133 lines
19 KiB
XML
133 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="52" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="8" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="24" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFD5B423FEE29EB5FA2AF8C1" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Shuvosaurus inexpectatus Chatterjee 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1643591701704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>69</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>213</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5123149" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404288" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5123149" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFD5B423FEE29EB5FA2AF8C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFD5B423FEE29EB5FA2AF8C1" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<subSubSection box="[279,1005,197,233]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[276,1005,197,289]" box="[279,1005,197,233]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Chatterjee, 1993" authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[279,1005,197,233]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[279,716,197,233]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Shuvosaurus inexpectatus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[729,1005,197,233]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research and xploration" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="274 - 285" part="9" refId="ref130651" refString="------ 1993. Shuvosaurus, a new theropod. National Geographic Research and xploration, 9, 274 - 285." title="Shuvosaurus, a new theropod" type="journal article" year="1993">Chatterjee, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[276,1005,197,289]" box="[276,469,255,289]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<emphasis box="[276,345,255,289]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diakonoff" authorityYear="1982" box="[276,339,255,289]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Age" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Age</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Norian.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[280,1719,344,379]" box="[280,1719,345,379]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<emphasis box="[280,464,345,379]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
|
Cooper Canyon Formation of the Dockum Group, exas and New Mexico, USA.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[278,2048,440,706]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<emphasis box="[278,457,440,476]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
|
Maxilla block-like, strongly reduced in length and almost entirely excluded from the ventral rim of the antorbital fenestra; nasal forms the dorsal rim of the internal antorbital fenestra anteriorly; jugal elongated underneath the antorbital fenestra and forms a peg-and-socket articulation with the maxilla anteriorly; jugal without posterior quadratojugal process; quadratojugal with two anterior process, which subdivide the infratemporal fenestra in a smaller ventral and a larger dorsal part; postorbital with broad posterior process, overlapping the anterior end of the squamosal; dentary with medial platform anteriorly.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[277,2046,768,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<emphasis box="[278,659,769,805]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
Remarks.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[446,659,769,805]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Shuvosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
is one of the most bizarre of supposed theropods described recently (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1822,2024,769,805]" captionStart="Text-fig. 4" captionText="text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382582/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[361,1962,550,2556]" targetPageId="14">Text-fig. 4h</figureCitation>
|
|
). The taxon is based on a fairly well-preserved skull of a juvenile individual, to which additional skull elements and a few postcranial bones were referred (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[1152,1424,860,896]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research and xploration" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="274 - 285" part="9" refId="ref130651" refString="------ 1993. Shuvosaurus, a new theropod. National Geographic Research and xploration, 9, 274 - 285." title="Shuvosaurus, a new theropod" type="journal article" year="1993">Chatterjee 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However, only the cranial parts that show some overlap with the holotype are accepted here as belonging to this taxon, since all the material came from the Post Quarry in the Dockum Group of Texas, which has yielded hundreds of specimens of all kinds of Triassic vertebrates (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[880,1154,997,1033]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="395 - 460" part="309" refId="ref130582" refString="------ 1985. Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the riassic of Texas and the origin of tyrannosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 309, 395 - 460." title="Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the riassic of Texas and the origin of tyrannosaurs" type="journal article" year="1985">Chatterjee 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[1184,1264,997,1033]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="277 - 342" part="332" refId="ref130619" refString="------ 1991. Cranial anatomy and relationships of a new riassic bird from exas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 332, 277 - 342." title="Cranial anatomy and relationships of a new riassic bird from exas" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[1294,1376,997,1033]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research and xploration" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="274 - 285" part="9" refId="ref130651" refString="------ 1993. Shuvosaurus, a new theropod. National Geographic Research and xploration, 9, 274 - 285." title="Shuvosaurus, a new theropod" type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Long and Murry 1995), and thus the association of isolated postcranial material is rather questionable.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="18.[277,2046,768,1856]" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
The genus was originally referred to the O rnithomimosauria by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[1436,1737,1088,1124]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="National Geographic Research and xploration" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="274 - 285" part="9" refId="ref130651" refString="------ 1993. Shuvosaurus, a new theropod. National Geographic Research and xploration, 9, 274 - 285." title="Shuvosaurus, a new theropod" type="journal article" year="1993">Chatterjee (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. Long and Murry (1995) tentatively referred the holotype skull of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[1138,1351,1134,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1138,1351,1134,1170]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Shuvosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
to the genus
|
|
<emphasis box="[1605,1808,1134,1170]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Long & Murry" authorityYear="1995" box="[1605,1802,1134,1170]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chatterjeea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chatterjeea</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
a taxon of a possible poposaurian archosaur they named from the same locality. The reasons for this referral were the matching size of the specimens, the comparable preservation, and the lack of other cranial material that could have been referred to the otherwise common crurotarsan (Long and Murry 1995, p. 162). However,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[278,491,1316,1352]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[278,491,1316,1352]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Shuvosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is radically different from all known crurotarsans in skull morphology (see e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Walker" box="[1818,2037,1316,1352]" firstAuthor="Walker" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="53 - 134" refId="ref143925" refString="WALKER, a. D. 1964. riassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Ornthosuchus and the origin of camosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 248, 53 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Walker 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Krebs" bookContentInfo="137 pp." box="[279,477,1362,1398]" editor="kuhn, o." firstAuthor="Krebs" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="40 - 98" refId="ref135869" refString="KREBS, B. 1976. Pseudosuchia. 40 - 98. In kuhn, o. (ed.). Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Teil 13, Thecodontia. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, 137 pp." title="Pseudosuchia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, Teil 13, Thecodontia" year="1976">Krebs 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Chatterjee" box="[497,767,1362,1398]" firstAuthor="Chatterjee" journalOrPublisher="Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="395 - 460" part="309" refId="ref130582" refString="------ 1985. Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the riassic of Texas and the origin of tyrannosaurs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 309, 395 - 460." title="Postosuchus, a new thecodontian reptile from the riassic of Texas and the origin of tyrannosaurs" type="journal article" year="1985">Chatterjee 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Parrish" box="[788,1004,1362,1398]" firstAuthor="Parrish" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" pagination="287 - 308" refId="ref140087" refString="PARRISH, J. M. 1993. Phylogeny of the Crocodylotarsi, with reference to archosaurian and crurotarsian monophyly. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 13, 287 - 308." type="journal article" year="1993">Parrish 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Long and Murry 1995), including the edentulous crurotarsan archosaur
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zhang" authorityYear="1975" box="[460,648,1408,1444]" class="Reptilia" family="Lotosauridae" genus="Lotosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thecodontia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[460,648,1408,1444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Lotosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Zhang 1975; pers. obs. of a mounted skeleton in the IVPP). Rauhut (1997) presented a new reconstruction of the skull (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1027,1229,1453,1489]" captionStart="Text-fig. 4" captionText="text-fig. 4. Skull reconstructions of representatives of riassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Euparkeria capensis, Early Triassic (Scythian-Anisian), Beaufort Group, South Africa; redrawn from Ewer (1965). B, basal ornithischian Lesothosaurus diagnostics, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Elliot Formation, Lesotho; redrawn from Sereno (1991b). c, prosauropod sauropodomorph Plateosaurus sp., Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 1937. D, Eoraptor lunensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; based on PVSJ 512. E, Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Late Triassic (Camian), Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina; redrawn from Sereno and Novas (1993). F, Coelophysis bauri, Late riassic (Norian), Chinle Formation, south-western USA; modified from Paul (1993). G, Lilienstemus lilienstemi, Late riassic (Norian), Knollenmergel, Germany; based on MB R. 2175, unpreserved elements shaded. H, Shuvosaurus inexpectatus, Late riassic (Norian), Dockum Group, Texas, USA; based on TU P 9280. Abbreviations: a, angular; aof, antorbital fenestra; d, dentary; emf, external mandibular fenestra; en, external nares; eo, exoccipital; f, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; 1, lacrimal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; op, opisthotic; pa, parietal; pd, predentary; pm, premaxilla; pm-mf, premaxillary-maxillary fenestra; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; q, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sa, surangular; saf, surangular foramen; snf, subnarial foramen; sob, supraorbital; soc, supraoccipital; sp, splenial; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (a-b) and 50 mm (c-H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382582/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" targetBox="[361,1962,550,2556]" targetPageId="14">Text-fig. 4h</figureCitation>
|
|
) and listed the following characters in favour of dinosaurian, saurischian, and theropodan affinities for
|
|
<emphasis box="[1222,1444,1499,1535]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[1222,1435,1499,1535]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Shuvosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
lack of postfrontal (convergent in crocodiles), paroccipital processes directed ventrolaterally rather than laterally or dorsolaterally as in other archosaurs, lacrimal elongated dorsoventrally and in the shape of an inverted L, presence of a deep basisphenoid recess, and possibly the presence of a deep ventral recess in the ectopterygoid (the identification of this element is questionable). Therefore,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[1270,1483,1682,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1270,1483,1682,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Shuvosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is included in the analysis here, although the highly apomorphic cranial morphology of this taxon makes it difficult to establish its theropod affinities beyond doubt, unless more material becomes available. As noted above, it might be possible that
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Carpenter" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[505,726,1818,1854]" class="Reptilia" genus="Gojirasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[505,726,1818,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">Gojirasaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
represents a junior synonym of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1278,1498,1818,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="18">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chatterjee" authorityYear="1993" box="[1278,1493,1818,1854]" class="Reptilia" family="Shuvosauridae" genus="Shuvosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Shuvosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |