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177 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="52" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="8" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="24" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFDEB42BFF1398F8FDBAFC2F" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Compsognathus longipes Wagner 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1643591701704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5123183" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5123183" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFDEB42BFF1398F8FDBAFC2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFDEB42BFF1398F8FDBAFC2F" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection box="[230,899,1672,1708]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[226,899,1672,1764]" box="[230,899,1672,1708]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wagner, 1861" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1861" box="[230,899,1672,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
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<emphasis box="[230,653,1672,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Compsognathus longipes</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Wagner" box="[665,899,1672,1708]" firstAuthor="Wagner" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" pagination="67 - 124" refId="ref143862" refString="WAGNER, a. 1861. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der urweltlichen Fauna des lithographischen Schiefers. SchildkrOten und Saurier aus dem lithographischen Schiefer. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 9, 67 - 124." type="journal article" year="1861">Wagner, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[226,899,1672,1764]" box="[226,814,1730,1764]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis box="[226,294,1730,1764]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1982" box="[226,289,1730,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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?Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[230,1993,1811,1887]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis box="[230,414,1811,1845]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Solnhofener Plattenkalk, Bavaria, Germany; Lithographic limestones of Canjuers, Var, France;?Alcobaca Formation, Leiria, Portugal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382584/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[379,1958,617,2559]" targetPageId="24">
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<paragraph blockId="25.[227,1994,1977,2574]" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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text -fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view,
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<emphasis box="[1573,1594,2007,2034]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">a</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian)" class="Reptilia" family="Not" genus="Dilophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wetherilli">
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<emphasis box="[1610,1993,2002,2036]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Dilophosaurus wetherilli,</emphasis>
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Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)" box="[367,1351,2085,2119]" class="Reptilia" family="Coelophysidae" genus="Syntarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodesiensis">
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<emphasis box="[367,722,2085,2119]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Syntarsus rhodesiensis,</emphasis>
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Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Middle Jurassic (Callovian)" box="[463,1310,2167,2201]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Magnosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxoniensis">
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<emphasis box="[463,854,2167,2201]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Magnosaurus oxoniensis,</emphasis>
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Middle Jurassic (Callovian)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation" authorityName="Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation" box="[870,1873,2209,2243]" class="Reptilia" family="Not" genus="Monolophosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jiangi">
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<emphasis box="[870,1253,2209,2243]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Monolophosaurus jiangi,</emphasis>
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Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation
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</taxonomicName>
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, China; redrawn from Zhao and
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<bibRefCitation author="Currie" box="[610,840,2250,2284]" firstAuthor="Currie" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" pagination="2231 - 2247" part="30" refId="ref132075" refString="------------- 1993 b. A new troOdontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 30, 2231 - 2247." title="A new troOdontid (Dinosauria, Theropoda) braincase from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) of Alberta" type="journal article" year="1993" yearSuffix="b">
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Currie (1993
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<emphasis box="[809,829,2250,2284]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">b</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. E,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)" box="[899,1835,2250,2284]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fragilis">
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<emphasis box="[899,1192,2250,2284]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Allosaurus fragilis,</emphasis>
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Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird
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<emphasis box="[1080,1360,2291,2325]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName box="[1080,1303,2291,2325]" class="Reptilia" family="Archaeopterygidae" genus="Archaeopteryx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archaeopteryx</taxonomicName>
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sp
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</emphasis>
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., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on
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<bibRefCitation author="Wellnhofer" box="[972,1263,2333,2367]" firstAuthor="Wellnhofer" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" pagination="169 - 216" refId="ref144411" refString="WELLNHOFER, p. 1974. Das fUnfte Skelettexemplar von Archaeopteryx. Palaeontographica A, 147, 169 - 216." type="journal article" year="1974">Wellnhofer (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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, Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G,
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<emphasis box="[925,1178,2374,2408]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[925,1125,2374,2408]" class="Reptilia" family="Not" genus="Ceratosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ceratosaurus</taxonomicName>
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sp
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</emphasis>
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., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H,
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<taxonomicName authority=", Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Ornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="25" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermanni">
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<emphasis box="[1383,1758,2415,2449]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="25">Ornitholestes hermanni,</emphasis>
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Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)
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</taxonomicName>
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, Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="26" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[282,2055,207,336]" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis box="[282,461,207,243]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Posterior half of the premaxilla edentulous, resulting in a diastema between the premaxillary and maxillary teeth; premaxillary and anterior dentary teeth with rounded, inflated base, lacking serrations and carinae, and abruptly recurved in their upper third.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="26" pageNumber="26" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="26.[281,2055,392,976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis box="[281,889,392,428]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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Remarks.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wagner. Zitteliana" authorityYear="1861" box="[457,883,392,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">Compsognathus longipes</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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originally described as a new genus and species of lizard (
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<bibRefCitation author="Wagner" firstAuthor="Wagner" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="67 - 124" refId="ref143862" refString="WAGNER, a. 1861. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis der urweltlichen Fauna des lithographischen Schiefers. SchildkrOten und Saurier aus dem lithographischen Schiefer. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 9, 67 - 124." type="journal article" year="1861">Wagner 1861</bibRefCitation>
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), was the first theropod dinosaur known from a reasonably well-preserved, articulated skeleton. The species is of great historical importance because of the role it played in the initial discussion about evolution (
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<bibRefCitation author="Desmond" bookContentInfo="287 pp." box="[468,734,529,565]" firstAuthor="Desmond" journalOrPublisher="University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" refId="ref132249" refString="DESMOND, A. J. 1982. Archetypes and ancestors. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 287 pp." title="Archetypes and ancestors" type="book" year="1982">Desmond 1982</bibRefCitation>
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). It is, therefore, not surprising that many well-known vertebrate palaeontol ogists have commented on the specimen (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[1053,1237,575,611]" firstAuthor="Cope" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="234 - 235" part="19" refId="ref131472" refString="------ 1867. Account of the extinct reptiles which approached the birds. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 19, 234 - 235." title="Account of the extinct reptiles which approached the birds" type="journal article" year="1867">Cope 1867</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Huxley" box="[1256,1477,575,611]" firstAuthor="Huxley" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="66 - 75" part="4" refId="ref135425" refString="HUXLEY,. H. 1868. On the animals which are most nearly intermediate between birds and reptiles. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 4, 66 - 75." title="On the animals which are most nearly intermediate between birds and reptiles" type="journal article" year="1868">Huxley 1868</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1495,1697,575,611]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science, Series 3" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="339 - 340" part="21" refId="ref137292" refString="------ 1881 ". A new order of extinct Jurassic reptiles (Coeluria). American Journal of Science, Series 3, 21, 339 - 340." title="A new order of extinct Jurassic reptiles (Coeluria)" type="journal article" year="1881">Marsh 1881</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1697,1717,575,611]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">«</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1741,1822,575,611]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science, Series 3" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="407 - 412" part="50" refId="ref137448" refString="------ 1895. Restorations of some European dinosaurs with suggestions to their place among the Reptilia. American Journal of Science, Series 3, 50, 407 - 412." title="Restorations of some European dinosaurs with suggestions to their place among the Reptilia" type="journal article" year="1895">1895</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1845,1927,575,611]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="133 - 244" part="1894 - 95" refId="ref137479" refString="------ 1896. The dinosaurs of North America. Sixteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1894 - 95, 133 - 244." title="The dinosaurs of North America" type="journal article" year="1896">1896</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Huene" firstAuthor="Huene" journalOrPublisher="Centralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, B" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="157 - 160" part="1925" refId="ref135023" refString="------ 1925. Eine neue Rekonstruktion von Compsognathus. Centralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Palaeontologie, B, 1925, 157 - 160." title="Eine neue Rekonstruktion von Compsognathus" type="journal article" year="1925">Huene 1925</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Huene" box="[397,479,620,656]" firstAuthor="Huene" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Museo de La Plata" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="35 - 167" part="29" refId="ref135048" refString="------ 1926 a. The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe. Revista del Museo de La Plata, 29, 35 - 167." title="The carnivorous Saurischia in the Jura and Cretaceous formations, principally in Europe" type="journal article" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis box="[479,499,620,656]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">«</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Huene" box="[528,610,620,656]" firstAuthor="Huene" journalOrPublisher="Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Serie I" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 361" part="4" refId="ref135106" refString="------ 1932. Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie, Serie I, 4, 1 - 361." title="Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte" type="journal article" year="1932">1932</bibRefCitation>
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; Stromer 1934#). However, it was not until 1978 that a detailed description of the specimen was published (Ostrom 1978^
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="26.[281,2055,392,976]" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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In 1972, Bidar
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<emphasis box="[578,659,712,748]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
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described a new, slightly larger specimen of
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<taxonomicName box="[1422,1688,712,748]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1422,1688,712,748]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">Compsognathus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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from the lithographic limestones of Canjuers, and made it the type of a new species,
|
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<emphasis box="[1365,1612,758,794]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName box="[1365,1607,758,794]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corallestris">C. corallestris</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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However, Ostrom (1978) argued strongly that
|
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<taxonomicName box="[643,884,803,839]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corallestris">
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<emphasis box="[643,884,803,839]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">C. corallestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was only a larger, probably more mature individual of
|
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<emphasis box="[1851,2051,803,839]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wagner. Zitteliana" authorityYear="1861" box="[1851,2046,803,839]" class="Reptilia" family="Compsognathidae" genus="Compsognathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">C. longipes</taxonomicName>
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.
|
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</emphasis>
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Recently,
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<bibRefCitation author="Zinke" box="[453,672,849,885]" firstAuthor="Zinke" pageId="26" pageNumber="26" pagination="179 - 189" refId="ref145187" refString="ZINKE, J. 1998. Small theropod teeth from the Upper Jurassic coal mine of Guimarota (Portugal). Palaontologische Zeitschrift, 72, 179 - 189." type="journal article" year="1998">Zinke (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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described isolated teeth from the Alcobaça Formation of Portugal which might be referable to that taxon, although they are slightly older (Kimmeridgian) than the other two specimens (Early Tithonian).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |