224 lines
24 KiB
XML
224 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="987D2D435B660B0CCCD7D038ED488F46" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d24b073d-c822-4ac5-a1b0-4e35bae68d28" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="223857" ID-ZooBank="D6621784-A587-4E75-8826-B9E6C39BCA3E" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460626360291" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Larsen, Torben B." docDate="2013" docId="03CB87D1FFF5FF93FF205406FBF1FE78" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p488.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ceratricula semilutea subsp. congdoni Larsen, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="483" masterDocId="FFF2FFA9FFF0FF94FFB7525CFF8EFFFF" masterDocTitle="Ceratricula and Flandria — two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis )) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler" masterLastPageNumber="488" masterPageNumber="476" pageNumber="481" updateTime="1698334242480" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="0E70F1534706ACDFA896F6804A227C8C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9C2E5343899F7462B72ADDE63653B138">
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<mods:title id="84484A1967C2DB512A965F15F3D3BDD1">Ceratricula and Flandria — two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis )) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="214A503D70AB16CF7C26B5E03146D9DC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D7BC185BE2C48A3DB8CF2EDAAC35CB8C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C028BC52513448F9F188FD8C473C7B49">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9A558A5912222664185F4E73AC840680">Larsen, Torben B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E4084498889E9DD830291C3D93FC5392">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A500E042C46A08ABA1A983073E0B6DA">
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<mods:title id="9756E9BF9DE38E2B7E2B1EF3491D64CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C619E81733376F8F964EFB9B9369CB11">
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<mods:date id="6D364E247090622B0AA9B0A3B3AADBD4">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6514C853B34DD860EEDA4AB55590664D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="322EE9630FB9639EE4C2921054862074">3666</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="52BB4772F6D6D476FEC953C4A5C480D4" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C53D65A9A4417E91B6D70865E040F28E">4</mods:number>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="CDAABFA26332A0FA38637D9667E771B5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AE51C072B6115AE112509E335198236E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BA9FF59B416FE3CD3A86AAD5E4E93917" type="GBIF-Dataset">d24b073d-c822-4ac5-a1b0-4e35bae68d28</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="946FA7EDF8AE0B8BD1C7FE37DEF08F4C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="712837F490C6183FF986904189D42401" type="Zenodo-Dep">223857</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A325E2291EB6B9291AB0F3CB91AA6772" type="ZooBank">D6621784-A587-4E75-8826-B9E6C39BCA3E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03CB87D1FFF5FF93FF205406FBF1FE78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145052" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119569557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145052" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB87D1FFF5FF93FF205406FBF1FE78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB87D1FFF5FF93FF205406FBF1FE78" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF5FF91FF205406FD6DF98B" box="[151,739,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF5FF91FF205406FD6DF98B" blockId="5.[151,739,1626,1652]" box="[151,739,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<heading id="D09581ABFFF5FF91FF205406FD6DF98B" bold="true" box="[151,739,1626,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF5FF91FF205406FD6DF98B" bold="true" box="[151,739,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF5FF91FF205406FDFDF98B" authority="Larsen" authorityName="Larsen" box="[151,627,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="semilutea" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="congdoni">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF5FF91FF205406FD9DF98B" bold="true" box="[151,531,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Ceratricula semilutea congdoni</emphasis>
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Larsen
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22557AEFFF5FF91FDCD5406FD6DF98B" box="[634,739,1626,1652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF5FF91FF2054FEFA18F946" box="[151,1430,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF5FF91FF2054FEFA18F946" blockId="5.[151,1437,1697,2009]" box="[151,1430,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF5FF91FF2054FEFEBBF945" bold="true" box="[151,309,1697,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF5FF91FF2054FEFF5CF945" box="[151,210,1698,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF5FF91FE8B54FDFE18F946" box="[316,406,1697,1721]" name="Uganda" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, Katera Forest (T.H.E. Jackson leg).
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF5FF91FC8654FEFCE7F945" box="[817,873,1698,1722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Type</typeStatus>
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depository: 3 British Museum (Natural History).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF5FF92FF705499FBB0FB0E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF5FF92FF705499FE1DFE53" blockId="5.[151,1437,1697,2009]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,428]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="482" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF5FF91FF705499FED7F921" bold="true" box="[199,345,1733,1758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing
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<quantity id="4C9A9B22FFF5FF91FE645499FDC2F922" box="[467,588,1733,1757]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
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– but the size varies, with occasional tiny specimens (as small as 8.5 mm). The forewing upperside is black with limited or wholly absent hyaline spotting. The subapical spot in 6 is usually present; there may be one or two additional tiny spots in the forewing cell and/or spaces 8, 7, 3, 2, and 1b (one, more, or even all of which may be missing, especially in males). The
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF5FF91FC19556DFB9EF8B6" box="[942,1040,1841,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="481" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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has slightly more than the average degree of spotting. The hindwing has a broad black costa that just penetrates the upper part of the cell; the rest of the hindwing is a soft ochreous-yellow. There is an ochreous-brown basal recumbent hair-tuft covering an androconial area at the base of vein 2. The forewing underside is strongly overlaid with ochreous scaling in the subapical area and usually has a small spot in space 1b, but is otherwise like the upperside. The hindwing underside is an unusual yellow-beige, distinctly lighter than the tone of the upperside (even described as “whitish” by Congdon & Collins (1998)). This colour difference comes across well in figure 4. There is a variable amount of fine brown speckling that in well-marked specimens can be seen almost to form very loose postdiscal and submarginal bands; in such specimens these seem to be faint remnants of a large cell-spot and a postdiscal band that no longer exist on the upperside, and somewhat reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FC665374FBD3FEBF" box="[977,1117,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Pardaleodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FC665374FBD3FEBF" box="[977,1117,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Pardaleodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The most prominent (but variable) brown markings are a more-or-less triangular patch at the end of the cell, a larger quadrangular patch in 1b, and a third submarginal patch in the tornal area. The cilia is darkened in the apical area, reflecting the black costa of the upperside.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF1D664FFFF6FF92FF2051AEFE47FB9A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/223861/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" targetBox="[178,1424,491,967]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF2051AEFE47FB9A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1010,1125]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF2051AEFE9DFBF7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1010,1033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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Males of the three subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FDD051AFFCCAFBF6" box="[615,836,1011,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FDD051AFFCCAFBF6" box="[615,836,1011,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Ceratricula semilutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(upperside left, underside right).
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FB2E51AFFB25FBF7" bold="true" box="[1177,1195,1011,1032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">A</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FB0F51AFFA12FBF6" box="[1208,1436,1011,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="semilutea" subSpecies="congdoni">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FB0F51AFFA12FBF6" box="[1208,1436,1011,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C. semilutea congdoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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3 holotype Uganda, Katera Forest (NHM);
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FDC7564EFD0FFBD8" bold="true" box="[624,641,1042,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">B</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FD25564EFCF0FBD8" box="[658,894,1041,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="semilutea" subSpecies="congdoni">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FD25564EFCF0FBD8" box="[658,894,1041,1063]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C. semilutea congdoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Ƥ paratype Uganda, Katera Forest (NHM);
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FAD6564DFAFDFBD7" bold="true" box="[1377,1395,1041,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FA33564EFEEEFBB9" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="semilutea" subSpecies="semilutea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FA33564EFEEEFBB9" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C. semilutea semilutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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3 Nigeria, Ilaro Forest (ZMUC/tbl gen. tbl BOL);
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FCC4566DFC0BFBB9" bold="true" box="[883,901,1073,1094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">D</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FC24566DFB4EFBB9" box="[915,1216,1072,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="semilutea" subSpecies="indeterminabilis">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FC24566DFB4EFBB9" box="[915,1216,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C. semilutea indeterminabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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3 Cameroun, Ebogo (ABRI gen. tbl BKF/scc 659).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF7056CDFBB0FB0E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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Females of all subspecies are almost identical with the males. On balance they are slightly larger, with stronger hyaline spotting, and with more ochreous scaling on the forewing underside subapical area, but not consistently; they may also be smaller and almost unspotted as in the
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF6FF92FCBA5686FCE3FB0D" box="[781,877,1242,1266]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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figured (figure 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF6FF92FF7056A2FEEFFA5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF7056A2FB4AFAC6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF7056A2FEFCFAE9" bold="true" box="[199,370,1277,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF6FF92FF7056A2FE8EFAE9" box="[199,256,1278,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF6FF92FECD56A1FE6CFAEA" box="[378,482,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: 3
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FDBB56A1FDE8FAEA" box="[524,614,1277,1301]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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, Katera Forest,
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<date id="FFDC1007FFF6FF92FCA356A1FCFFFAEA" box="[788,881,1277,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" value="1937-07">vii.1937</date>
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(NHM).
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF6FF92FC6F56A2FBCBFAE9" box="[984,1093,1278,1302]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 9 3 1♀ from Katera Forest, Tero Forest, and Bwindi (NHM); 10 3 Minziro (ABRI); 3 3 Minziro (coll. James Stewart);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF705719FEEFFA5A" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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Only material from
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FE1E5719FD8EFAA2" box="[425,512,1349,1373]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Uganda</collectingCountry>
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and the adjacent Minziro Forest in northwestern
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FB995719FB1DFAA2" box="[1070,1171,1349,1373]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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has been designated as formal
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<typeStatus id="54D98865FFF6FF92FF5E5736FED9FA7D" box="[233,343,1386,1410]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, but material from Orientale, Kivu, and Shaba Provinces in the
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FB915735FBEEFA7E" box="[1062,1120,1385,1409]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">DRC</collectingCountry>
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and from forests in western
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<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FF2057D1FF62FA5A" box="[151,236,1421,1445]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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is similar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF6FF93FF7057EDFCA0FF08" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF7057EDFB45F9CA" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF7057EDFECFFA35" bold="true" box="[199,321,1457,1482]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The new subspecies differs from the nominate ssp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FC2357EEFB8EFA35" box="[916,1024,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FC2357EEFB8EFA35" box="[916,1024,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">semilutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in West Africa by the lighter softer, ochreous-yellow of the hindwing upperside and the even lighter beige-yellow underside, which in ssp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FAA0578AFA0CFA11" box="[1303,1410,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FAA0578AFA0CFA11" box="[1303,1410,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">semilutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is bright yellow with a tone similar to that of the upperside. A further difference is that the brown patch on the hindwing underside is missing from the cell and reduced or absent in space 1c of ssp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FBEE5442FB4AF9C9" box="[1113,1220,1566,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
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<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FBEE5442FB4AF9C9" box="[1113,1220,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">semilutea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF92FF70541EFA8BF83E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
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Evans (1937) was the first to link
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FDD6541EFC75F9A6" authority="Strand" authorityName="Strand" box="[609,1019,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indeterminabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FDD6541EFC29F9A5" box="[609,935,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Ceratrichia indeterminabilis</emphasis>
|
||
Strand
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FBFF541DFB32F9A6" box="[1096,1212,1601,1625]" name="Cameroon" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Cameroun</collectingCountry>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FAB3541EFA1BF9A5" box="[1284,1429,1602,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FAB3541EFA1BF9A5" box="[1284,1429,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">C. semilutea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, considering it a junior synonym. It is raised to subspecies rank below. This is usually larger than the other two subspecies and differs from both in having a full and well-developed upperside spotting, in the cell and spaces 6–8 (spots almost in line), 3, 2, and 1b. The hindwing upperside ground-colour is not as warm ochreous as in ssp
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF20548EFE8EF915" box="[151,256,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">congdoni</emphasis>
|
||
though the hindwing underside is similar, with a light yellow-beige tone differing strongly from ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF6FF92FF2054AAFE8CF8F1" box="[151,258,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semilutea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF2054AAFE8CF8F1" box="[151,258,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">semilutea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The underside of the forewing subapical area has some ochreous dusting, but less than in ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FA9B54AAFA1AF8F1" box="[1324,1428,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">congdoni</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FF205546FE41F8CD" bold="true" box="[151,463,1817,1842]" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Range, habitat and habits</emphasis>
|
||
: Ssp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF6FF92FDA05546FDF1F8CD" box="[535,639,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">congdoni</emphasis>
|
||
is the most eastern and southern of the three subspecies, covering the Albertine Rift area along the eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FD8D5561FDFAF8AA" box="[570,628,1853,1877]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FCBC5561FCEBF8AA" box="[779,869,1853,1877]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
, extending into the Minziro Forest complex in the extreme northwest of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FE3C553DFE7DF886" box="[395,499,1889,1913]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which is the easternmost extension of the true equatorial forests in that country, but missing from the Mpanda and Kigoma districts further south, which are probably too dry. It is also found in western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FF4255F5FEC4F83E" box="[245,330,1961,1985]" name="Zambia" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Mwinilunga area) and much of Shaba, west to near the Angolan border in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FB7355F5FA8FF83E" box="[1220,1281,1961,1985]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">DRC</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF6FF93FF705591FCA0FF08" blockId="6.[151,1436,1169,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,391]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">
|
||
The subspecies tends to be rather local, but in the forests of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF6FF92FCE85591FC38F81A" box="[863,950,1997,2021]" name="Uganda" pageId="6" pageNumber="482">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
it seems to be more frequent and numerous than either of the two other subspecies ever is. In the Minziro Forests in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF7FF93FB2752CBFB7BFF50" box="[1168,1269,151,175]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
it was widely distributed in grassy areas (low soft grasses), often coming to flowers, flying higher above the ground than the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF7FF93FF2052BCFE94FF07" box="[151,282,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratrichia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF7FF93FF2052BCFE94FF07" box="[151,282,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">Ceratrichia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same habitat (Congdon & Collins 1998).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C378654CFFF7FF93FF705358FBF1FE78" pageId="7" pageNumber="483" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDD36C7FFF7FF93FF705358FBF1FE78" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,391]" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF7FF93FF705358FEC0FEE3" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
It is a pleasure to dedicate this subspecies to Colin Congdon whose contributions to our knowledge of East African butterflies are prodigious, including the discovery of several new species and the breeding of many species not previously bred. He also improved our understanding of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C624D44FFF7FF93FB5F5310FAE5FE9B" box="[1256,1387,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ceratricula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B916EAD5FFF7FF93FB5F5310FAE5FE9B" box="[1256,1387,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">Ceratricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and recorded this new subspecies from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3757657FFF7FF93FD965333FD08FE78" box="[545,646,367,391]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="483">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the first time (Congdon & Collins 1998).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |