231 lines
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231 lines
28 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="26" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="5" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFECB41DFF1D9AF0F7F5FE2E" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosauridae Osborn 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1673615278840" updateUser="jeremy">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483028" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404298" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483028" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFECB41DFF1D9AF0F7F5FE2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFECB41DFF1D9AF0F7F5FE2E" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection box="[232,757,1152,1188]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[231,2003,1151,1369]" box="[232,757,1152,1188]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1906" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[232,757,1152,1188]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae Osborn, 1906</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="43" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[231,2003,1151,1369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis box="[231,889,1210,1244]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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Included taxa.
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<treatmentCitation box="[466,1113,1210,1244]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[466,1113,1210,1244]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">
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Albertosaurus sarcophagus
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<bibRefCitation box="[903,1113,1210,1244]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" year="1905">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<treatmentCitation box="[1134,1691,1210,1244]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gilmore, 1933" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1933" box="[1134,1691,1210,1244]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Alectrosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olseni">
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<emphasis box="[1134,1450,1210,1244]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Alectrosaurus olseni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1465,1691,1210,1244]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="23 - 78" part="67" refId="ref133635" refString="------ 1933. On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 67, 23 - 78." title="On the dinosaurian fauna of the Iren Dabasu Formation" type="journal article" year="1933">Gilmore, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kurzanov, 1976 b" authorityName="Kurzanov" authorityYear="1976" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Alioramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="remotus">
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<emphasis box="[1712,2003,1210,1244]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Alioramus remotus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kurzanov" box="[233,503,1251,1285]" firstAuthor="Kurzanov" journalOrPublisher="Paleontologicheski Zhumal" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="127 - 137" part="1976" refId="ref135945" refString="------ 1976 b. Brain-case structure in the camosaur Itemirus n. gen. and some aspects of the cranial anatomy of dinosaurs. Paleontologicheski Zhumal, 1976, 127 - 137. [In Russian]." title="Brain-case structure in the camosaur Itemirus n. gen. and some aspects of the cranial anatomy of dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="b">
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Kurzanov, 1976
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<emphasis box="[484,503,1251,1285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[523,1613,1251,1285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitation box="[523,1059,1251,1285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Leidy, 1868" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[523,1059,1251,1285]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandus">
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<emphasis box="[523,859,1251,1285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Aublysodon mirandus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Leidy" box="[873,1059,1251,1285]" firstAuthor="Leidy" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="197 - 200" part="20" refId="ref136598" refString="------ 1868. Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20, 197 - 200." title="Remarks on a jaw fragment of Megalosaurus" type="journal article" year="1868">Leidy, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(including
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<treatmentCitation box="[1241,1613,1251,1285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Paul, 1988" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1241,1584,1251,1285]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="molnari">
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<emphasis box="[1241,1408,1251,1285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">A. molnari</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation box="[1423,1613,1251,1285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Paul, 1988a</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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);
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<treatmentCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Russell, 1970" authorityName="in Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">
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<emphasis box="[1644,2003,1251,1285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Daspletosaurus torosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation box="[232,446,1293,1327]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation box="[471,1024,1293,1327]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Lambe, 1914" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" box="[471,1024,1293,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">
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<emphasis box="[471,800,1293,1327]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Gorgosaurus libratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Lambe" box="[817,1024,1293,1327]" firstAuthor="Lambe" journalOrPublisher="The Ottawa Naturalist" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="13 - 20" part="28" refId="ref136257" refString="------ 1914. On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon. The Ottawa Naturalist, 28, 13 - 20." title="On a new genus and species of carnivorous dinosaur from the Belly River Formation of Alberta, with a description of the skull of Stephanosaurus marginatus from the same horizon" type="journal article" year="1914">Lambe, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation box="[1045,1718,1293,1327]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[1045,1718,1293,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">
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<emphasis box="[1045,1442,1293,1327]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Maleevosaurus novojilovi</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1470,1687,1293,1327]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="634 - 637" part="104" refId="ref137077" refString="------ 1955 o. Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 104, 634 - 637. [In Russian]." title="Gigantic carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955">Maleev, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1688,1707,1293,1327]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Dong, 1977" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Shanshanosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="huoyanshanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Shanshanosaurus huoyanshanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dong" box="[502,685,1335,1369]" firstAuthor="Dong" journalOrPublisher="Vertebrata PalAsiatica" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="59 - 66" part="15" refId="ref132537" refString="------ 1977. On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang. Vertebrata PalAsiatica, 15, 59 - 66. [In Chinese]." title="On the dinosaurian remains from Turpan, Xinjiang" type="journal article" year="1977">Dong, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation box="[706,1248,1335,1369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[706,1229,1335,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">
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<emphasis box="[706,895,1335,1369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
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bataar
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<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1018,1248,1335,1369]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="779 - 783" part="104" refId="ref137103" refString="------ 1955 b. New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 104, 779 - 783. [In Russian]." title="New carnivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia" type="journal article" year="1955" yearSuffix="b">
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Maleev, 1955
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<emphasis box="[1229,1248,1335,1369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">b</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation box="[1269,1773,1335,1369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName authority="Osborn, 1905" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1269,1773,1335,1369]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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<emphasis box="[1269,1553,1335,1369]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation box="[1566,1773,1335,1369]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Osborn, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="43" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[234,878,1416,1450]" box="[234,878,1416,1450]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis box="[234,485,1416,1450]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Temporal range.</emphasis>
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Senonian-Maastrichtian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="43.[232,2004,1497,1864]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis box="[234,418,1498,1532]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Judith River Formation, Montana, USA; Lance Formation, Wyoming, USA; Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; Iren Dabasu Formation, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, China; Baynshiren Svita, Omnogov, Mongolia; Beds of Nogon Tsav, Bayankhongor, Mongolia; wo Medicine and Hell Creek formations, Montana; Denver Formation, Colorado; Kirtland Shale, New Mexico, USA; Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada; Fruitland Formation, New Mexico, USA; Nemegt Formation, Omnogov, Mongolia; Subashi Formation, Xinjiang, China; Nemegt Svita, White beds of Khermeen Tsav, Bayankhongor, Mongolia;?unnamed unit, Heilongjiang, China; Scollard and Willow Creek formations, Alberta, Canada; Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada; Hell Creek Formation, South Dakota, USA; Livingston Formation, Montana, USA; Lance Formation, Wyoming, USA; Laramie Formation, Colorado, USA; McRae Formation, New Mexico, USA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="43" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[232,2003,1909,2220]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis box="[232,411,1909,1945]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Squamosal with a broadly expanded, rostrally directed quadratojugal process, meeting the expanded dorsal process of the quadratojugal in a broad suture and strongly intruding into the lower temporal fenestra; vomer with broad rhomboid anterior expansion; surangular foramen strongly enlarged, being almost as large as the mandibular fenestra in most forms; premaxillary teeth D-shaped in cross section and significantly smaller than the maxillary teeth; cervical vertebrae considerably shorter than high; hand didactyl with splint-like Me III [claimed to be present in
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<taxonomicName authority="(Ostrom 1978)" authorityName="Ostrom" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ostrom" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
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<emphasis box="[1427,1849,2137,2173]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Compsognathus longipes</emphasis>
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(Ostrom 1978)
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</taxonomicName>
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but, owing to the poor preservation of the hand in this taxon, the matter is highly debatable].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="43.[231,2003,2266,2577]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis box="[231,388,2266,2302]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[479,761,2266,2302]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[785,989,2266,2302]" captionStart="text" captionStartId="38.[281,355,1923,1950]" captionTargetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="text-fig. 6. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Cretaceous OTUs in left lateral view, a, abelisaurid Camotaurus sastrei, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Gorro Frigio Formation, Argentina; based on Bonaparte et al. (1990) and MACN CH 894. b, composite skull of a generalized baryonychid; mainly based on Suchomimus tenerensis (MNN GDF 501, 503-506) and Irritator challenged (SMNS 58022), with some elements reconstructed after Baryonyx walkeri (BMNH R 9951). c, carcharodontosaurid Carcharodontosaurus sahariens, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian), Kem Kem beds, Morocco; based on Sereno et al. (1996) and SGM-Din 1, unpreserved elements shaded. D, dromaeosaurid Velociraptor mongoliensis, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; based on Barsbold (1983), Barsbold and Osmólska (1999), and AMNH 6515. e, ornithomimosaur Dromiceiomimus brevitertius, Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta, Canada; redrawn from Russell (1972). F, oviraptorosaur Oviraptor philoceratops, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia; redrawn from Barsbold et al. (1990). G, therizinosauroid Erlikosaurus andrewsi, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian- Turonian), Baynshiren Svita, Mongolia; based on Clark et al. (1994). H, tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus libratus, Late Cretaceous (Campanian), Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada, redrawn from Molnar et al. (1990). Abbreviations as in Text-figures 4 and 5, and: acc. op., accessory opening of unknown function in the premaxilla of Oviraptor (Barsbold et al. 1990); amf, anterior maxillary foramen; pn, pneumatic openings. Scale bars represent 50 mm (d-g) and 100 mm (a-c, h)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382586/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[279,1963,430,2567]" targetPageId="39">Text-fig. 6h</figureCitation>
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) have long been recognized as a distinct family of theropod dinosaurs (Osborn 1906). However, there has been some debate as to which genera and species belong to this family and the taxonomy of some of these species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="43.[231,2003,2266,2577]" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">
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Originally erected for the genus
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<taxonomicName authority="(Osborn 1906)" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Osborn" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[830,1340,2403,2439]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[830,1080,2403,2439]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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(Osborn 1906)
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</taxonomicName>
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, the family was later often confused or synonymized with the family
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<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1866" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[749,1203,2448,2484]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Deinodontidae
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<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[1009,1203,2448,2484]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="275 - 279" part="1866" refId="ref131440" refString="COPE, E. D. 1866. Remarks on dinosaur remains from New Jersey. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1866, 275 - 279." title="Remarks on dinosaur remains from New Jersey" type="journal article" year="1866">Cope, 1866</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Matthew and Brown" box="[1306,1759,2448,2484]" firstAuthor="Matthew" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="367 - 385" part="46" refId="ref137791" refString="MATTHEW, W. D. and brown, B. 1922. The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 46, 367 - 385." title="The family Deinodontidae, with notice of a new genus from the Cretaceous of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1922">Matthew and Brown 1922</bibRefCitation>
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). However, as
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[233,498,2494,2530]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 19" part="106" refId="ref133663" refString="------ 1946. A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 106, 1 - 19." title="A new carnivorous dinosaur from the Lance Formation of Montana" type="journal article" year="1946">Gilmore (1946)</bibRefCitation>
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and Russell (1970) pointed out, the type genus of the family
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1866" box="[1567,1816,2494,2530]" class="Reptilia" family="Deinodontidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Deinodontidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Leidy, 1856" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1856" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Deinodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1839,2001,2494,2530]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="43">Deinodon</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Leidy" box="[232,441,2540,2576]" firstAuthor="Leidy" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" pagination="72 - 73" part="8" refId="ref136546" refString="LEIDY, J. 1856. Notices of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the bad lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 8, 72 - 73." title="Notices of remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F. V. Hayden in the bad lands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory" type="journal article" year="1856">Leidy, 1856</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is based on undiagnostic teeth and thus the name
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[1308,1589,2540,2576]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="43" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
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should be used.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="44.[282,2058,200,2154]" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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The species
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[549,1022,200,236]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">Albertosaurus sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kurzanov" authorityYear="1976" box="[1047,1379,200,236]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Alioramus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="remotus">Alioramus remotus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="in Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1405,1811,200,236]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torosus">Daspletosaurus torosus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Gorgosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="libratus">Gorgosaurus libratus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Maleev" authorityYear="1955" box="[435,871,246,282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Maleevosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novojilovi">Maleevosaurus novojilovi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Maleev" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[890,1223,246,282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bataar">Tarbosaurus bataar</taxonomicName>
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,
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|
</emphasis>
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|
and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1310,1622,246,282]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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|
<emphasis box="[1310,1622,246,282]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
are known from complete skeletons, or at least good skulls and partial postcrania, and these taxa can thus be referred to the
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1906" box="[285,567,337,373]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tyrannosauridae</taxonomicName>
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|
with certainty. Since the nomenclature of these animals, as listed here, differs from some of the other accounts of this clade (e.g. Russell 1970;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Maleev" box="[1283,1505,383,419]" firstAuthor="Maleev" journalOrPublisher="Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologisheskaya kspeditsiya Trudy" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="132 - 191" part="1" refId="ref137133" refString="------ 1974. Gigantic camosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae. Sovmestnaya Sovetsko-Mongolskaya Paleontologisheskaya kspeditsiya Trudy, 1, 132 - 191. [In Russian]." title="Gigantic camosaurs of the family Tyrannosauridae" type="journal article" year="1974">Maleev 1974</bibRefCitation>
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|
; Paul
|
|
<emphasis box="[1613,1723,383,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">1988a;</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Molnar" bookContentInfo="733 pp." box="[1735,2048,383,419]" editor="weishampel, d. b. & dodson, p. & osmOlska, h." etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="169 - 209" refId="ref137992" refString="------ kurzanov, s. M. and dong, z. 1990. Camosauria. 169 - 209. In weishampel, d. b., dodson, p. and osmOlska, h. (eds). The Dinosauria. University of California Press, Berkeley, 733 pp." title="Camosauria" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Dinosauria" year="1990">
|
|
Molnar
|
|
<emphasis box="[1869,1947,383,419]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1990
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter" bookContentInfo="304 pp." box="[286,549,429,465]" editor="mateer, n. j. & chen, p. j." firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="44" pageNumber="44" pagination="250 - 268" refId="ref130236" refString="------ 1992. Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America. 250 - 268. In mateer, n. j. and chen, p. j. (eds). Aspects of nonmarine Cretaceous geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 304 pp." title="Tyrannosaurids (Dinosauria) of Asia and North America" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Aspects of nonmarine Cretaceous geology" year="1992">Carpenter 1992</bibRefCitation>
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|
), some nomenclatorial comments on these well-established tyrannosaurids might be added.
|
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |