treatments-xml/data/F9/29/C7/F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B.xml

<document id="FE2966C31132A17067BFEE904B0B0F2D" ID-CLB-Dataset="2803" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3e70158-bdd9-45e7-a3ac-7560bcd49d8d" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814310" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641193303186" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Külkamp, Josimar, Iganci, João R. V., Cordeiro, Inês &amp; Baumgratz, José Fernando A." docDate="2021" docId="F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.529.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 529 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Caperonia maracaibensis Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="0510BF1AFFD2550F61568E52E637674C" masterDocTitle="New species and occurrences of Caperonia (Euphorbiaceae) for South America" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="86" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1699292798164" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="7565A92524984DBEAEFF2ADFBE8EB506">New species and occurrences of Caperonia (Euphorbiaceae) for South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1652874976B87EBD14B599DAE9CD90ED">Külkamp, Josimar</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DF7E9D131380BF7C2BEF8D9B43A0FBEE" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5919-2930</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5CE44D64C64CB4866A33263417D0EDF1">Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil. josimarbotanica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5919 - 2930</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9A7851D612DB78A6B8912B496021E832">Iganci, João R. V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4842D985D25D997D1B65F5E674520068">Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Botânica, Campus Capão do Leão, Caixa Postal 354, 96010 - 900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 - Bloco IV-Prédio 43433, 91501 - 970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0106B2175B114095C73F4F560B534AA9">Cordeiro, Inês</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A105A2591B20C8373F606EF857BC8AD6">Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Conservação da Biodiversidade. Av. Miguel Stefano, 3687 Água Funda 04301 - 012, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EE6E3225FD2B44D31C9CD92F6C0AFC29">Baumgratz, José Fernando A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="99D2F0C0E4D424C63BC9FA672BDB62C9">Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 2040, Solar da Imperatriz, Horto, Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 22460 - 030, RJ, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="0AC1E5ACC97595D355194B20FC2BDF43">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E8D8DBB4B5008873FEA97308D924D10B">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5817434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191863053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5817434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61DE8DB8E4CD634D" box="[136,762,1002,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61DE8DB8E4CD634D" blockId="3.[136,1452,1002,1097]" box="[136,762,1002,1025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C61DE8DB8E46C634C" authority="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,603,1002,1024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61DE8DB8E7B2634C" bold="true" box="[136,389,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia maracaibensis</emphasis>
Külkamp &amp; Cordeiro
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C63328DB9E49A634C" box="[612,685,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58C7171DFFD1550C63328DB9E49A634C" box="[612,685,1003,1024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD1550C63EF8DB8E4C5634D" box="[697,754,1002,1025]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,190,924]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[234,1354,190,924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3.—Caperonia maracaibensis. A. Holotype of Caperonia maracaibensis. B. Prickles present in the section Aculeolateae. C. Inflorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814316/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61DE8A5DE48B6305" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61DE8A5DE48B6305" blockId="3.[136,1452,1002,1097]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<materialsCitation id="C1E87C29FFD1550C61DE8A5DE48F6305" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426244303" collectingDate="1978-05-11" collectorName="G. S. Bunting &amp; P. A. Drumond" country="Venezuela" county="Type" location="Concha" municipality="Colon" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zulia" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="985E0EF8FFD1550C61DE8A5DE68E6368" box="[136,185,1039,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Type</collectingCounty>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD1550C61838A5DE75F6368" box="[213,360,1039,1060]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="B344B896FFD1550C60268A5CE7916368" box="[368,422,1038,1060]" country="Venezuela" name="Zulia" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Zulia</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="915BEC0EFFD1550C60F98A5CE7DB6368" box="[431,492,1038,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Colon</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="745F20AFFFD1550C60A38A5CE4766368" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B:745F20AFFFD1550C60A38A5CE4766368" box="[501,577,1038,1060]" country="Venezuela" county="Type" municipality="Colon" name="Concha" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" stateProvince="Zulia">Concha</location>
, en pantano adyacente al final de la carretera (Caño Concha), 
<date id="053E50B4FFD1550C65D98A5DE3386368" box="[1167,1295,1039,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" value="1978-05-11">
<collectingDate id="157AA95CFFD1550C65D98A5DE3386368" box="[1167,1295,1039,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" value="1978-05-11">11 May 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C644E8A5DE74B630B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<collectorName id="DC7513A2FFD1550C644E8A5DE3A46368" box="[1304,1427,1039,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">G.S. Bunting</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="DC7513A2FFD1550C61EB8A61E771630B" box="[189,326,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">P.A. Drumond</collectorName>
6337
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD1550C60DE8A60E7D66304" box="[392,481,1074,1096]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: NY [NY00640176]!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61DE8A24E444626E" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61DE8A24E444626E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1142,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61DE8A24E6CC63DC" bold="true" box="[136,251,1142,1168]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C60498A25E47463DD" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[287,579,1143,1169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C60498A25E47463DD" box="[287,579,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C63B58A25E54063DD" authorityName="Mansfeld" authorityYear="1925" box="[739,887,1143,1169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zaponzeta">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C63B58A25E54063DD" box="[739,887,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. zaponzeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its prickly stem and pistillate flowers with 5 equal sepals, but differs by its leaves with abaxially prickly midrib, sepals of the staminate flower pubescent abaxially, petals of staminate flower pubescent abaxially, staminal column ca. 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C62218AEDE5FC6395" box="[887,971,1215,1241]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long, 10 stamens, and 9–15-laciniate styles (versus leaves without abaxially prickly midrib, glabrous sepals and petals, staminate column ca. 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C65B08AB1E31E63B1" box="[1254,1321,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
long, 9–10 stamens, and styles more than 20-laciniate).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8B78E20961B9" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8B78E20961B9" blockId="3.[136,1452,1142,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8B78E7706208" bold="true" box="[189,327,1322,1348]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Description</emphasis>
:—Herb, ca. 
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tall; internodes 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C638E8B79E51A6209" box="[728,813,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
long, stem striated longitudinally, with prickles 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C64018B79E6836225" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
long and simple trichomes at the apex of branches. Stipules ca. 0.25 × 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C62E98B1DE23A6225" box="[959,1037,1359,1385]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="0.1">0.1 cm</quantity>
, triangular, ciliate. Leaves: petiole 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C64D98B1DE6FE62C1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2– 5 mm</quantity>
long, with prickles; blade 8.9–17.8 × 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C63398B21E4D962C1" box="[623,750,1395,1421]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.3">1.3–3.2 cm</quantity>
, lanceolate, base rounded to truncate, apex acute, penninerved, secondary veins 10–22; indumentum of simple and malpighiaceous trichomes, and short prickles on midrib on the abaxial surface. Inflorescences 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C60B38BE9E46D6299" box="[485,602,1467,1493]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2349999999999999" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.8699999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="12.35" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="8.7">8.7–16 cm</quantity>
long, bracts ca. 2 × 
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, lanceolate, ciliate; axis with simple and glandular trichomes; staminate flowers 28–41, 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C63678B8DE48C62B5" box="[561,699,1503,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="4.9" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.7">4.7–5.1 mm</quantity>
diam., pedicel ca. 
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long, articulated at the base; sepals 5, 2.4–2.8 × 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C60568851E7406151" box="[256,375,1539,1565]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="1.0">1–1.1 mm</quantity>
, equal, lanceolate, base fused, apex acute, margin entire, abaxial surface pubescent; petals 5, heteromorphic, 3 of them obovate, 2.9–3.1 × 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C63D48875E4C1610D" box="[642,758,1575,1601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2 mm</quantity>
, adnate to the base of staminal column, the other 2 lanceolate, 0.45–0.5 × 
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, adnate to the middle of staminal column, with simple trichomes on the abaxial surface; stamens 10, staminal column ca. 
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long, glabrous, anthers of the external whorl sessile, pistillode globose; pistillate flowers (in bud) with 5 equal sepals, ca. 3.3 × 
<quantity id="B678DB91FFD1550C625688C1E56E61E1" box="[768,857,1683,1709]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="2.1">2.1 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate, base fused to the receptacle, apex acute, margin entire, both surfaces with simple trichomes; petals 5, ca. 3 × 
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, obovate; ovary with simple and glandular trichomes; styles ca. 
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long, 9–15 laciniate, glabrous. Fruit and seeds not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB88ACE270602D" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB88ACE270602D" blockId="3.[136,1452,1142,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB88ACE7D16054" bold="true" box="[189,486,1790,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C635F88ADE51A6055" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[521,813,1791,1817]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C635F88ADE51A6055" box="[521,813,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from its 
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD1550C651E88ADE24F6055" box="[1096,1144,1791,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus>
collection in northwestern 
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD1550C61DE8971E6C96071" box="[136,254,1827,1853]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, near Maracaibo Lake (
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD1550C635C8971E4676071" box="[522,592,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[283,1354,1041,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-42@2.[234,1354,1041,1877]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2.—Distribution map of Caperonia amarumayu (black star), C. maracaibensis (black square), C. zaponzeta (white circles (previous records) and black circles (new records))." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814314/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). According to 
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD1550C63A98971E2B36071" author="Huber, O. &amp; Oliveira-Miranda, M. A." box="[767,1156,1827,1853]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" refId="ref4055" refString="Huber, O. &amp; Oliveira-Miranda, M. A. (2010) Ambientes terrestres de Venezuela. In: Rodriguez, J. P., Rojas-Suarez, F. &amp; Hernandez, G. (eds.) Libro Rojo de los Ecosistemas Terrestres de Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela, 471 pp." type="book" year="2010">Huber &amp; Oliveira-Miranda (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, the region presents semideciduous forests interspersed with wetlands, where the 
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD1550C63A98915E518602D" box="[767,815,1863,1889]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">type</typeStatus>
specimen was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8938E7F66081" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8938E7F66081" blockId="3.[136,1452,1142,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8938E79860C9" bold="true" box="[189,431,1898,1925]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Conservation status</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C60858939E4CF60C9" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[467,760,1899,1925]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C60858939E4CF60C9" box="[467,760,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Caperonia maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is Data Deficient (DD) for conservation status assessment (
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD1550C61C689DDE72C60E5" author="IUCN" box="[144,283,1935,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" refId="ref4112" refString="IUCN (2013) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 10. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http: // intranet. iucn. org / webfiles / doc / SSC / RedList / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 10 October 2020)" type="book" year="2013">IUCN 2013</bibRefCitation>
), but we believe that urbanization, touristic activities, and habitat conversion in the region are serious threats to 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD1550C61A089E1E78D6081" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[246,442,1971,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61A089E1E78D6081" box="[246,442,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">C. maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD1550C61EB8985E48F60BD" box="[189,696,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD1550C61EB8985E48F60BD" blockId="3.[136,1452,1142,2033]" box="[189,696,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD1550C61EB8985E70E60BD" bold="true" box="[189,313,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="89">Phenology</emphasis>
:—Flowering and fruiting in May.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="25FF26FCFFD6550B61DE8DE6E72664A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814316/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" startId="4.[136,229,948,970]" targetBox="[234,1354,190,924]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD6550B61DE8DE6E72664A2" blockId="4.[136,1451,948,1006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B61DE8DE6E6CE6485" bold="true" box="[136,249,948,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.— 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B60418DE7E4276485" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[279,528,948,970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B60418DE7E4276485" box="[279,528,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Caperonia maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B634B8DE6E4036485" bold="true" box="[541,564,948,969]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">A.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B63EE8DE7E58E6485" box="[696,953,948,970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B63EE8DE7E5836485" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[696,948,948,970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">Caperonia maracaibensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B62E98DE7E5E26486" bold="true" box="[959,981,949,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">B.</emphasis>
Prickles present in the section 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B645F8DE6E3B16485" box="[1289,1414,948,969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Aculeolateae</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B64C28DE6E39C6486" bold="true" box="[1428,1451,948,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C.</emphasis>
Inflorescence.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD6550B61EB8A4FE6DC6317" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD6550B61EB8A4FE6DC6317" blockId="4.[136,1452,1053,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B61EB8A4FE709637B" bold="true" box="[189,318,1053,1079]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The epithet “ 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B60A08A4FE4AE637B" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[502,665,1053,1079]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B60A08A4FE4AE637B" box="[502,665,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is a reference to the Maracaibo Lake region, where this new species is found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="399A25FFFFD6550B61EB8A37E450621B" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="713F7674FFD6550B61EB8A37E450621B" blockId="4.[136,1452,1053,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B61EB8A37E7376333" bold="true" box="[189,256,1125,1151]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Notes</emphasis>
:—This new species must be included in 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B639D8A37E23F6333" box="[715,1032,1125,1151]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Aculeolatae">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B639D8A37E5756333" box="[715,834,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Caperonia</emphasis>
sect. 
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B62D48A37E23F6333" box="[898,1032,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Aculeolatae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to its prickly stem (
<figureCitation id="E9BB6AF1FFD6550B64438A37E35B6333" box="[1301,1388,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,948,970]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,190,924]" captionTargetId="figure-18@4.[234,1354,190,924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3.—Caperonia maracaibensis. A. Holotype of Caperonia maracaibensis. B. Prickles present in the section Aculeolateae. C. Inflorescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814316/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). The 
<typeStatus id="AE3BC8D6FFD6550B61DE8ADBE68F63EF" box="[136,184,1161,1187]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
collection of 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B60068ADBE42563EF" authorityName="Kulkamp &amp; Cordeiro" authorityYear="2021" box="[336,530,1161,1187]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maracaibensis">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B60068ADBE42563EF" box="[336,530,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. maracaibensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B62578ADBE21963EF" authority="Didrichsen" authorityName="Didrichsen" box="[769,1070,1161,1187]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteropetala">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B62578ADBE59963EF" box="[769,942,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. heteropetala</emphasis>
Didrichsen
</taxonomicName>
(148: 1857), but the short prickles and the absence of glandular trichomes in the vegetative structures distinguished the new species. 
<location id="745F20AFFFD6550B65A38AFFE3B3638B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F929C762FFD1550B61DE8DB8E450621B:745F20AFFFD6550B65A38AFFE3B3638B" box="[1269,1412,1197,1223]" country="Brazil" name="Additionally" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Additionally</location>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B64C48AFFE72263A7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heteropetala">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B64C48AFFE72263A7" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. heteropetala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the coastal region of southeastern and northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD6550B65588A83E26563A7" box="[1038,1106,1233,1259]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD6550B65358A83E32463A7" author="Kulkamp, J." box="[1123,1299,1233,1259]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" pagination="2020" refId="ref4304" refString="Kulkamp, J. (2020) Caperonia. In: Lista de Especies da Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 17471 (accessed 17 June 2021)" type="book chapter" year="2020">Külkamp 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Three other species of 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B60578AA7E74F6243" authorityName="Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" box="[257,376,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B60578AA7E74F6243" box="[257,376,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Caperonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recorded in 
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD6550B63648AA7E49F6243" box="[562,680,1269,1295]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B63E28AA7E5506243" authorityName="Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1825" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus 1753:" baseAuthorityYear="1004" box="[692,871,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B63E28AA7E5506243" box="[692,871,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. castaneifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B62208AA7E5C06243" authorityName="Webster" authorityYear="1967" box="[886,1015,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neglecta">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B62208AA7E5C06243" box="[886,1015,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. neglecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B65798AA7E2846243" box="[1071,1203,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palustris">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B65798AA7E2846243" box="[1071,1203,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">C. palustris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="3C0243CFFFD6550B65958AA7E32D6243" box="[1219,1306,1269,1295]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1414,1438]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Main morphological differences between Caperonia species registered in Venezuela." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/25FF26FCFFD6550B61DE8BD4E2BD62D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" tableUuid="25FF26FCFFD6550B61DE8BD4E2BD62D3">Table 2</tableCitation>
), but are not endemic to that country (
<bibRefCitation id="15110B85FFD6550B60CF8B4BE407627F" author="POWO" box="[409,560,1305,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" refId="ref4754" refString="POWO (2019) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http: // www. plantsoftheworldonline. org / (accessed 15 October 2020)" type="url" year="2019">POWO 2019</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<tableCitation id="3C0243CFFFD6550B630B8B4BE499627F" box="[605,686,1305,1331]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="4.[136,224,1414,1438]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 2. Main morphological differences between Caperonia species registered in Venezuela." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/25FF26FCFFD6550B61DE8BD4E2BD62D3" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" tableUuid="25FF26FCFFD6550B61DE8BD4E2BD62D3">Table 2</tableCitation>
also are presented the morphological characteristics that differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="B6800DF7FFD6550B61DE8B6FE760621B" box="[136,343,1341,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Caperonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="43F4AA66FFD6550B61DE8B6FE6C8621B" box="[136,255,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Caperonia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occurring in 
<collectingCountry id="099736E4FFD6550B60BA8B6FE454621B" box="[492,611,1341,1367]" name="Venezuela" pageId="4" pageNumber="90">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>