265 lines
33 KiB
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265 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="25" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="5" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFEFB418FEEE9C0DFECDFE58" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Oviraptorosauria Barsbold 1976" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1663160796219" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5123236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5123236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFEFB418FEEE9C0DFECDFE58" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFEFB418FEEE9C0DFECDFE58" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection box="[283,857,637,673]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="40.[279,2051,636,936]" box="[283,857,637,673]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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||
<heading box="[283,857,637,673]" fontSize="12" level="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[283,840,637,673]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oviraptorosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">
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Oviraptorosauria
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[580,840,637,673]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="685 - 688" part="226" refId="ref128157" refString="------ 1976 ". A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 226, 685 - 688. [In Russian]." title="A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1976">Barsbold, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis box="[839,857,637,673]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">a</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="40" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<paragraph blockId="40.[279,2051,636,936]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis box="[281,503,695,729]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Included taxa.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Sternberg, 1940" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[523,1030,695,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Caenagnathidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg" box="[781,1030,695,729]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref143007" refString="STERNBERG, R. M. 1940. A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology, 14, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="1940">Sternberg, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authority="Currie, Godfrey and Nessov, 1993" authorityName="Currie, Godfrey and Nessov" authorityYear="1993" box="[1056,2043,695,729]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Caenagnathasia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinsoni">
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<emphasis box="[1056,1478,695,729]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Caenagnathasia martinsoni</emphasis>
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Currie, Godfrey and Nessov, 1993
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Parks, 1933)" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Parks" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[284,839,735,769]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis box="[284,619,735,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Chirostenotes elegans</emphasis>
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(Parks, 1933)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Gilmore, 1924 a" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[860,1501,735,769]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pergracilis">
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<emphasis box="[860,1243,735,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Chirostenotes pergracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1258,1484,735,769]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Canadian Department of Mines, Geological Survey" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 12" part="38" refId="ref133497" refString="------ 1924 ". A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the Canadian Department of Mines, Geological Survey, 38, 1 - 12." title="A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1924">Gilmore, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1484,1501,735,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">a</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Osmolska, 1981" authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[1520,2043,735,769]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Elmisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rarus">
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<emphasis box="[1520,1783,735,769]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Elmisaurus rarus</emphasis>
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Osmólska, 1981
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976 b" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1976" box="[283,751,778,812]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Oviraptoridae
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[500,751,778,812]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="76 - 92" part="3" refId="ref128195" refString="------ 1976 b. New data on Therizinosaurus (Therizinosauridae, Theropoda). Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy, 3, 76 - 92. [In Russian]." title="New data on Therizinosaurus (Therizinosauridae, Theropoda)" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">
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Barsbold, 1976
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<emphasis box="[732,751,778,812]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName authority="Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001" authorityName="Clark, Norell and Barsbold" authorityYear="2001" box="[768,1548,777,812]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Citipati" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osmolskae">
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<emphasis box="[768,1043,778,812]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Citipati osmolskae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, Norell and Barsbold" box="[1053,1548,777,812]" firstAuthor="Clark" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="209 - 213" part="21" refId="ref131003" refString="CLARK, J. M., NORELL, M. a. and barsbold, R. 2001. wo new oviraptorids (heropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21, 209 - 213." title="wo new oviraptorids (heropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia" type="journal article" year="2001">Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1986" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1986" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Conchoraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis box="[1566,1898,778,812]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Conchoraptor gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" bookContentInfo="246 pp." editor="Vorobyeva, E. I." firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref128394" refString="------ 1986. Raubdinosaurier Oviraptoren. 210 - 223. In vorobyeva, e. i. (ed.). Herpetologische Untersuchungen in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 246 pp. [In Russian]." title="Raubdinosaurier Oviraptoren" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Herpetologische Untersuchungen in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik" year="1986">Barsbold, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1981" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1981" box="[383,896,819,853]" class="Adenophorea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Ingenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araeolaimida" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="yanshini">
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<emphasis box="[383,643,819,853]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Ingenia yanshini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[658,896,819,853]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="28 - 39" part="15" refId="ref128340" refString="------ 1981. oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Sovmestnaya Sovyetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologicheskaya Ekspeditsiya Trudy, 15, 28 - 39. [In Russian]." title="oothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1981">Barsbold, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001" authorityName="Clark, Norell and Barsbold" authorityYear="2001" box="[920,1722,819,853]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Khaan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mckennai">
