218 lines
28 KiB
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218 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="DB8940C604B9503FA531A75EE7632500" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.186035" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8469ec5c-856b-4223-80d5-5dbe44ec5cd2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="186035" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460049915467" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kammerer, Christian F. & Angielczyk, Kenneth D." docDate="2009" docId="03EE87A896160F1BDBAFF899FD89FC24" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02018p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2018" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lystrosauridae Broom 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFD7FFD0961B0F15DB38FFF3F90FFF93" masterDocTitle="A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1698234516456" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="69B0F7C543118089647B1F4D78325BDE">A proposed higher taxonomy of anomodont therapsids</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C1F7C80C4BB6B0AECAA55774C1FE7FA8">Kammerer, Christian F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8471E918E56ABECB1CA93A62341DC26B">Angielczyk, Kenneth D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="960EDF23A75A88EE202461C0B48DE132">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="73E7FC7216E353D2F64910BC0CA119E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="329F85BA0B6CF0120592473783B9092D">
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<mods:date id="4AE649EB48A45DC6D350012032C5F794">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FB3DF134D22D97EC9A5130AF3842A47C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2669B1B8EA9B36B3898DBE8F6BBEDBEB">2018</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5559072FEF18473A67251E0A5F2683BE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.186035</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="52A63AB1D03D307CA9BE6BAD4D8D2976" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="96DD865BFE6B12E85BDDC41C05F03AF0" type="Zenodo-Dep">186035</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EE87A896160F1BDBAFF899FD89FC24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6222282" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124874309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6222282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE87A896160F1BDBAFF899FD89FC24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE87A896160F1BDBAFF899FD89FC24" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<subSubSection id="C35D653596160F18DBAFF899FC37F866" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF836BE96160F18DBAFF899FB07F817" blockId="13.[151,520,1898,1924]" box="[151,520,1898,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<heading id="D0B081D296160F18DBAFF899FB07F817" bold="true" box="[151,520,1898,1924]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96160F18DBAFF899FB07F817" bold="true" box="[151,520,1898,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96160F18DBAFF899F8F5F817" authority="Broom, 1903" authorityName="Broom" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,506,1898,1924]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Lystrosauridae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18DA62F899F8F5F817" author="Broom" box="[346,506,1898,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="16" refString="Broom, R. (1903 a) On the classification of the theriodonts and their allies. Report of the South African Association for the Advancement of Science, 1, 286 - 294." type="journal article" year="1903" yearSuffix="a">Broom, 1903</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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a
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF836BE96160F18DBAFF847FC37F866" blockId="13.[151,1436,1972,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96160F18DBAFF847F827F85D" bold="true" box="[151,296,1972,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Definition:</emphasis>
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All taxa more closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96160F18D9F5F847FC56F85D" authority="(Huxley, 1859) Broom, 1932" authorityName="(Huxley, 1859) Broom" authorityYear="1932" box="[717,1369,1972,1998]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="murrayi">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96160F18D9F5F847FAD1F85E" box="[717,990,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lystrosaurus murrayi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18D8C8F847FD92F85D" author="Huxley" box="[1008,1181,1972,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="18" refString="Huxley, T. H. (1859) On a new species of Dicynodon (D. Murrayi), from near Colesberg, South Africa; and on the structure of the skull in dicynodonts. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 15, 649 - 658." type="journal article" year="1859">Huxley, 1859</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18DF97F847FC56F85D" author="Broom" box="[1199,1369,1972,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="17" refString="Broom, R. (1932) The Mammal-Like Reptiles of South Africa and the Origin of Mammals. H. F. & G. Witherby, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="1932">Broom, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, than
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96160F18DBAFF828FB37F866" authority="Owen, 1845" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1845" box="[151,568,2011,2037]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Dicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacerticeps">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96160F18DBAFF828F8AFF867" box="[151,416,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Dicynodon lacerticeps</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18DA9EF828FB37F866" author="Owen" box="[422,568,2011,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="19" refString="Owen, R. (1845) Report on the reptilian fossils of South Africa. Part I. - Description of certain fossil crania, discovered by A. G. Bain, Esq., in sandstone rocks at the south-eastern extremity of Africa, referable to different species of an extinct genus of Reptilia (Dicynodon), and indicative of a new tribe or sub-order of Sauria. Transactions of the Geological Society of London, Second Series, 7, 59 - 84." type="journal article" year="1845">Owen, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96160F18D95CF828FC29F866" authority="(Weithofer, 1888) Broom, 1913" authorityName="(Weithofer, 1888) Broom" authorityYear="1913" box="[612,1318,2011,2037]" class="Reptilia" family="Kannemeyeriidae" genus="Kannemeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="simocephala">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96160F18D95CF828FAA5F867" box="[612,938,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kannemeyeria simocephala</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18D881F828FD76F866" author="Weithofer" box="[953,1145,2011,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Weithofer, A. (1888) Ueber einen neuen Dicynodonten (Dicynodon simocephalus) aus der Karrooformation Sudafrikas. Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 3, 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1888">Weithofer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96160F18DFB0F828FC29F866" author="Broom" box="[1160,1318,2011,2037]" pageId="13" pageNumber="17" refString="Broom, R. (1913 a) On some new genera and species of dicynodont reptiles, with notes on a few others. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 32, 441 - 457." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">Broom, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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a.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35D653596150F1BDBFEFF64FD89FC24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF836BE96150F1BDBFEFF64FAD2FD9D" blockId="14.[151,1438,151,951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDBFEFF64F8E5FF22" bold="true" box="[198,490,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Taxonomic comments:</emphasis>
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The relationships between
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD862FF6BFAFEFF22" box="[858,1009,152,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD862FF6BFAFEFF22" box="[858,1009,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, kannemeyeriiforms, and various
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDBAFFF4CF814FF4B" box="[151,283,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Dicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDBAFFF4CF814FF4B" box="[151,283,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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-like Permian taxa (
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD936FF4CFB14FF4B" box="[526,539,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">e</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD91CFF4CFB3CFF4B" box="[548,563,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">g</emphasis>
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.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD973FF4CFBE1FF4B" box="[587,750,191,216]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Vivaxosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD973FF4CFBE1FF4B" box="[587,750,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vivaxosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD9C6FF4CFAA5FF4B" box="[766,938,191,216]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dinanomodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD9C6FF4CFAA5FF4B" box="[766,938,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dinanomodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) remain unresolved, with some analyses recovering a
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDA01FF16F8D8FF6D" box="[313,471,229,254]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDA01FF16F8D8FF6D" box="[313,471,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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+kannemeyeriiform sister-group relationship (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDF29FF16FDE7FF6C" author="Angielczyk" box="[1041,1256,229,255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="16" refString="Angielczyk, K. D. (2001) Preliminary phylogenetic analysis and stratigraphic congruence of the dicynodont anomodonts (Synapsida: Therapsida). Palaeontologia Africana, 37, 53 - 79." type="journal article" year="2001">Angielczyk 2001</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDFCEFF16FC38FF6C" author="Angielczyk" box="[1270,1335,229,255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="16" refString="Angielczyk, K. D (2002) Redescription, phylogenetic position, and stratigraphic significance of the dicynodont genus Odontocyclops (Synapsida; Therapsida). Journal of Paleontology, 76, 1047 - 1059." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDE7CFF16F9DAFEB5" author="Surkov" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Surkov, M. V. (2000) On the historical biogeography of Middle Triassic anomodonts. Paleontological Journal, 34, 84 - 88." type="journal article" year="2000">Surkov 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDBD9FEFFF8B1FEB5" author="Surkov" box="[225,446,268,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Surkov, M. V., Kalandadze, N. N. & Benton, M. J. (2005) Lystrosaurus georgi, a dicynodont from the Lower Triassic of Russia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25, 402 - 413." type="journal article" year="2005">
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Surkov
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDA05FEFFF876FEB6" box="[317,377,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
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2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDAF3FEFFFB30FEB5" author="Ray" box="[459,575,268,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Ray, S. (2006) Functional and evolutionary aspects of the postcranial anatomy of dicynodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida). Palaeontology, 49, 1263 - 1286." type="journal article" year="2006">Ray 2006</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD974FEFFFBF7FEB5" author="Frobisch" box="[588,760,268,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. (2007) The cranial anatomy of Kombuisia frerensis Hotton (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) and a new phylogeny of anomodont therapsids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 117 - 144." type="journal article" year="2007">Fröbisch 2007</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD83CFEFFFD19FEB5" author="Frobisch" box="[772,1046,268,294]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. & Reisz, R. R. (2008) A new species of Emydops (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 770 - 787." type="journal article" year="2008">Fröbisch & Reisz 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) and others placing
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDE3DFEFFFC93FEB6" box="[1285,1436,268,293]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDE3DFEFFFC93FEB6" box="[1285,1436,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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outside a clade containing
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDADFFEC1FB81FED8" box="[487,654,306,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Vivaxosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDADFFEC1FB81FED8" box="[487,654,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Vivaxosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and kannemeyeriiforms (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD8F7FEC1FC36FEDF" author="Angielczyk" box="[975,1337,306,332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="16" refString="Angielczyk, K. D. & Kurkin, A. A. (2003 a) Phylogenetic analysis of Russian Permian dicynodonts (Therapsida: Anomodontia): implications for Permian biostratigraphy and Pangaean biogeography. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 139, 157 - 212." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Angielczyk & Kurkin 2003a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDE7EFEC1FC97FEDF" author="Angielczyk" box="[1350,1432,306,332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="16" refString="Angielczyk, K. D. & Kurkin, A. A. (2003 b) Has the utility of Dicynodon for Upper Permian terrestrial biostratigraphy been overstated? Geology, 31, 363 - 366." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">2003b</bibRefCitation>
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; Angielczyk 2007) or even basal to
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD954FEAAFAD6FEE0" authority="(Maisch 2002a)" baseAuthorityName="Maisch" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[620,985,345,371]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Dicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD954FEAAFBF4FEE1" box="[620,763,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dicynodon</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD835FEAAFADFFEE0" author="Maisch" box="[781,976,345,371]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Although the relative position of
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDBAFFE73F84AFE09" box="[151,325,384,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lystrosauridae</taxonomicName>
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is uncertain, the monophyly of this group (containing
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD8EAFE73FDF0FE09" authority="Cope, 1870" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1870" box="[978,1279,384,410]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD8EAFE73FD64FE0A" box="[978,1131,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDF4BFE73FDF0FE09" author="Cope" box="[1139,1279,384,410]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Cope, E. D. (1870) Remarks. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 11, 419." type="journal article" year="1870">Cope, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with at least four species, and the monospecific genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD9A8FE54FAF8FE53" authority="Maisch, 2002" authorityName="Maisch" authorityYear="2002" box="[656,1015,422,448]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Kwazulusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD9A8FE54FA46FE53" box="[656,841,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kwazulusaurus</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD869FE55FAF8FE53" author="Maisch" box="[849,1015,422,448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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a) has not been challenged, and we define it here as a stem-based taxon using
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD9F4FE3EFA55FE75" box="[716,858,461,486]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicynodontidae" genus="Dicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD9F4FE3EFA55FE75" box="[716,858,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Dicynodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(representing Permian dicynodontoids) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDBAFFE07F84DFD9E" box="[151,322,500,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Kannemeyeriidae" genus="Kannemeyeria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDBAFFE07F84DFD9E" box="[151,322,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kannemeyeria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(representing kannemeyeriiforms) as external specifiers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF836BE96150F1BDBFEFDE9FD89FC24" blockId="14.[151,1438,151,951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDBFEFDE9F8BCFDA7" bold="true" box="[198,435,538,564]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Revised diagnosis:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F350762E96150F1BDAF9FDE9F8EEFDA7" box="[449,481,538,564]" name="American Samoa" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">As</collectingCountry>
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currently defined,
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD9ECFDE9FA8EFDA7" box="[724,897,538,564]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lystrosauridae</taxonomicName>
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includes only the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDFF5FDE9FC6BFDA0" box="[1229,1380,538,563]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDFF5FDE9FC6BFDA0" box="[1229,1380,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDBAFFDB2F85AFDC9" box="[151,341,577,602]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Kwazulusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDBAFFDB2F85AFDC9" box="[151,341,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kwazulusaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. The latter taxon has only been included in one phylogenetic analysis (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDFE9FDB2FC9FFDC8" author="Maisch" box="[1233,1424,577,603]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch, 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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). Therefore, in addition to listing autapomorphies from the analyses of Angielczyk (2007),
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDF90FD9BFC68FD11" author="Frobisch" box="[1192,1383,616,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. (2007) The cranial anatomy of Kombuisia frerensis Hotton (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) and a new phylogeny of anomodont therapsids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 117 - 144." type="journal article" year="2007">Fröbisch (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDBAFFD7DF8C6FD3B" author="Frobisch" box="[151,457,654,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. & Reisz, R. R. (2008) A new species of Emydops (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 770 - 787." type="journal article" year="2008">Fröbisch & Reisz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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|
, we also include autapomorphies identified by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDF34FD7DFDDFFD3B" author="Maisch" box="[1036,1232,654,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
|
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.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDFE4FD7DFC94FD3B" author="Maisch" box="[1244,1435,654,680]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
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|
identified two autapomorphies of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD914FD46FBEFFD5C" box="[556,736,693,719]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Lystrosauridae</taxonomicName>
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|
: (1) ectopterygoid absent; (2) snout region short and deep, strongly extended ventrally. Autapomorphies recognized in common by Angielczyk (2007),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDFE0FD2FFC97FD65" author="Frobisch" box="[1240,1432,732,758]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. (2007) The cranial anatomy of Kombuisia frerensis Hotton (Synapsida, Dicynodontia) and a new phylogeny of anomodont therapsids. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150, 117 - 144." type="journal article" year="2007">Fröbisch (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BDBF2FCF1F8FAFC8F" author="Frobisch" box="[202,501,770,796]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Frobisch, J. & Reisz, R. R. (2008) A new species of Emydops (Synapsida, Anomodontia) and a discussion of dental variability and pathology in dicynodonts. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28, 770 - 787." type="journal article" year="2008">Fröbisch & Reisz (2008)</bibRefCitation>
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|
are: (1) parietals widely exposed on the skull roof; (2) anterior portion of the palatine does not contact the premaxilla.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD9BBFCDAFA24FCD0" author="Cluver" box="[643,811,809,835]" pageId="14" pageNumber="17" refString="Cluver, M. A. (1971) The cranial morphology of the dicynodont genus Lystrosaurus. Annals of the South African Museum, 56, 155 - 274." type="journal article" year="1971">Cluver (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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|
provided a detailed diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDF81FCDAFC5DFCD1" box="[1209,1362,809,834]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDF81FCDAFC5DFCD1" box="[1209,1362,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in his thorough treatment of the cranial morphology of the genus, and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B4F96150F1BD8B4FCA3FD4AFCF9" author="Maisch" box="[908,1093,848,874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="19" refString="Maisch, M. W. (2002 a) A new basal lystrosaurid dicynodont from the Upper Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology, 45, 343 - 359." type="journal article" year="2002" yearSuffix="a">Maisch (2002a)</bibRefCitation>
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|
presented the only diagnosis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BDB80FC84F87EFC03" box="[184,369,887,912]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Kwazulusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BDB80FC84F87EFC03" box="[184,369,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kwazulusaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to date. The most distinctive character of lystrosaurids is the steeply downturned snout, although this feature is more strongly developed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD9CBFC6EFA85FC25" box="[755,906,925,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Lystrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD9CBFC6EFA85FC25" box="[755,906,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lystrosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C474D3D96150F1BD8F3FC6EFD8FFC25" box="[971,1152,925,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Lystrosauridae" genus="Kwazulusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Therapsida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B933EAAC96150F1BD8F3FC6EFD8FFC25" box="[971,1152,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Kwazulusaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |