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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.100461" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-253" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3F037C3AB81851DAB88B519BE1E07A9E" ID-ZooBank="A86FEFE87DFD458E9E34616C17E4D06E" ModsDocID="1860-0743-99-1-253" checkinTime="1679617135447" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kodeeswaran, Paramasivam, Kantharajan, Ganesan, Mohapatra, Anil, Ajith Kumar, T. T. &amp; Kumar Sarkar, Uttam" docDate="2023" docId="16BA0A437423561487B08D17F06610FA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 99(1): 253-260" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 99 (1)" docPubDate="2023-03-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.100461" docTitle="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9E8E2E62-AE31-4538-8272-3BBA122602F5" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="3F037C3AB81851DAB88B519BE1E07A9E" lastPageNumber="253" masterDocId="3F037C3AB81851DAB88B519BE1E07A9E" masterDocTitle="A new short brown unpatterned moray eel (Anguilliformes, Muraenidae) from the southeast coast of India, Bay of Bengal" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="253" pageNumber="253" updateTime="1679617436130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A new short brown unpatterned moray eel (Anguilliformes, Muraenidae) from the southeast coast of India, Bay of Bengal</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kodeeswaran, Paramasivam</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-3056</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India &amp; Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi, Kerala - 682 506, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kantharajan, Ganesan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Mohapatra, Anil</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha - 761 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ajith Kumar, T. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tt.ajith@icar.gov.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kumar Sarkar, Uttam</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-4375</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh - 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2023-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:start>253</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.99.100461</mods:url>
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/9E8E2E62-AE31-4538-8272-3BBA122602F5" authority="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar, 2023" authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis" status="sp. nov.">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="253">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL, fresh colouration, collected from Mudasalodai fish landing centre, off Cuddalore, Bay of Bengal." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828971" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dentition pattern on upper jaw and lower jaw of Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828972" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">, 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral view of head and cephalic pores of Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. (holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM). Supraorbital pores (SO) - Blue closed dots, Infraorbital pores (IO) - Green, Mandibular pores (M) - Red, Branchial pores (B) - Black; DFO - dorsal-fin origin, PN - Posterior nostril, AN - Anterior nostril, GO - Gill opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828973" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL preserved colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828974" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
The holotype and paratype specimens are deposited at the National Fish Repository of the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Holotype</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
NBFGR/MURGTAM (487 mm TL), collected from trawl landings at Mudasalodai fish landing centre, off Cuddalore coast, Bay of Bengal, 11°29'N, 79°46'E, 26 June 2022, coll. by G. Kantharajan and P. Kodeeswaran.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Paratypes</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Three specimens, NBFGR/ MURGTAM.2 (296 mm TL); EBRC/ ZSI/F14687 (2: 272-451 mm TL), were collected along with the holotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">A new species of a short brown unpatterned moray eel with the following combination of characters: series of lines of small dark spots present on head and a single line of black spots on mid-line of body, origin of dorsal fin at middle of rictus and gill opening, anus just before mid-body, pre-anal length 45.7-47.4% TL, snout blunt and very short, 6.5-7.7 mm in HL, eye small, teeth serrated, uniserial, ethomovomerine teeth five on each side with one tooth on mid-point, vomerine with eight teeth in a series, jaw pores with white rim, anal-fin margin whitish, 3 pre-dorsal vertebrae, 56-59 pre-anal vertebrae, 139-150 total vertebrae.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828971" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR/MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL, fresh colouration, collected from Mudasalodai fish landing centre, off Cuddalore, Bay of Bengal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Description</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
(all measurements in mm). A medium-sized, moderately elongated eel with tapering body, anus just before mid-body, pre-anal length 45.7-47.4% TL, depth at gill opening 19.8-32.8 in TL, depth at anus 31.1-49.0 in TL. Head moderate, 7.8-8.2 in TL, snout blunt, and very short, 6.5-7.7 in HL, both jaws almost equal, upper jaw 2.5-3.0 in HL, lower jaw 2.4-2.8 in HL, eye small, 9.1-12.2 in HL, at middle of upper jaw, far from rictus, interorbital space 7.0-12.6 in HL. Dorsal-fin origin before gill opening, at mid-length of rictus and gill opening, pre-dorsal length 9.3-11.0 in TL, anal fin starts just after anus, gill opening a minute diagonal slit, 8.0-11.3 in HL. Teeth serrated, uniserial; five pointed ethomovomerine teeth on each side, one tooth on mid-point, three median ethomovomerine teeth, middle tooth larger than other two, maxillary teeth uniserial, 12-13 on each side, uniserial vomerine with eight teeth; lower jaw teeth uniserial, 16-17 teeth on each side, three anterior teeth enlarged (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dentition pattern on upper jaw and lower jaw of Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov (holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828972" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">3</figureCitation>
). Head pores moderate-sized, three supraorbital pores, four infraorbital pores, six mandibular pores before rictus, cephalic pores in white rims. Branchial pores two behind the dorsal-fin origin (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lateral view of head and cephalic pores of Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. (holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM). Supraorbital pores (SO) - Blue closed dots, Infraorbital pores (IO) - Green, Mandibular pores (M) - Red, Branchial pores (B) - Black; DFO - dorsal-fin origin, PN - Posterior nostril, AN - Anterior nostril, GO - Gill opening." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828973" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">4</figureCitation>
). Three pre-dorsal vertebrae, 56-59 pre-anal vertebrae, 139-150 total vertebrae.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828972" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Dentition pattern on upper jaw and lower jaw of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov (holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828973" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Lateral view of head and cephalic pores of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (holotype, NBFGR/MURGTAM). Supraorbital pores (SO) - Blue closed dots, Infraorbital pores (IO) - Green, Mandibular pores (M) - Red, Branchial pores (B) - Black; DFO - dorsal-fin origin, PN - Posterior nostril, AN - Anterior nostril, GO - Gill opening.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="27155481B04A06262F28BE5DFB5BE207" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/27155481B04A06262F28BE5DFB5BE207" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Table 1.</emphasis>
Meristic and morphometric characters of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. compared with other short brown unpatterned moray described from Indian waters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="2">-</th>
<th colspan="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. andamanensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. mishrai" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mishrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. mishrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. odishi" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odishi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. odishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Holotype</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Paratype</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Paratype</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Paratype</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">n = 2</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">n = 1</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">n = 11</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Total length (mm)</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">487</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">451</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">296</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">272</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">325-464</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">324</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">420-700</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">In TL</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Pre-anal length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.1-2.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1.9-2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Predorsal length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.9-10.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.4-10.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Head length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.7-7.6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Depth at gill opening</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">22.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">28.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">32.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">15-17.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">19.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.5-18.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Depth at anus</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">31.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">31.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">38.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">49.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">16-19.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">24.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">17.3-24.0</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">In HL</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Snout length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4.3-5.4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Eye diameter</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">10.3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.7-7.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">20.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.6-10.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Inter-orbital space</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">12.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">11.1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.7-8.8</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8.7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">6.0-7.9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Jaw length</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.2-2.4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2.2-2.8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="8" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Vertebrae</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Pre-dorsal vertebrae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Pre-anal vertebrae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">59</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">59</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56-58</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Total vertebrae</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">150</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">143</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">139</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">140</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">135-136</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">134</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">134-138</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Counts and measurements of the holotype in mm: TL 487.8, pre-anal length 223.1, tail length 260.7, trunk length 155, pre-dorsal length 44.4, head length 59.6, depth at anus 15.7, width at anus 12.3, snout length 9.2, eye diameter 5.7, upper jaw length 23.9, interorbital width 8.5, gill opening 6.8. Vertebral formula 3-59-150.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="colouration">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Colouration.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
In fresh condition, body uniform chocolate brown, head with numerous line marks, ventral-most portion of lower body pale, dorsal fin brown, dorsal-fin margin black, anal-fin margin whitish, head pores with white rim, series of small dark spots forming several lines on head and a single line of black spot-on mid-line of body (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL, fresh colouration, collected from Mudasalodai fish landing centre, off Cuddalore, Bay of Bengal." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828971" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">2</figureCitation>
). After preservation, body tanned, series of small dark spot lines remain the same in the head and body (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR / MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL preserved colouration." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828974" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828974" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kodeeswaran &amp; Kantharajan &amp; Mohapatra &amp; Ajith Kumar &amp; Kumar Sarkar" authorityYear="2023" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. holotype, NBFGR/MURGTAM, 487.8 mm TL preserved colouration.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Indian Ocean: off Cuddalore Coast, Bay of Bengal, southeast coast of India. The species were collected at a depth of about 25-30 metres.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
The species is named &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
&quot; with reference to the state Tamil Nadu from where it was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
The brown unpatterned groups of morays were divided into two groups by 
<bibRefCitation author="Boehlke, EB" journalOrPublisher="Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="89 - 109" refId="B2" refString="Boehlke, EB, 1997. Notes on the identity of elongate unpatterned Indo-Pacific morays, with description of a new species (Muraenidae, Subfamily Muraeninae). Proceedings. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 147: 89 - 109" title="Notes on the identity of elongate unpatterned Indo-Pacific morays, with description of a new species (Muraenidae, Subfamily Muraeninae). Proceedings." volume="147" year="1997">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
(1997
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Boehlke, EB" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="395 - 416" refId="B3" refString="Boehlke, EB, 2000. Notes on the identity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Pacific Science 54 (4): 395 - 416" title="Notes on the identity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)." volume="54" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
): the long brown unpatterned morays (&gt; 150 vertebrae) and the short brown unpatterned morays (&lt;150 vertebrae). The species described herein comes under the short brown unpatterned moray. From Indian waters, only three species of short brown unpatterned morays have been described to date (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11" author="Mohapatra, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="189 - 196" refId="B11" refString="Mohapatra, A, Kiruba-Sankar, R, Praveenraj, J, Mohanty, SR, 2019. A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India. Zootaxa 4661 (1): 189 - 196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11" title="A new short brown unpatterned moray eel Gymnothorax andamanensis (Muraenidae: Muraeninae) from Andaman waters, India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4661.1.11" volume="4661" year="2019">Mohapatra et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). All three short brown unpatterned morays reported from India have smooth teeth, and the new species clearly differs from all three species in having serrated teeth. The new species differs from all the Indian water short brown morays by having jaw pores with white rim (vs. black in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. andamanensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, brown in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. mishrai" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mishrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. mishrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and dark in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. odishi" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odishi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. odishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); having more total vertebrae (139-150 vs. 135-136 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. andamanensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 134 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. mishrai" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mishrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. mishrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 133-138 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. odishi" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odishi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. odishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); smaller snout (6.5-7.4 in HL vs. 4.4 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. andamanensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 6.5 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. mishrai" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mishrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. mishrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4.3-5.4 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. odishi" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odishi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. odishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); having a distinct series of lines of small dark spots present on head and a single line of black spot on the mid-line of the body (vs. absent in all the other species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
The new species shares serrate teeth with 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Pietschmann" baseAuthorityYear="1935" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax atolli" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax atolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pietschmann, 1935), 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. australicola" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. australicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lavenberg 1992, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. panamensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Steindachner, 1876) and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pindae" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Smith 1962, but the new species differs from the species mentioned above by having more total vertebrae (139-150 vs. 127-133 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. atolli" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. atolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 122-137 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. panamensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 110-124 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pindae" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), fewer predorsal vertebrae (3 vs. 4-6 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. atolli" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. atolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 5-6 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. australicola" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. australicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 8-12 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. panamensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 5-7 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pindae" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and uniserial maxillary teeth (vs. biserial in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. atolli" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. atolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. australicola" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. australicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. panamensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
Further, the new species differs from the other unpatterned morays, such as 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Beebe &amp; Tee-Van" authorityYear="1933" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax herrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax herrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Beebe &amp; Tee-Van, 1933, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. kontodontos" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kontodontos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. kontodontos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
, 2000, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. microstictus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. microstictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
, 2000 and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pseudoherrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pseudoherrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
, 2000 by having serrate teeth (vs. smooth in all the remaining species); more total vertebrae (139-150 vs. 108-122 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. herrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. herrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 126-135 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. kontodontos" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kontodontos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. kontodontos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 113-121 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. microstictus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. microstictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 110-118 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pseudoherrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pseudoherrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); more pre-anal vertebrae (56-59 vs. 45-50 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. herrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. herrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 40-43 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. kontodontos" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kontodontos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. kontodontos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 40-44 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. microstictus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. microstictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 44-50 in 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pseudoherrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pseudoherrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Comparative characters from short brown unpatterned Gymnothorax (data obtained from Boehlke (2000) and specimens examined from India)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FF8E4EF7A299D966EEB4C7464EF40F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" tableUuid="5FF8E4EF7A299D966EEB4C7464EF40F1">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="5FF8E4EF7A299D966EEB4C7464EF40F1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5FF8E4EF7A299D966EEB4C7464EF40F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Table 2.</emphasis>
Comparative characters from short brown unpatterned 
<taxonomicName family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(data obtained from 
<bibRefCitation author="Boehlke, EB" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" pagination="395 - 416" refId="B3" refString="Boehlke, EB, 2000. Notes on the identity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae). Pacific Science 54 (4): 395 - 416" title="Notes on the identity of small, brown, unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae)." volume="54" year="2000">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhlke">Boehlke</normalizedToken>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
and specimens examined from India).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<th colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. tamilnaduensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tamilnaduensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. tamilnaduensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. andamanensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. andamanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. atolli" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atolli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. atolli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. australicola" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australicola">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. australicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. herrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. herrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. kontodontos" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kontodontos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. kontodontos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. microstictus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microstictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. microstictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. mishrai" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mishrai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. mishrai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. odishi" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="odishi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. odishi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. panamensis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pindae" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pindae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pseudoherrei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pseudoherrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Branchial pores</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Pre-dorsal vert.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4-6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7-11</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7-9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4-5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">5-9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Pre-anal vert.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">56-59</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">57</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">51-54</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">52-56</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">45-50</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">40-43</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">40-44</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">59</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">55-58</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">50-55</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">42-46</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">44-50</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Total vert.</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">139-150</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">135-136</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">127-133</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">141-146</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">108-122</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">126-135</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">113-121</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">134</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">133-138</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">122-137</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">110-124</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">110-118</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Jaw pores</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">White rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Black rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">White rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">White rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Pale rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Pale rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Brown rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Brown rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Dark rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">White rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Brown rim</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Brown rim</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Median EV teeth</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0-3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2-3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Inner EV teeth</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8-14</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">7-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8-15</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9-13</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0-7</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">9-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">0-10</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">8-21</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">MX teeth</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2-3 series</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">1-2 series</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Biserial</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">DFO/GO</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Behind</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Behind</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Behind</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Before</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">VM teeth</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">2-3 series</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Uniserial</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Irregular</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Staggered</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Staggered</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Teeth edge</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Serrate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Serrate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Serrate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Serrate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Serrate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" rowspan="1">Smooth</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="253" type="molecular analysis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
Based on the 16s rRNA gene sequences, the new species exhibits 8.0% genetic divergence with 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. reticularis" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticularis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. reticularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sequences in the Kimura 2 parameter. Further, the new species exhibits 10.1% genetic divergence with 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. sagmacephalus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sagmacephalus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. sagmacephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, followed by 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. albimarginatus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albimarginatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. albimarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 11.2%-12.1%, 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. castaneus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. castaneus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(11.9%) and 
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="G. pictus" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">G. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(12.6%). The Maximum Likelihood tree (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. The Maximum Likelihood tree of the genus Gymnothorax plotted with a model of HKY + G + I with 1000 bootstrap replicates, based on 16 s rRNA sequences (500 bp). Each node represents branch support values." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828975" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">6</figureCitation>
) shows the new species forms a strongly distinct clade from the congeners with a high bootstrap value supporting the status as a new species.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.99.100461.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/828975" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="253">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Figure 6.</emphasis>
The Maximum Likelihood tree of the genus 
<taxonomicName family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnothorax" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="253" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="253">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plotted with a model of HKY+G+I with 1000 bootstrap replicates, based on 16s rRNA sequences (500 bp). Each node represents branch support values.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>