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<emphasis box="[920,1178,819,853]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Khaan mckennai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Clark, Norell and Barsbold" box="[1195,1722,819,853]" firstAuthor="Clark" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="209 - 213" part="21" refId="ref131003" refString="CLARK, J. M., NORELL, M. a. and barsbold, R. 2001. wo new oviraptorids (heropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 21, 209 - 213." title="wo new oviraptorids (heropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia" type="journal article" year="2001">Clark, Norell and Barsbold, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, Osmolska, Watabe, Currie and Tsogtbataar, 2000" authorityName="Barsbold, Osmolska, Watabe, Currie and Tsogtbataar" authorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Nomingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gobiensis">
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<emphasis box="[1745,2050,819,853]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Nomingia gobiensis</emphasis>
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Barsbold, Osmólska, Watabe, Currie and Tsogtbataar, 2000
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1986" authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1986" box="[1256,1877,860,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mongoliensis">
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<emphasis box="[1256,1618,860,894]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Oviraptor mongoliensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" bookContentInfo="246 pp." box="[1637,1877,860,894]" editor="Vorobyeva, E. I." firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="210 - 223" refId="ref128394" refString="------ 1986. Raubdinosaurier Oviraptoren. 210 - 223. In vorobyeva, e. i. (ed.). Herpetologische Untersuchungen in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. Akademia Nauk SSSR, Moscow, 246 pp. [In Russian]." title="Raubdinosaurier Oviraptoren" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Herpetologische Untersuchungen in der Mongolischen Volksrepublik" year="1986">Barsbold, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1924" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="philoceratops">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Oviraptor philoceratops</emphasis>
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Osborn, 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[283,924,991,1025]" box="[284,924,991,1025]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis box="[284,535,991,1025]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Temporal range.</emphasis>
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Turonian-Maastrichtian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="40.[281,2049,1081,1240]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis box="[283,468,1081,1115]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan; Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, and Montana, USA; Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Red beds of Khermeen Tsav, Omnogov, Mongolia; Beds of Bugeen Tsav, Bayankhongor, Mongolia; Djadokhta Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Bayan Mandahu Red beds, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, China.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[281,2048,1293,1742]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis box="[281,460,1293,1329]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Maxilla with broad palatal shelf bearing two longitudinal ridges and with posteromedial toothlike process; dentary with medial ridge; dorsal margin of dentary deeply concave; dentary with two long posterior processes separated by the external mandibular fenestra; coronoid process of dentary inflected dorsomedially; articular surface of lower jaw convex in lateral view, distinctly expanded laterally and medially, and raised above the dorsal margin of the mandibular ramus; proximal caudal vertebrae strongly pneumatised. The following characters might be synapomorphies of the
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<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[1605,1891,1522,1558]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oviraptorosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Oviraptorosauria</taxonomicName>
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, but are currently unknown in caenagnathids: postorbital part of the skull subequal in length to the preorbital part (i.e. snout very short and high); suborbital fenestra closed, ectopterygoid contacts the palatine in a broad suture anteriorly (the condition in therizinosaurs might be similar, but is uncertain); premaxillary body as high as, or higher than the height of orbit.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="40.[280,2049,1804,2571]" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis box="[281,437,1804,1840]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The first representatives of this peculiar group of dinosaurs (
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<figureCitation box="[1506,1708,1804,1840]" captionStart="text" captionStartId="38.[281,355,1923,1950]" captionTargetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382586/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" targetPageId="39">Text-fig. 6f</figureCitation>
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) were described by Osborn (1924) and
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[611,864,1850,1886]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Canadian Department of Mines, Geological Survey" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 12" part="38" refId="ref133497" refString="------ 1924 ". A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the Canadian Department of Mines, Geological Survey, 38, 1 - 12." title="A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1924">Gilmore (1924</bibRefCitation>
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||
<emphasis box="[864,883,1850,1886]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">a</emphasis>
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), although it was not then recognized that
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<taxonomicName authority="Gilmore" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[1600,1979,1850,1886]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1600,1830,1850,1886]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Chirostenotes</emphasis>
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||
Gilmore
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</taxonomicName>
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is a close relative of
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn. In 1940" authorityName="Osborn. In" authorityYear="1940" box="[579,1045,1895,1931]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis box="[579,746,1895,1931]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Oviraptor</emphasis>
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||
Osborn. In 1940
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Sternberg described two edentulous lower jaws from the Campanian Judith River Formation of Canada as a new genus of Cretaceous birds,
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||
<emphasis box="[1725,1972,1941,1977]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[1725,1967,1941,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Caenagnathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Caenagnathus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and referred it to its own family,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[776,1046,1987,2023]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caenagnathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of these taxa received surprisingly little attention until new and better preserved material of oviraptorosaurs discovered in the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia in the 1970s revealed the bizarre skull anatomy of these animals.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osmolska" box="[1387,1678,2077,2113]" firstAuthor="Osmolska" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="683 - 684" refId="ref138992" refString="OSMOLSKA, H. 1976. New light on the skull anatomy and systematic position of Oviraptor. Nature, 262, 683 - 684." type="journal article" year="1976">Osmólska (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized the close similarities of the lower jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[829,1067,2123,2159]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Caenagnathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[829,1067,2123,2159]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Caenagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn. In" authorityYear="1940" box="[1151,1317,2123,2159]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1317,2123,2159]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Oviraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold" box="[1398,1660,2123,2159]" firstAuthor="Barsbold" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="685 - 688" part="226" refId="ref128157" refString="------ 1976 ". A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 226, 685 - 688. [In Russian]." title="A new Late Cretaceous family of small theropods (Oviraptoridae n. fam.) in Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1976">Barsbold (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1660,1679,2123,2159]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1700,1732,2123,2159]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">b)</emphasis>
|
||
created the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1976" box="[282,514,2167,2203]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Oviraptoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the suborder Oviraptorosauria. In 1981, Osmólska described some new theropod remains from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[1110,1398,2214,2250]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Elmisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rarus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1110,1398,2214,2250]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Elmisaurus rarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and created the family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[1785,2004,2214,2250]" class="Reptilia" family="Elmisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elmisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to include
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,878,2260,2296]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[425,619,2260,2296]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Elmisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Elmisaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[649,878,2260,2296]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chirostenotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sternberg, 1932" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1932" box="[979,1558,2260,2296]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Macrophalangia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,1259,2260,2296]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Macrophalangia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg" box="[1281,1558,2260,2296]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" pagination="99 - 105" refId="ref142929" refString="STERNBERG, c. M. 1932. wo new theropod dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 46, 99 - 105." type="journal article" year="1932">Sternberg, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Currie and Russell (1988) confirmed the close relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[915,1104,2305,2341]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Elmisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1104,2305,2341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Elmisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1198,1435,2305,2341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[1198,1429,2305,2341]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chirostenotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1932" box="[1766,2046,2305,2341]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Macrophalangia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1766,2046,2305,2341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Macrophalangia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the latter genus. In the 1990 compendium ‘The
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1238,1423,2351,2387]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dinosauria</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (Weishampel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1697,1811,2351,2387]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">et al.),</emphasis>
|
||
Currie listed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[280,472,2396,2432]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Elmisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,472,2396,2432]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Elmisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[555,785,2396,2432]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[555,785,2396,2432]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Chirostenotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as elmisaurids, and referred the species
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Parks, 1933" authorityName="Parks" authorityYear="1933" box="[1463,2044,2396,2432]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" genus="Oviraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="rnithomimus" subSpecies="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1463,1841,2396,2432]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">O rnithomimus elegans</emphasis>
|
||
Parks, 1933
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the latter genus. In the same compendium, Barsbold
|
||
<emphasis box="[1338,1431,2442,2478]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
listed the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barsbold" authorityYear="1976" box="[1654,1885,2442,2478]" class="Reptilia" family="Oviraptoridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Oviraptoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[281,549,2488,2524]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Caenagnathidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[889,1174,2488,2524]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oviraptorosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Oviraptorosauria</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="40.[280,2049,1804,2571]" lastBlockId="41.[236,2012,204,423]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">
|
||
In 1997, Sues described a new specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[1086,1315,2533,2569]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="40" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1086,1315,2533,2569]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="40">Chirostenotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of western Canada. He presented a good case for arguing that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[1265,1504,204,240]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Caenagnathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1504,204,240]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="41">Caenagnathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents the same genus as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1924" box="[238,470,250,286]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" genus="Chirostenotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,470,250,286]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="41">Chirostenotes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and consequently used the older family name
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sternberg, 1940" authorityName="Sternberg" authorityYear="1940" box="[1270,1823,250,286]" class="Reptilia" family="Caenagnathidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Caenagnathidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sternberg" box="[1553,1823,250,286]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref143007" refString="STERNBERG, R. M. 1940. A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Journal of Paleontology, 14, 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="1940">Sternberg, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Osmolska, 1981" authorityName="Osmolska" authorityYear="1981" box="[236,754,295,331]" class="Reptilia" family="Elmisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elmisauridae Osmolska, 1981</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He further concluded that caenagnathids and oviraptorids can be united as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Barsbold, 1976" box="[290,577,341,377]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oviraptorosauria" pageId="41" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Oviraptorosauria</taxonomicName>
|
||
, based on several cranial and postcranial synapomorphies. This view is followed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |