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<document id="B63827126528D366C61A96422D138297" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad113" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240975" ID-ZooBank="3BD9090F-DFD4-47B0-9CA8-E46CE67D4B98" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1716363357279" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lepeco, Anderson &amp; Melo, Gabriel A. R." docDate="2024" docId="A9350136845FBB28FF00FE78FE017C26" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad113.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/d31a8eb3-d55c-3269-8d9a-4fae8ddd621b/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.5:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Pristapanesiinae Engel 2013" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="550C794E8451BB26FFDBFFFBFFCA7A20" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the phylogeny of the scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) through Bayesian model evaluation and parsimony, with description of a new fossil family of Chrysidoidea" masterLastPageNumber="85" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1716364614107" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="481BF971268CA86439CC6AF3C7166AFE">Revisiting the phylogeny of the scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) through Bayesian model evaluation and parsimony, with description of a new fossil family of Chrysidoidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15910FD7464E50792F9EDF82BC0C792E">Lepeco, Anderson</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC6F48B0AEDD0B79031F37C6483DEFA2">Laboratório de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. 14040 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5D697A03C8749968589525883EADECA6">Melo, Gabriel A. R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F90A16FC54F82392F4A612FC5460D185">Laboratório de Biologia Comparada de Hymenoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="AA493429860C020901CA1670C5A16B39">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF00FE78FD647BBD" blockId="14.[219,686,386,414]" box="[219,686,386,414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="7A6B074C845FBB28FF00FE78FD647BBD" bold="true" box="[219,686,386,414]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" reason="3">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF00FE78FD647BBD" bold="true" box="[219,686,386,414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE90FE78FD647BBD" authority="Engel et al., 2013" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2013" box="[331,686,386,414]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pristapanesiinae">
Pristapanesiinae
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE25FE7FFD647BBD" author="Engel MS &amp; Ortega-Blanco J &amp; McKellar RC" box="[510,686,386,414]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="31 - 42" refId="ref25618" refString="Engel MS, Ortega-Blanco J, McKellar RC. New scolebythid wasps in Cretaceous amber from Spain and Canada, with implications for the phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae). Cretaceous Research 2013; 46: 31 - 42." type="journal article" year="2013">
Engel
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FDE4FE79FDA27BBE" bold="true" box="[575,616,386,414]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
., 2013
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6986E3AB845FBB28FF5AFE3EFE017C26" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF5AFE3EFDC87BFC" blockId="14.[129,514,452,476]" box="[129,514,452,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF5AFE3EFF387BFC" box="[129,242,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="FE270E82845FBB28FF5AFE3EFF7B7BFC" box="[129,177,453,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF26FE3EFE347BFC" authority="Brues, 1933" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" box="[253,510,452,476]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Pristapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF26FE3EFEB77BFC" box="[253,381,453,476]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Pristapenesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE59FE3FFE347BFC" author="Brues CT" box="[386,510,452,476]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="4 - 178" refId="ref25173" refString="Brues CT. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber, Part 1. Bernstein Forschungen 1933; 3: 4 - 178." type="journal article" year="1933">Brues, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF5AFE06FD617892" blockId="14.[129,778,509,690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF5AFE06FEED7835" box="[129,295,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Included genera:</emphasis>
†
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE94FE06FCCF7835" authority="Lepeco and Melo, 2022 a" authorityName="Lepeco and Melo" authorityYear="2022" box="[335,773,509,533]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Acanthabythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FE94FE06FE2B7835" box="[335,481,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Acanthabythus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE34FE05FCCF7835" author="Lepeco A &amp; Melo GAR" box="[495,773,509,533]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="105232" refId="ref26295" refString="Lepeco A, Melo GAR. Mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar reveals a rich diversity of extinct scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Cretaceous Research 2022 a; 137: 105232." type="journal article" year="2022">Lepeco and Melo, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF55FDE6FDDB7815" authority="Lepeco and Melo, 2022 a" authorityName="Lepeco and Melo" authorityYear="2022" box="[142,529,541,565]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Arcapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF55FDE6FEC97814" box="[142,259,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Arcapenesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FED0FDE6FDDB7815" author="Lepeco A &amp; Melo GAR" box="[267,529,541,565]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="105232" refId="ref26295" refString="Lepeco A, Melo GAR. Mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar reveals a rich diversity of extinct scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Cretaceous Research 2022 a; 137: 105232." type="journal article" year="2022">Lepeco and Melo, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FDF0FDE6FEF87874" authority="Lepeco and Melo, 2022" authorityName="Lepeco and Melo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Burmapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FDF0FDE6FD7C7814" box="[555,694,541,564]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Burmapenesia</emphasis>
Lepeco and Melo, 2022
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE8AFDC7FCCF7874" authority="Lepeco and Melo, 2022 a" authorityName="Lepeco and Melo" authorityYear="2022" box="[337,773,572,596]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Cephalobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FE8AFDC7FE287874" box="[337,482,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Cephalobythus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE34FDC7FCCF7874" author="Lepeco A &amp; Melo GAR" box="[495,773,572,596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="105232" refId="ref26295" refString="Lepeco A, Melo GAR. Mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar reveals a rich diversity of extinct scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Cretaceous Research 2022 a; 137: 105232." type="journal article" year="2022">Lepeco and Melo, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF55FDA0FE0D7853" authority="Lacau et al., 2000" authorityName="Lacau" authorityYear="2000" box="[142,455,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Eobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF55FDA0FF227853" box="[142,232,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Eobythus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FF2CFDA7FE0D7853" author="Lacau S &amp; Nel A &amp; Villemant C" box="[247,455,603,627]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="701 - 6" refId="ref26214" refString="Lacau S, Nel A, Villemant C et al. A fossil Scolebythidae from the lowermost Eocene amber of France (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 2000; 93: 701 - 6." type="journal article" year="2000">
Lacau
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FE98FDA7FEBC7853" box="[323,374,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">et al</emphasis>
., 2000
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE33FDA0FECE78B3" authority="Lepeco and Melo, 2022 a" authorityName="Lepeco and Melo" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Gnathapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FE33FDA0FDB07853" box="[488,634,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Gnathapenesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FD53FDA7FECE78B3" author="Lepeco A &amp; Melo GAR" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="105232" refId="ref26295" refString="Lepeco A, Melo GAR. Mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar reveals a rich diversity of extinct scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). Cretaceous Research 2022 a; 137: 105232." type="journal article" year="2022">Lepeco and Melo, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FECBFD80FDDD78B3" authority="Brues, 1933" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1933" box="[272,535,635,659]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Pristapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FECBFD80FE5A78B2" box="[272,400,635,658]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Pristapenesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE43FD80FDDD78B3" author="Brues CT" box="[408,535,635,659]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="4 - 178" refId="ref25173" refString="Brues CT. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Baltic amber, Part 1. Bernstein Forschungen 1933; 3: 4 - 178." type="journal article" year="1933">Brues, 1933</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FDEBFD80FED57892" authority="Engel and Grimaldi, 2007" authorityName="Engel and Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Uliobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FDEBFD80FD5078B3" box="[560,666,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Uliobythus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FD79FD80FED57892" author="Engel MS &amp; Grimaldi DA" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref25588" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. Cretaceous Scolebythidae and phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). American Museum Novitates 2007; 3568: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">Engel and Grimaldi, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FEEDFD60FD6C7892" authority="Engel and Grimaldi, 2007" authorityName="Engel and Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" box="[310,678,666,690]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Zapenesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FEEDFD60FE537892" box="[310,409,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Zapenesia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1845FBB28FE45FD61FD6C7892" author="Engel MS &amp; Grimaldi DA" box="[414,678,666,690]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref25588" refString="Engel MS, Grimaldi DA. Cretaceous Scolebythidae and phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea). American Museum Novitates 2007; 3568: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2007">Engel and Grimaldi, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF5AFD2FFE6A7E25" blockId="14.[129,778,723,1029]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF5AFD2FFF2F78CB" box="[129,229,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pedicel with two distinctly long setae, longer than apical width of pedicel, in addition to short setae; dorsal portion of eye distinctly narrowed in relation to ventral one; hypostomal bridge very long, more than 2.0× basal width of mandible; metapostnotum not visible externally or with medial portion extending onto propodeum; propodeal spiracle contiguous with metapleural line; longest setae on metatibia longer than 2× maximum tibial width; forewing with submarginal and medial cells not enclosed by tubular veins; tubular portion of vein C restricted to base of hindwing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF06FBCBFD667E6A" blockId="14.[221,684,1072,1098]" box="[221,684,1072,1098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF06FBCBFD667E6A" bold="true" box="[221,684,1072,1098]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
Taxa presently removed from
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FDCDFBCBFD667E6A" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1963" box="[534,684,1072,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scolebythidae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2123B020845FBB28FF5AFBACFE017C26" blockId="14.[129,778,1111,1542]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">
In recent years, many fossil taxa have been assigned to
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF5AFB8DFED97EAE" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1963" box="[129,275,1142,1166]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scolebythidae</taxonomicName>
, but some of them belong to other aculeate groups and are here formally removed from
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FDDAFB6EFD5E7E8D" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1963" box="[513,660,1173,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scolebythidae</taxonomicName>
. Except for †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF55FB4EFECC7EED" authorityName="Engel and Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" box="[142,262,1205,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Boreobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF55FB4EFECC7EED" box="[142,262,1205,1229]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Boreobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have not examined their respective
<typeStatus id="FE270E82845FBB28FD77FB4EFD107EED" box="[684,730,1205,1229]" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
material and our interpretation is based mainly on the descriptions and images presented in the original articles and on the results of the present analyses (see Supporting Information, File C,
<figureCitation id="B9A7ACA5845FBB28FD04FAE8FF517F6A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="7.[115,180,1345,1369]" captionTargetBox="[114,1458,145,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-247@7.[113,1460,144,1318]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree showing the relationships obtained from parsimony analysis under implied-weighting (k = 3). Black and white hashmarks indicate unique and homoplastic changes, respectively.Only unambiguous changes are shown. Habitus of †Chrysopsenella euryphaessa gen.et sp. nov.shown within blue frame.Habitus of †Cephalobythus clypeatus Lepeco and Melo, 2022 shown within orange frame." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240977/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Figs S1</figureCitation>
, S
<figureCitation id="B9A7ACA5845FBB28FF6FFAC9FF0B7F6A" box="[180,193,1330,1354]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="8.[129,194,1078,1102]" captionTargetBox="[133,1460,145,1047]" captionTargetId="figure-439@8.[128,1475,144,1050]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees obtained from Parsimony analyses.A, under equal weights. B, under implied weighting (k = 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240979/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">2</figureCitation>
). In the case of taxa described from Burmese amber, we also had the opportunity to study additional inclusions that fit the described taxa. In summary, the genera †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FDB9FA8AFD107FA9" authorityName="Engel and Grimaldi" authorityYear="2007" box="[610,730,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Boreobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FDB9FA8AFD107FA9" box="[610,730,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Boreobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF55FA6BFEDD7F88" authorityName="Cockx and McKellar" authorityYear="2016" box="[142,279,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Cursoribythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF55FA6BFEDD7F88" box="[142,279,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Cursoribythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were moved to
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE0EFA6BFD8E7F88" box="[469,580,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
, while the genera †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF55FA54FEC57FE7" box="[142,271,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Ectenobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FF55FA54FEC57FE7" box="[142,271,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Ectenobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FEF2FA54FE687FE7" box="[297,418,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Necrobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FEF2FA54FE687FE7" box="[297,418,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Necrobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and †
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FE31FA54FD497FE7" box="[490,643,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Sphakelobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="13E86C32845FBB28FE31FA54FD497FE7" box="[490,643,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="71">Sphakelobythus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were moved to
<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3845FBB28FF40FA35FED07FC6" box="[155,282,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
. Characters linking those taxa to their respective families are listed in Appendix 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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