269 lines
37 KiB
XML
269 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="031F3CCB69F38753085B8D3B578765CC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4802.1.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3904876" ID-ZooBank="7FE0057D-06F4-4B02-A4FB-CC0F89FAF5D5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1592922886884" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tea, Yi-Kai & Gill, Anthony C." docDate="2020" docId="03E7879A1C00756EFF2F93CA9FCBC5B7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4802.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4802 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Microcanthus Swainson (Stripey 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFDEFFE21C047568FFB895289D40C610" masterDocTitle="Systematic reappraisal of the anti-equatorial fish genus Microcanthus Swainson (Teleostei: Microcanthidae), with redescription and resurrection of Microcanthus joyceae Whitley" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1700276906948" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="6C81036434242FEB34738BE9C7434BC0">Systematic reappraisal of the anti-equatorial fish genus Microcanthus Swainson (Teleostei: Microcanthidae), with redescription and resurrection of Microcanthus joyceae Whitley</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD674694BEEE57B0A6EF27FAE4F9F3C8">Tea, Yi-Kai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0E18E2BEA20F28676D8BCAC2A05B592">Gill, Anthony C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E6B098888B11511D958C1DFD2A51EB2">School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. & Chau Chak Wing Museum, Macleay Collections, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. anthony. c. gill @ sydney. edu. au https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8990 - 3657 & Department of Ichthyology, Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B628565633BE62A53DCDC5B4048B5596">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DC2B416FF59EF5B08718738332965ADB">2020</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFF2F93CA9CFFC0EC" ID-CoL="5RJT" ID-ENA="163145" authority="Swainson" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,447,1762,1789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFF2F93CA9C01C0ED" bold="true" box="[151,321,1762,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Microcanthus</emphasis>
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Swainson
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35465071C00756CFF2F920998DDC1A4" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C00756CFF2F920998DCC129" blockId="4.[151,1437,1825,2003]" box="[151,1436,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEF109D1C00756CFF2F92099CB9C129" author="Swainson, W." box="[151,505,1825,1850]" page="170" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" year="1839">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFF2F92099CB9C129" ID-CoL="5RJT" authority="Swainson 1839: 170" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityPageNumber="170" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,505,1825,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFF2F92099C63C129" box="[151,291,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Microcanthus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFE9192099CB9C129" author="Swainson, W." box="[297,505,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref13157" refString="Swainson, W. (1839) On the Natural History and Classification of Fishes, Amphibians, & Reptiles, or Monocardian animals. Vol. 2. Spottiswoode & Co., London, 427 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62140" type="book" year="1839">Swainson 1839: 170</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 215 (as a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFD5C92099EF9C12A" ID-CoL="3LLT" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[740,953,1825,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chaetodontidae" genus="Chaetodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFD5C92099E13C129" box="[740,851,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Chaetodon</emphasis>
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Linnaeus
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<typeStatus id="54F5882E1C00756CFC7B920A9EAFC12A" box="[963,1007,1826,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFBFC920998D8C129" authority="Cuvier 1831" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" box="[1092,1432,1825,1850]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chaetodontidae" genus="Chaetodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigatus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFBFC92099852C129" box="[1092,1298,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Chaetodon strigatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFAA0920998D8C129" author="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A." box="[1304,1432,1825,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref10613" refString="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1831) Histoire naturelle des poisons. Tome septieme. Livre septieme. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitieme. Des poissons a pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Vol. 7. F. G. Levrault, Paris, pp. i-xxix + 1 - 531, pls. 170 - 208." type="book" year="1831">Cuvier 1831</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C00756CFF7F921798DDC1A4" blockId="4.[151,1437,1825,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
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by monotypy).
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFF2F92779CF7C167" authority="Kaup 1860: 140" authorityName="Kaup" authorityPageNumber="140" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,439,1886,1911]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Therapaina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFF2F92779C4DC167" box="[151,269,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Therapaina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFEAC92779CF7C167" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[276,439,1886,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="133 - 156" refId="ref11976" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1860) Ueber die Chaetodontidae. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 26, 133 - 156." type="journal article" year="1860">Kaup 1860: 140</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F5882E1C00756CFE7C92779CB1C167" box="[452,497,1887,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFDFF92779EDCC167" authority="Cuvier 1831" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" box="[583,924,1886,1911]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Chaetodontidae" genus="Chaetodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigatus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFDFF92779E56C166" box="[583,790,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Chaetodon strigatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFCA492769EDCC167" author="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A." box="[796,924,1886,1911]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" refId="ref10613" refString="Cuvier, G. & Valenciennes, A. (1831) Histoire naturelle des poisons. Tome septieme. Livre septieme. Des Squamipennes. Livre huitieme. Des poissons a pharyngiens labyrinthiformes. Vol. 7. F. G. Levrault, Paris, pp. i-xxix + 1 - 531, pls. 170 - 208." type="book" year="1831">Cuvier 1831</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy).?
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFF1A92559C86C186" authority="Kaup 1863: 162" authorityName="Kaup" authorityPageNumber="162" authorityYear="1863" box="[162,454,1917,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Helotosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFF1A92559C5CC185" box="[162,284,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Helotosoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFE9B92569C86C186" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[291,454,1917,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="161 - 162" refId="ref11999" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1863) Uber einige japanische Fische. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, 1, 161 - 162." type="journal article" year="1863">Kaup 1863: 162</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="54F5882E1C00756CFE6C92559F41C185" box="[468,513,1917,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFDEF92559ED1C186" authority="Kaup 1863" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1863" box="[599,913,1917,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Helotosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="servus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFDEF92559E58C185" box="[599,792,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Helotosoma servus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFCA692569ED1C186" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[798,913,1917,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="161 - 162" refId="ref11999" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1863) Uber einige japanische Fische. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, 1, 161 - 162." type="journal article" year="1863">Kaup 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy).
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<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFF2F92B49F42C1A4" authority="Castelnau 1873: 130" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityPageNumber="130" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,514,1947,1972]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Neochaetodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFF2F92B49C69C1A4" box="[151,297,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Neochaetodon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFE8892B39F42C1A4" author="Castelnau, F. L." box="[304,514,1947,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="37 - 158" refId="ref10493" refString="Castelnau, F. L. (1873) Contributions to the ichthyology of Australia. No. III. Supplement to the fishes of Victoria. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, 2, 37 - 158." type="journal article" year="1873">Castelnau 1873: 130</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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||
<typeStatus id="54F5882E1C00756CFDA892B49F7DC1A4" box="[528,573,1948,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
|
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species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C00756CFD2C92B4995EC1A4" authority="Castelnau 1873" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1873" box="[660,1054,1947,1972]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Neochaetodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C00756CFD2C92B49E38C1A4" box="[660,888,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Neochaetodon vittatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFCC792B3995EC1A4" author="Castelnau, F. L." box="[895,1054,1947,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="37 - 158" refId="ref10493" refString="Castelnau, F. L. (1873) Contributions to the ichthyology of Australia. No. III. Supplement to the fishes of Victoria. Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, 2, 37 - 158." type="journal article" year="1873">Castelnau 1873</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C00756CFAE192B398DDC1A4" author="Jordan, D. S." box="[1369,1437,1947,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" pagination="285 - 410" refId="ref11742" refString="Jordan, D. S. (1919) The genera of fishes, part III, from Guenther to Gill, 1859 - 1880, twenty-two years, with the accepted type of each. A contribution to the stability of scientific nomenclature. Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series, 39, 285 - 410 + i-xv." type="journal article" year="1919">
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<collectingCountry id="F359761C1C00756CFAE192B398DDC1A4" box="[1369,1437,1947,1972]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35465071C00756CFF7F92939C7DC1C3" box="[199,317,1978,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C00756CFF7F92939C7DC1C3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1825,2003]" box="[199,317,1978,2003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">1919: 368).</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35465071C01756DFF2F95B0999FC753" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C01756DFF2F95B0999FC753" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
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||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C01756DFF2F95B09C52C6A3" bold="true" box="[151,274,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C01756DFEA195B19CF4C6A3" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[281,436,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C01756DFEA195B19CF4C6A3" box="[281,436,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Microcanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from all other microcanthid genera in having the following combination of characters: dorsal fin with XI spines and 15–17 (usually 16) segmented rays; anal fin with III spines and 13–15 (usually 14) segmented rays; pectoral fin with 15–17 (usually 16) rays; scales ctenoid, with ctenial bases present; lateral line scales partially or heavily obscured by adjacent scales; and body pale in preservation with five horizontal dark stripes reaching the posterior edges of dorsal and anal fins, and base of caudal fin.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35465071C01756EFF7F94649FA1C7BF" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C01756DFF7F94649808C497" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C01756DFF7F94649C19C777" bold="true" box="[199,345,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal-fin rays XI,15–17, all segmented rays branched except anteriormost; soft dorsal fin extensively covered in scales, scales reaching almost to distal edge of fin; anal-fin rays III,13–15, all segmented rays branched; basal portion of dorsal and anal fins with scale sheaths; pectoral-fin rays 14–17, all rays branched except for uppermost; dorsal and anal fin spines stiff and pungent; second anal-fin spine blade-like; base of pectoral fin covered in numerous small scales, scales reaching just beyond base of fin rays; inner pelvic-fin ray not attached to body by membrane; pelvic-fin rays I,5, all segmented rays branched; upper procurrent caudal-fin rays 8–9; lower procurrent caudal-fin rays 7–9; principal caudal-fin rays 9 + 8 (8 + 7 branched); total caudal-fin rays 32–35; lateral line complete; tubed scales irregularly obscured by overlapping scales; scales ctenoid with ctenial bases; diagonal rows of scales in lateral series 48–59; circumpeduncular scales 26–30; gill rakers 16–18; branchiostegals 7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C01756DFF7F97B9980AC5DB" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Vertebrae 10 + 15; supraneurals 3; predorsal formula 0/0+0/2/1+1; trisegmental pterygiophores associated with segmented rays of the dorsal (except the anteriormost 3–5 bisegmental) and anal fins (except the anteriormost 3–4 bisegmental); terminal rays in dorsal and anal fins with well-developed stays; ribs present on vertebrae 3 through 10; epineurals present on vertebrae 1 through 10–12 (usually 11); parhypural and hypurals 1–5 autogenous; welldeveloped hypurapophysis on parhypural; epurals 3, anteriormost largest; two uroneurals; uppermost procurrent ray on ventral part of caudal fin with procurrent spur, the ray immediately below foreshortened (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C01756DFB20966D9878C54F" author="Johnson, G. D." box="[1176,1336,836,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref11517" refString="Johnson, G. D. (1975) The procurrent spur: an undescribed perciform caudal character and its phylogenetic implications. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 121, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1975">Johnson 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); haemal spines on preural centrum 2 and 3 autogenous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A091C01756DFD1196419E48C593" box="[681,776,873,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1973,1998]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,993,1948]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1422,990,1950]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. X-radiograph of Microcanthus strigatus, KPM-NI 24269, 73.8 mm SL, Yakushima Island, Japan. Radiograph by A. Hay." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3904878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3904878/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); interarcual cartilage present between uncinate process of epibranchial 1 and pharyngobranchial 2; no toothplates on epibranchial 2 or 3; well-developed suborbital shelf on third infraorbital; posttemporal and preopercle finely serrate; laterosensory canal present in supracleithrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3166041C01756DFF2F929D9DA6C1E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3904878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3904878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3904878/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" startId="5.[151,250,1973,1998]" targetBox="[166,1422,993,1948]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C01756DFF2F929D9DA6C1E2" blockId="5.[151,1436,1973,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C01756DFF2F929D9C54C1DE" bold="true" box="[151,276,1973,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
X-radiograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C01756DFE7F929D9FF3C1DD" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[455,691,1973,1997]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C01756DFE7F929D9FF3C1DD" box="[455,691,1973,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Microcanthus strigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, KPM-NI 24269, 73.8 mm SL, Yakushima Island, Japan. Radiograph by A. Hay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C02756EFF7F95B19FA1C7BF" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Body laterally compressed, moderately tall in lateral view, dorsal-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin 51.9– 59.8% SL; head small 28.1–36.6% SL; snout acute, 7.8–11.0% SL; head profile steeply sloping, slightly concave; eye large, 11.0–14.6% SL; mouth terminal, horizontal to slightly oblique; distal portion of maxilla partly covered by lachrymal, barely reaching anterior edge of orbit; preopercle serrated; lower jaw projecting slightly; jaws with numerous rows of small, setiform teeth anteriorly; preorbital region naked; scales large, ctenoid with ctenial bases, covering the body from postorbital region of operculum and the cheek, posteriorly to base of caudal fin; interorbital region naked, 8.3–11.4% SL in width; pelvic fin free, not bound to body by a membrane, situated well behind vertical through pectoral-fin base; caudal fin emarginate.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35465071C02756EFF7F94919965C7E7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C02756EFF7F94919965C7E7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFF7F94919C0EC7C3" bold="true" box="[199,334,441,467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The generic epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFD8994919F8CC7C3" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[561,716,441,467]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFD8994919F8CC7C3" box="[561,716,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a combination of the Greek “mikros” for small, and “akantha” for thorn, alluding to the minute crenulations on the preopercle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C02756EFCDE94F59958C7E7" author="Swainson, W." box="[870,1048,477,503]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref13157" refString="Swainson, W. (1839) On the Natural History and Classification of Fishes, Amphibians, & Reptiles, or Monocardian animals. Vol. 2. Spottiswoode & Co., London, 427 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 62140" type="book" year="1839">Swainson 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35465071C02756EFF7F97299FCBC5B7" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C02756EFF7F97299906C4BB" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFF7F97299C7BC40B" bold="true" box="[199,315,513,539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The various genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFDF797299FBFC40B" box="[591,767,513,539]" family="Microcanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Microcanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are readily separated on the basis of dorsal- and anal-fin counts, scale morphology, body shape, and general coloration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFCE4970D9EF2C42F" authorityName="Thominot" authorityYear="1881" box="[860,946,549,575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Tilodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFCE4970D9EF2C42F" box="[860,946,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tilodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFC51970E9911C42F" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1905" box="[1001,1105,550,575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Neatypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFC51970E9911C42F" box="[1001,1105,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Neatypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFAE0970D9D9FC473" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Atypichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFAE0970D9D9FC473" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Atypichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFEA197619CF4C473" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[281,436,585,611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFEA197619CF4C473" box="[281,436,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having ten dorsal fin spines (versus
|
||
<quantity id="4CB69B691C02756EFCC097619EF2C473" box="[888,946,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFC029761997DC473" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[954,1085,585,611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Atypichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFC029761997DC473" box="[954,1085,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Atypichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFBCF97619851C473" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[1143,1297,585,611]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFBCF97619851C473" box="[1143,1297,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and higher dorsal-and anal-fin ray counts. The four genera can be separated further on the basis of colour patterns, in having either vertical or oblique bars versus horizontal or near-horizontal stripes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A091C02756EFC6E97B99979C4BB" box="[982,1081,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1845,1870]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,957,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[154,1433,957,1820]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genera of Microcanthidae. Tilodon and Neatypus are monotypic. A) Tilodon sexfasciatus, in situ photograph from Blairgowrie, Victoria, Australia; B) Neatypus obliquus, in situ photograph from Bunbury, Western Australia; C) Microcanthus joyceae, in situ photograph from Magic Point, Maroubra, New South Wales, Australia; and D) Atypichthys strigatus, in situ photograph from Henry Head, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Photographs by S. Schulz (A), C. Mark (B), and E. Schlogl (C & D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3904880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3904880/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF1368C1C02756EFF7F979D9FCBC5B7" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,935]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The lateral-line scales of at least
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFD86979D9F98C4DF" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[574,728,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFD86979D9F98C4DF" box="[574,728,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFD50979D9E2BC4DF" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[744,875,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Atypichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFD50979D9E2BC4DF" box="[744,875,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Atypichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFC1B979D9EB9C4DF" authorityName="Thominot" authorityYear="1881" box="[931,1017,693,719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Tilodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFC1B979D9EB9C4DF" box="[931,1017,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tilodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are heavily obscured by overlapping adjacent scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13752A091C02756EFEF497F19CEDC4E3" box="[332,429,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1241,1266]" captionTargetBox="[161,1426,181,1216]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[161,1426,181,1216]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral-line scales of: A) Scorpis lineolatus (Scorpididae), AMS I.48993-001, 55.3 mm SL; B) Microcanthus joyceae (Microcanthidae), AMS I.48994-001, 64.2 mm SL; C) Atypichthys strigatus (Microcanthidae), AMS I.48992-001, 93.9 mm SL. Drawings on right show portion of lateral line and adjacent scales. Lateral-line scales are show in dark grey; scale bars indicate 2 mm. Photographs by Y.K. Tea; drawings by A.C. Gill." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3904882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3904882/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This appears to be an ontogenetic character, as juveniles have mostly unobscured lateralline scales, but these become increasingly obscured in larger specimens. This character is not found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFA8C97D698DCC507" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1905" box="[1332,1436,766,791]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Neatypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFA8C97D698DCC507" box="[1332,1436,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Neatypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(checked for and examined in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F5882E1C02756EFE5D96099F7CC52B" box="[485,572,801,827]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFDE7960A9E69C52B" authority="Waite" authorityName="Waite" authorityYear="1905" box="[607,809,801,827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Neatypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obliquus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFDE7960A9F9FC52B" box="[607,735,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">N. obliquus</emphasis>
|
||
Waite
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; AMS I.7034). Whether it is a synapomorphy supporting a relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFE21966D9F73C54F" authorityName="Swainson (Stripey" authorityYear="1839" box="[409,563,837,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFE21966D9F73C54F" box="[409,563,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFDF9966D9F84C54F" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[577,708,837,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Atypichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFDF9966D9F84C54F" box="[577,708,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Atypichthys</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFD42966D9E10C54F" authorityName="Thominot" authorityYear="1881" box="[762,848,837,863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Tilodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFD42966D9E10C54F" box="[762,848,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Tilodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
requires more investigation. We tentatively consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFF2F96419F40C594" authority="Kaup (1863)" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,512,873,900]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Helotosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="servus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFF2F96419C2CC593" box="[151,364,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Helotosoma servus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C02756EFEC996419F40C594" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[369,512,873,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 162" refId="ref11999" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1863) Uber einige japanische Fische. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, 1, 161 - 162." type="journal article" year="1863">Kaup (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFD0C96419E90C594" authority="Kaup (1863)" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1863" box="[692,976,873,900]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Helotosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFD0C96419E7BC593" box="[692,827,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Helotosoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B7D1C02756EFCF996419E90C594" author="Kaup, J. J." box="[833,976,873,900]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="161 - 162" refId="ref11999" refString="Kaup, J. J. (1863) Uber einige japanische Fische. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde, 1, 161 - 162." type="journal article" year="1863">Kaup (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFB2B964198D5C593" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1171,1429,873,899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFB2B964198D5C593" box="[1171,1429,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Microcanthus strigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See Remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D0F1C02756EFEE196A69CA0C5B7" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[345,480,910,935]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Kyphosidae" genus="Microcanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strigatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93AEA9E1C02756EFEE196A69CA0C5B7" box="[345,480,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">M. strigatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |