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134 lines
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<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3382576" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3382576" approvalRequired="52" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="8" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="24" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="20" checkinTime="1567247981485" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rauhut, Oliver W. M." docDate="2003" docId="77323C29FFD1B426FEED97FDF821FBAD" docLanguage="en" docName="Rauhut2003BasalTheropod_ocr.pdf" docOrigin="Special papers in palaeontology 69" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Allosaurus Marsh 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="8B0B4451FFC7B431FFF59E70FFF0FFFF" masterDocTitle="The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs" masterLastPageNumber="213" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1643591701704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rauhut, Oliver W. M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Special papers in palaeontology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2003-05-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>213</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3382576</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">48817a66-49e4-4e6f-b6c6-879db64b9ec9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3382576</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5123175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159404352" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5123175" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:77323C29FFD1B426FEED97FDF821FBAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/77323C29FFD1B426FEED97FDF821FBAD" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">
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<subSubSection box="[280,688,2445,2481]" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[280,2050,2445,2579]" box="[280,688,2445,2481]" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">
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<heading box="[280,688,2445,2481]" fontSize="12" level="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1877" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[280,688,2445,2481]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[280,464,2445,2481]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[477,688,2445,2481]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal ofScience, Series 3" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" pagination="514 - 516" part="14" refId="ref137185" refString="MARSH, o. c. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation. American Journal ofScience, Series 3, 14, 514 - 516." title="Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation" type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="22" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[280,2050,2445,2579]" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis box="[282,813,2503,2537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">
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Included taxa.
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<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1877" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[522,1031,2503,2537]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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Allosaurus fragilis
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[831,1031,2503,2537]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal ofScience, Series 3" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" pagination="514 - 516" part="14" refId="ref137185" refString="MARSH, o. c. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation. American Journal ofScience, Series 3, 14, 514 - 516." title="Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation" type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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;
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<taxonomicName authority="(Chure, 1995)" authorityName="Chure" authorityYear="1995" baseAuthorityName="Chure" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1054,1609,2503,2537]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[1054,1368,2503,2537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus maximus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chure" bookContentInfo="250 pp." box="[1398,1598,2503,2537]" editor="sun, a. & wang, y." firstAuthor="Chure" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref130824" refString="CHURE, D. J. 1995. A reassessment of the gigantic theropod Saurophagus maximus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Oklahoma, USA. 103 - 106. In sun, a. and wang, y. (eds). Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, short papers. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 250 pp." title="A reassessment of the gigantic theropod Saurophagus maximus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Oklahoma, USA" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, short papers" year="1995">Chure, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1632,1796,2503,2537]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1632,1796,2503,2537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="22">Allosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (to be described by D. Chure).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[237,899,211,245]" box="[238,899,211,245]" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[238,488,211,245]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Temporal range.</emphasis>
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Kimmeridgian-Tithonian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[235,2004,301,377]" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[236,422,301,335]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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Morrison Formation, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, South Dakota, Oklahoma, all USA; Lourinha Formation, Portugal.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="23" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[234,2007,430,560]" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[234,414,430,466]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Distinct ‘step’ in the ventral margin of the jugal, leading to a significant ventral displacement of the posterior part in relation to the anterior part; neomorph element present in lower jaw (antarticular in
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<bibRefCitation author="Madsen" box="[235,470,522,558]" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 163" part="109" refId="ref136822" refString="------ 1976. Allosaurusfragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin, 109, 3 - 163." title="Allosaurusfragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen 1976</bibRefCitation>
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); well-developed notch in the anteroventral margin of the prearticular.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[232,2007,613,1108]" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis box="[234,390,614,650]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Although it is one of the best known and best represented of theropod dinosaurs, the taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[233,417,659,695]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[233,417,659,695]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Allosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[440,640,659,695]" captionStart="text-fig. 5" captionText="text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3382584/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[379,1958,617,2559]" targetPageId="24">Text-fig. 5e</figureCitation>
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) is problematic. Originally described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1329,1555,659,695]" firstAuthor="Marsh" journalOrPublisher="American Journal ofScience, Series 3" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" pagination="514 - 516" part="14" refId="ref137185" refString="MARSH, o. c. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation. American Journal ofScience, Series 3, 14, 514 - 516." title="Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic Formation" type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh (1877)</bibRefCitation>
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on the basis of rather poor material, it was later often synonymized with the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1870" box="[1216,1420,705,741]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Antrodemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1216,1420,705,741]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">Antrodemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1526,1769,705,741]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 154" part="110" refId="ref133450" refString="GILMORE, c. w. 1920. Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 110, 1 - 154." title="Osteology of the carnivorous Dinosauria in the United States National Museum, with special reference to the genera Antrodemus (Allosaurus) and Ceratosaurus" type="journal article" year="1920">Gilmore 1920</bibRefCitation>
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), but
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<bibRefCitation author="Madsen" firstAuthor="Madsen" journalOrPublisher="Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" pagination="3 - 163" part="109" refId="ref136822" refString="------ 1976. Allosaurusfragilis: a revised osteology. Utah Geological and Mineralogical Survey Bulletin, 109, 3 - 163." title="Allosaurusfragilis: a revised osteology" type="journal article" year="1976">Madsen (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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argued that the latter taxon represents a
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<emphasis box="[1021,1275,750,786]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">nomen dubium.</emphasis>
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This view is followed here. Another matter of debate is the number and taxonomy of the species included in the genus
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<emphasis box="[1491,1682,796,832]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1491,1677,796,832]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Allosaurus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pending a detailed revision of the genus, I recognize three different species within the genus:
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<emphasis box="[1471,1792,842,878]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1471,1787,842,878]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">Allosaurus fragilis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which is the most common large theropod of the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation;
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<emphasis box="[1486,1841,888,924]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Chure" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1486,1835,888,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">Allosaurus maximus</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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which is based on the remains of at least two individuals of a very large theropod from the Morrison Formation of Oklahoma that differ in some anatomical details from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1165,1335,979,1015]" class="Reptilia" family="Allosauridae" genus="Allosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[1165,1335,979,1015]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="23">A. fragilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chure" bookContentInfo="250 pp." box="[1361,1565,979,1015]" editor="sun, a. & wang, y." firstAuthor="Chure" journalOrPublisher="China Ocean Press, Beijing" pageId="23" pageNumber="23" pagination="103 - 106" refId="ref130824" refString="CHURE, D. J. 1995. A reassessment of the gigantic theropod Saurophagus maximus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Oklahoma, USA. 103 - 106. In sun, a. and wang, y. (eds). Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, short papers. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 250 pp." title="A reassessment of the gigantic theropod Saurophagus maximus from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Oklahoma, USA" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, short papers" year="1995">Chure 1995</bibRefCitation>
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; Smith 1998), and a new, undescribed species from Dinosaur National Monument, which exhibits all the synapomorphies of the genus, but differs from both of the other species in several morphological details (Chure, pers. comm. 1998).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |