357 lines
32 KiB
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357 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="100335" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fc6193c-cd79-4419-a24e-7c5545e0bd30" ID-PMC="PMC9848802" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1113-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" ID-PubMed="36762231" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1113-1" checkinTime="1658252710949" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe, Dahlgren, Thomas G., Amon, Diva J., Cairns, Stephen, Drennan, Regan, Durden, Jennifer M., Eleaume, Marc P., Hosie, Andrew M., Kremenetskaia, Antonina, McQuaid, Kirsty, O'Hara, Timothy D., Rabone, Muriel, Simon-Lledo, Erik, Smith, Craig R., Watling, Les, Wiklund, Helena & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2022" docId="B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1113: 1-110" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1113" docPubDate="2022-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172" docTitle="Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A" masterDocTitle="Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669336981" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="77D2F2EC5768117F0C62A4F77103F026">Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA8B8954B8D77C819C3F1685261B1403">Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A" ID-GBIF-Taxon="197823836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B306AD78526D5D6F912E2D5CAD3DDF6A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Polychaeta" scope_family="Aphroditidae" scope_order="Phyllodocida" scope_phylum="Annelida" scope_subOrder="Aphroditiformia">
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<subSubSection id="98311041A7DB168A6C3E3D6484A010DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C2BD11339C90FF3CF3CCF9BB4DE5C360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="A34C73612739174893FBBF5E53DC8A86" ID-CoL="7Q6ZF" LSID="B306AD78-526D-5D6F-912E-2D5CAD3DDF6A" authority="stet. CCZ _ 065" authorityName="stet. CCZ _ 065" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoroaster" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Zoroaster stet. CCZ_065</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B35BA45F82FD6404584F70E51026E6B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="7DA5791B760E1B66CE440F60EC32DE99" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065 A in situ image B abactinal view of whole specimen C detail of abactinal surface D detail of actinal surface before preservation. Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 2 cm (B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716353" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="77D8509497247F94DE0223228C250FD6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2AD61DF6FBE1C5DFA4FA0A847CBFC5C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="07E4662B6ACDB41C9A537E59F959AA28" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="CB85FC26803C77C27F991EAE8DE500FA" accessionNumber="ON400691, ON406607" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectorName="Smith, Durden, GenBank, Voucher" elevation="3132" latitude="4.8877" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-141.7569" specimenCount="1">
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Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
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<specimenCount id="C484992AD1C458CD34A64AEFCCC687FB" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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; APEI 7;
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<geoCoordinate id="6F51B0E52FA55D8DCB364E326E5BA707" degrees="4.8877" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="4.8877">4.8877°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="842DB11D4466BF784A99D07EF42547FD" degrees="141.7569" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-141.7569">141.7569°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
;
|
|
<quantity id="11E44ACEC2708608762DFCD366DDF74D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.132" unit="m" value="3132.0">
|
|
<elevation id="63D1BBA9D24484936F82F9554A7BC76E" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.132" unit="m" value="3132.0">3132 m</elevation>
|
|
</quantity>
|
|
deep;
|
|
<collectingDate id="5E4EFF61E749D8F64A9088816DE63593" value="2018-05-27">27 May. 2018</collectingDate>
|
|
;
|
|
<collectorName id="2B4EA64505CA57A515984EC37F4805E7">Smith</collectorName>
|
|
&
|
|
<collectorName id="4BD547672D14EB51C211670B5B844142">Durden</collectorName>
|
|
leg.;
|
|
<collectorName id="C2EB2DC47C2324DF753315E9B573C6AF">GenBank</collectorName>
|
|
:
|
|
<accessionNumber id="6C2F5EAB4549834D5139411529A777D3" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON400691">ON400691</accessionNumber>
|
|
(COI),
|
|
<accessionNumber id="8FCF5EDF1F88EF56871AA1C8EFF57F45" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ON406607">ON406607</accessionNumber>
|
|
(16S); NHMUK 2022.78;
|
|
<collectorName id="BC1754760B3291212F780458FB1B5942">Voucher</collectorName>
|
|
code: CCZ_065
|
|
</materialsCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0BAE37BC00BC253E7D3EC9F0A3FB9F22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="692449A53246114593FA5938971785FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DB894FB4F238C8CA20D478DF118094B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Single specimen (R = 16.6 cm, r = 1.3 cm). Actinal and abactinal surfaces are bright orange when alive, with ambulacrum slightly darker orange (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="79C1B958F05744B86E72A7A71FF5186B" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065 A in situ image B abactinal view of whole specimen C detail of abactinal surface D detail of actinal surface before preservation. Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 2 cm (B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716353" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A-D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Small disc; with five long, slender arms, gradually tapering distally (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="F0221CF7A416996EB32912FFDF8F9B51" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065 A in situ image B abactinal view of whole specimen C detail of abactinal surface D detail of actinal surface before preservation. Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 2 cm (B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716353" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Carinal plates bear conical primary spines, forming a single longitudinal row that runs along the arm (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="B9D2E4BBD99BB5E352B1C54BDB8322ED" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Zoroaster stet. CCZ _ 065 A in situ image B abactinal view of whole specimen C detail of abactinal surface D detail of actinal surface before preservation. Scale bars: 3 cm (A); 2 cm (B); 5 mm (C, D). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (A); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (B-D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716353" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="65783EDBAE5538951232DDA7704165BE" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716353" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
|
<paragraph id="104F4F8C0569231163034A9993F4ABC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="C96AEE43ACF519D3AC6ED73C827DB62C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF496E696A4CECAE221CEED52DD24271" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoroaster" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="93129E1616BB35210A768A37CCEE8FE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zoroaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_065
|
|
<emphasis id="A0C4567A9FA184BB9097760BC83BE40E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
in situ image
|
|
<emphasis id="FF998DE67FA0F9CEFFDD1929DDDF3F89" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
abactinal view of whole specimen
|
|
<emphasis id="CDD134D7F956A21D984940E2B9620179" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
|
detail of abactinal surface
|
|
<emphasis id="3C6AD30AF319F155CEDB32A57BCD9507" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
|
detail of actinal surface before preservation. Scale bars: 3 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="FC33F387583087901B5FFC994E01B080" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); 2 cm (
|
|
<emphasis id="3396401FF9EC14DF3D4C18936DA0AACF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
|
); 5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis id="E7C1D1ED034FE59B1C739BDDF686A892" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
|
|
<emphasis id="1C81727CD6070795427878AAA22C4ED5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
|
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
|
|
<emphasis id="5B388D9776CF3662EB155E2CB9B18BE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="26ADDFEDA6768336929894BAA26AF0C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="1EAF82FB641EFB26BB21CB8AC01E0872" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BCDD2E5DC7A64C65A842DD6E3641378" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Morphological characters are concordant with the description of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2F1042359CF7C5E699EE150A08D0F8C" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoroaster" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="988DCF4AB90E8C6003EE3D761DC59207" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zoroaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The phylogenetic analyses also recovered the specimen in a well-supported clade with other species of the genus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="61C43AE9ED2631200729F072439148B1" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Asteroidea. Concatenated (12 S, 16 S, 18 S, COI, and H 3) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">24</figureCitation>
|
|
). However, COI divergence between species in the genus is very low (K2P distance ≈ 1-2%) and species-level clades were not recovered in the phylogeny, preventing us from assigning it to any species based on COI sequences. The closest match to the COI sequence of the CCZ specimen is a sequence from the long-armed morphotype (K2P distance 0.6%, GenBank accession number AY225785.1) identified for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B8DD9CAE21D24A50EFDEABFE9E9C361D" lsidName="Z. fulgens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fulgens">
|
|
<emphasis id="B0DEFEE7C02C55620865C6E69A3449DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z. fulgens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Wyville Thomson, 1873 in the Porcupine Seabight, Atlantic Ocean (
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="A3E967AED859300115A4B2B120270516" degrees="50.1987" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="50.1987">50.1987°N</geoCoordinate>
|
|
,
|
|
<geoCoordinate id="FECC4BA9EBBF074BCD594D4D02F7C0CC" degrees="14.6593" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-14.6593">14.6593°W</geoCoordinate>
|
|
; 4001 m depth;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C850810858282A371511BFFD5696AF44" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1248-8" author="Howell, KL" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="977 - 984" refId="B46" refString="Howell, KL, Rogers, AD, Tyler, PA, Billett, DSM, 2004. Reproductive isolation among morphotypes of the Atlantic seastar species Zoroaster fulgens (Asteroidea: Echinodermata). Marine Biology 144 (5): 977 - 984, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1248-8" title="Reproductive isolation among morphotypes of the Atlantic seastar species Zoroaster fulgens (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-003-1248-8" volume="144" year="2004">Howell et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Although this value is concordant with intraspecific divergence in the genus, the 16S sequences divergence between the CCZ specimen and the long-armed morphotype (K2P 1.1%) is larger than between the long-armed morphotype and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="466D8039DDA28DEAB992F76E14FEBB6B" lsidName="Z. spinulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="330AE61FC3D5F29EAD8D8312971D63DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z. spinulosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Fisher, 1906 (K2P 0.0%) and between
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D254BC9248A1CD429A9E2DDD7E337313" lsidName="Z. spinulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="spinulosus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5D61CE1B5EE287CBE1926C8AE0D5CCED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z. spinulosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="05447F82CD48DF18B80AC100EC9CE963" lsidName="Z. ophiactis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ophiactis">
|
|
<emphasis id="158DC567A29BE7ABF6B6D1BF0DEDCA39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z. ophiactis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Fisher, 1916 (K2P 0.3%).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="374A184F102744F35D0C9B8054FC8F5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="F6D82420FB4B5AA5D08F4608370E400F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7C870130BBA6FB13A069920CC2D298B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specimen was found partially buried in the sediment on the seamount on APEI 7 at 3133 m depth.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="37F5832631E182A4BDEEB3873E9A07C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph id="EAA713372355542D343C94FC297E73E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with image-based catalogue.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3C50BE6FFA7F751BB2B956235BE6A2EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
No similar
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1969B6E74C1B1CE305AA0F88A3E666E8" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1889" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Forcipulatida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Zoroasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
morphotypes have been catalogued so far from seabed imagery in the eastern CCZ nor in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ. Consequently, the in situ image of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EB3C724BCD5C0FB28C57E4955942B570" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoroaster" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Zoroaster</taxonomicName>
|
|
stet. CCZ_065 was catalogued as a new morphotype (i.e.,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1477F3014F1772650E672C69812BAB09" class="Asteroidea" family="Zoroasteridae" genus="Zoroaster" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zoroaster" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="3F84E2FD6B3ED7500ECB13EDCDE070F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zoroaster</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. indet., AST_025).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8C12597D8D90C7F3FEDA87AA54EC228A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="453E2BEED21689A5150BC523059F4159" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Class
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5270DCDFE426E96BC0CA097A70717E46" class="Crinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Crinoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="66709768850301E710E72E07227DCE18" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
To date, there are 66 records of crinoids occurring deeper than 3000 m in the CCZ, with only seven of these representing preserved specimens (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E07B039EBEF28E615C16FCB2FEBACF46" author="O'Loughlin, PM" journalOrPublisher="Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B75" refString="OBIS (2022) Ocean Biodiversity Information System. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO." year="2011">OBIS 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Three specimens, belonging to two species, were collected in the western CCZ. The barcoding gene COI was amplified for all specimens, and sequences were included in a concatenated alignment (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and CytB) used to estimate a phylogenetic tree for the class (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="69F9AD82D0F18360CA9D87C6528436D2" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of Crinoidea. Concatenated (16 S, 18 S, 28 S, COI, and CytB) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716354" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="76CB923FA9E44F6E29F8207F0F902935" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/716354" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
|
<paragraph id="993014E7A0CABB056F2E751B7698B496" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="5F53EA8A7DB3BEBFDC614C15DE6D7865" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
|
Rooted Bayesian phylogeny of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="025CAF5FBCBBD93779CA721DD591804C" class="Crinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Crinoidea</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Concatenated (16S, 18S, 28S, COI, and CytB) median consensus BEAST tree with posterior probability (PP) and bootstrap (BS) values indicated. Only values of PP> 0.70 and BS> 50 are shown, with values of PP> 0.95 and BS> 90 indicated with a circle. Nodes not recovered on the RAxML tree are indicated with a hyphen. Sequences generated in this study are highlighted in violet.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="BDD259D7F731D174EB3570410E262824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="C5D033FCDD12DF354281920B7B827369" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Subclass
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F0B3BE69F002DA6937B5B9491D82DF3" class="Articulata" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Articulata</taxonomicName>
|
|
Zittel, 1879
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7FB89D9DBF429B6ACD3057E62EC85A97" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="50A7CB3D10ED74F5A386A0E7DB393BB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Order
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FF9534FCE0F8B0EB79B4FE0D79D3B885" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">Comatulida</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="96AA668943D46B88E00562846F2BA612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="DCEF79C281928472665775E66B357602" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Suborder
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04A81F6B0C26CD8A25EC49D3A75F5525" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Comatulida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Bourgueticrinina">Bourgueticrinina</taxonomicName>
|
|
Sieverts-Doreck, 1953
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8A52B2111B10AC10A07083BB25DED94C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="B4DE2E650805B8E0E20C817F7863CDF4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9A055E5285DEFE1278AAA62405E72536" class="Crinoidea" family="Phrynocrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Millericrinida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phrynocrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
AH Clark, 1907
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EC496E1AE1993D8E61E7A0CF8AF4988F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="4185C593174F74B5314280B362E94CCC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="257C0F97D7D2ABDB5E1DE2CA5990FF44" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Porphyrocrininae">Porphyrocrininae</taxonomicName>
|
|
AM Clark, 1973
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |