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<document id="A1D24C9F38601590CA8C3CF32685C5EC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177900" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ec7c8a8-ed53-4665-a4cb-1fe983c8b9c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177900" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459876100798" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Xue, Hua, Baozhen, Cai, Lijun &amp; Huang, Pengying" docDate="2007" docId="03D887A442787609FF16F9E1FA4EF97F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01542p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1542" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FFE1FFDC427A760EFF81FFBFFFC1FFB7" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Shaanxi, China with notes on their biology" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="61" updateTime="1698227057905" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="E3E81215311B8661AFAFD71CD33F70AC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="2E7E45A6AA03F71CF06EE4633F6AA2C8">Two new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Shaanxi, China with notes on their biology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D4D0AF6409E0A9D01B1DC27A302EE346" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0C8F9BD734F22E6364C938FCE9CCDDC0">Li, Xue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7214DD1F2D3BB9677A3DE2DE9B79A97C">Hua, Baozhen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1FC2605E4D6C45702E7F70EA72B16E4D">Cai, Lijun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="00FE4B65331345901C5F20F6A4036695">Huang, Pengying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C97A098606E8488C1906ED803B1930C0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C4E019580D374BE229EF67A92F8C0847">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="990F4ED7DD5DAA3828AD8594E149704A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="67C7732981F7E7B9F62F5C5D08808A4D">1542</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="CCFA265DCFCBCEE3E95F8E703C72B3CC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DE87F616B1BE58DAAAD45ECD32474B6B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.177900</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="893B9067CD975D2A182010552E9FFDE2" type="Zenodo-Dep">177900</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D887A442787609FF16F9E1FA4EF97F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6242802" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119370118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6242802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D887A442787609FF16F9E1FA4EF97F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887A442787609FF16F9E1FA4EF97F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C36B65394278760CFF16F9E1FDA6F92C" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24278760CFF16F9E1FDB6F9CF" blockId="2.[151,631,1630,1691]" box="[151,631,1630,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<heading id="D08681DE4278760CFF16F9E1FDB6F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,631,1630,1656]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04278760CFF16F9E1FDB6F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,631,1630,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="4C714D314278760CFF16F9E1FDCCF9CF" ID-CoL="4CGDG" authority="Hua et Li" authorityName="Hua et Li" box="[151,525,1630,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04278760CFF16F9E1FE4CF9CF" bold="true" box="[151,397,1630,1656]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
Hua et Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657DB4278760CFD9BF9E1FDB6F9CF" box="[538,631,1630,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24278760CFF16F93EFDA6F92C" blockId="2.[151,631,1630,1691]" box="[151,615,1665,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
(
<figureCitation id="134A2A374278760CFF1EF93EFF33F92C" box="[159,242,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,833,857]" captionTargetBox="[273,1313,185,806]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[273,1314,185,806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genital bulb: A, ventral view; B, ventrocaudal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177904/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A374278760CFF7EF93EFECEF92C" box="[255,271,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A374278760CFE9DF93EFEECF92C" box="[284,301,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[278,1308,212,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,197,1460]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., female genitalia: A, genital plate in ventral view, with basal plate being extended; B, same, in normal position; C, genital plate, dorsal view; D – F, subgenital plate. bp, basal plate of genital plate. (A – C of same scale; D – F of same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177906/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134A2A374278760CFEB8F93EFE86F92C" box="[313,327,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,255,869,893]" captionTargetBox="[415,1169,227,824]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[415,1171,197,842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Terga 3 – 4 in male. A – B. Panorpa byersi; C – D, Panorpa brevicornis; A, C, lateral view; B, D, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177907/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">7</figureCitation>
C–D, 8B, 9A–D, 10, 11)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36B653942787609FF16F96FFA4EF97F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24278760CFF16F96FFDA9F8A4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1744,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04278760CFF16F96FFEC8F95D" bold="true" box="[151,265,1744,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54CA88104278760CFF16F96FFEC8F95D" box="[151,265,1744,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: male,
<collectingCountry id="F36676224278760CFEE0F96EFE03F95C" box="[353,450,1745,1771]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: SHAANXI: Double Ribbon Fall (
<quantity id="4C899B574278760CFCDAF96EFC70F95C" box="[859,945,1745,1771]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420m</quantity>
), Liping National Forest Park, Nanzheng,
<date id="FFCF10724278760CFF16F946FECCF8A4" box="[151,269,1785,1811]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="2005-05-20">20.v.2005</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4550754278760CFE98F946FE41F8A4" box="[281,384,1785,1811]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="925" value="32.8">32°48’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4550754278760CFE04F946FE39F8A4" box="[389,504,1785,1811]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" precision="925" value="106.666664">106°40’E</geoCoordinate>
, L.J. Cai.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24278760CFF47F89FFB3DF8D4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1744,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04278760CFF47F89FFE82F88D" bold="true" box="[198,323,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<typeStatus id="54CA88104278760CFF47F89FFE82F88D" box="[198,323,1824,1850]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F36676224278760CFED5F89EFE77F88C" box="[340,438,1825,1851]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">CHINA</collectingCountry>
: SHAANXI: 1Ψ, same data as
<typeStatus id="54CA88104278760CFCABF89EFC55F88C" box="[810,916,1825,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 1ɗ5Ψ, Liping Forest Farm (
<quantity id="4C899B574278760CFB6EF89EFA4EF88C" box="[1263,1423,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.42" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1460.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1420.0">1420–1500m</quantity>
),
<date id="FFCF10724278760CFF16F8F6FECCF8D4" box="[151,269,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="2005-05-22">22.v.2005</date>
, coll. L.J. Cai; 5ɗ2Ψ, Liping Forest Farm (
<quantity id="4C899B574278760CFC84F8F6FC64F8D4" box="[773,933,1865,1891]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.42" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" unit="m" value="1460.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="1420.0">1420–1500m</quantity>
),
<date id="FFCF10724278760CFC3BF8F6FC2CF8D4" box="[954,1005,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="2005-06">4.vi.</date>
&amp;
<date id="FFCF10724278760CFB92F8F6FB4DF8D4" box="[1043,1164,1865,1891]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" value="2005-07-08">8.vii.2005</date>
, L.J. Cai.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24278760DFF47F8CEFCB3FF6D" blockId="2.[151,1436,1744,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,218]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
Diagnosis. It is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C714D314278760CFDBEF8CEFC18F83C" authority="Cheng, 1949" authorityName="Cheng" authorityYear="1949" box="[575,985,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginata">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04278760CFDBEF8CEFCF4F83D" box="[575,821,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Panorpa emarginata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE04B434278760CFCBFF8CEFC18F83C" author="Cheng" box="[830,985,1905,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" refString="Cheng, F. Y. (1949) New species of Mecoptera from northwest China. Psyche, 56, 139 - 173." type="journal article" year="1949">Cheng, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from Qingling Mountains in appearance and wing coloration, but is distinguishable from the latter by: 1) The anal horn on the sixth tergum very short and stout; 2) The hypovalves of 9th sternum in male short, reaching 3/5 of the basistyle; hypovalve with short setae along the mesal margin; 3) Parameres with dense short stout setae along the dorsal mesal line on its distal half; 4) Dorsal basal plate absent in female genital plate.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E663A4279760DFF16FAC5FDC0FA04" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177903/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[299,1268,280,1369]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24279760DFF16FAC5FDC0FA04" blockId="3.[151,1436,1402,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04279760DFF16FAC5FED9FA25" bold="true" box="[151,280,1402,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C714D314279760DFE9EFAC5FDA1FA26" authority="Hua et Huang" authorityName="Hua et Huang" box="[287,608,1402,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EAA04279760DFE9EFAC5FE02FA26" box="[287,451,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Panorpa byersi</emphasis>
Hua et Huang
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B905EAA04279760DFDEAFAC5FD7BFA25" bold="true" box="[619,698,1402,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657DB4279760DFDEAFAC5FD7BFA25" box="[619,698,1402,1426]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female genitalia: A,B, genital plate, ventral view; C,D, genital plate, dorsal view; E,F, subgenital plate.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B24279760DFF47F9B0FE76F80E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1551,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Description. Male: Body mostly black. Vertex black, ocellar triangle and frons black. Rostrum reddish brown. Antennal scape reddish brown, pedicel and basal flagellum yellowish brown, remaining part blackish brown, with 39 flagellomeres. Pronotum blackish brown; Meso- and metanotum black; pleural sides pale yellow. Abdominal segments 1–5 black in terga and sterna, milky yellow on pleural sides; segment 6 wholly black; segments 7–9 yellow. The notal organ only a small semicircular projection at posterior margin of 3rd tergum, resting on small sharply raised tip on central part of 4th tergum (
<figureCitation id="134A2A374279760DFC68F968FBF8F946" box="[1001,1081,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="6.[151,255,869,893]" captionTargetBox="[415,1169,227,824]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[415,1171,197,842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 7. Terga 3 – 4 in male. A – B. Panorpa byersi; C – D, Panorpa brevicornis; A, C, lateral view; B, D, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177907/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
C–D). A single anal horn with base blackish brown and apex yellowish brown at posterior margin of 6th tergum, but very short and very stout. Segment 7 elongated, very narrow at base, but gradually expanded smoothly toward apex. Segment 8 with no obvious constriction (
<figureCitation id="134A2A374279760DFE75F8F0FDFBF8DE" box="[500,570,1871,1897]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1370,1394]" captionTargetBox="[235,1329,960,1329]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[235,1352,949,1344]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 8. Terminal abdominal segments in male. A, Panorpa byersi; B, Panorpa brevicornis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177908/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). Forewing
<quantity id="4C899B574279760DFD62F8F0FC9AF8DE" box="[739,859,1871,1897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.417" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="14.17">14.17 mm</quantity>
long and
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wide, membranes transparent, pterostigma prominent, with a vague cloudy apical band. Hindwing
<quantity id="4C899B574279760DFC3DF8C8FBF5F826" box="[956,1076,1911,1937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.333" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="13.33">13.33 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C899B574279760DFB2AF8C8FAC4F826" box="[1195,1285,1911,1937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
wide, markings similar to forewing.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E663A427E760AFF16FCFEFAF5FCEF" box="[151,1332,833,857]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177904/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[273,1313,185,806]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427E760AFF16FCFEFAF5FCEF" blockId="4.[151,1332,833,857]" box="[151,1332,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFF16FCFEFED8FCEE" bold="true" box="[151,281,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427E760AFEA1FCFEFDABFCEF" authority="Hua et Li" authorityName="Hua et Li" box="[288,618,833,856]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFEA1FCFEFE3DFCEF" box="[288,508,833,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
Hua et Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFDF4FCFEFD02FCEE" bold="true" box="[629,707,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657DB427E760AFDF4FCFEFD02FCEE" box="[629,707,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genital bulb: A, ventral view; B, ventrocaudal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0E663A427E760AFF16FA0CFC39FA5C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" targetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427E760AFF16FA0CFC39FA5C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1459,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFF16FA0CFEDBFA7C" bold="true" box="[151,282,1459,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427E760AFEA0FA0BFDADFA7C" authority="Hua et Li" authorityName="Hua et Li" box="[289,620,1460,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFEA0FA0BFE3CFA7C" box="[289,509,1460,1483]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
Hua et Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427E760AFDF9FA0CFD07FA7C" bold="true" box="[632,710,1459,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657DB427E760AFDF9FA0CFD07FA7C" box="[632,710,1459,1483]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427E760AFF47F9A3FEB7F859" blockId="4.[151,1436,1564,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Male genitalia: The genital bulb moderately long and rounded (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFC28F9A3FC33F981" box="[937,1010,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,255,833,857]" captionTargetBox="[273,1313,185,806]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[273,1314,185,806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genital bulb: A, ventral view; B, ventrocaudal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177904/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Hypovalves of ninth sternum quite short, only reaching 3/5 of basistyle, widened from mid-length, with short stout setae along mesal margin at distal half, setae shorter than width of hypovalve, approximately
<quantity id="4C899B57427E760AFC0FF9D3FC08F931" box="[910,969,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="in" value="12.0">12 in</quantity>
number on each side (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFB50F9D3FAD7F931" box="[1233,1302,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). Tergum 9 broad subquadrate and narrowed gradually with apex deeply emarginate and bilobed in U-shape (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFAAEF92BFAB7F919" box="[1327,1398,1684,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A). Basistyle long, roughly 2.5 times length of dististyle. Dististyle short and stout with outer margin slightly concave from middle; the basal cup prominent, extending to 1/3 of dististyle. Parameres long, obviously extending over the distal end of basistyle, evenly curved from side view, but the basal half hidden behind basistyle; paramere with a mesal process articulating with penis, and another small subbasal process articulating with basistyle (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFE8CF8E3FE93F8C1" box="[269,338,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
C); distal half of paramere with dense short setae on dorsal mesal line (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFB0AF8E3FB11F8C1" box="[1163,1232,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D). Dorsal valves of penis reaching apex of basistyle; ventral valve short, only extending to 1/2 of dorsal valves; a forked process articulating the penis with basistyle present at mid-length along outer margin of penis, usually hidden by basistyle (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427E760AFE8CF86BFE92F859" box="[269,339,2004,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1459,1483]" captionTargetBox="[217,1394,922,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1413,913,1433]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., male genitalia: A, ninth tergum; B, hypovalves; C, right paramere, ventral view; D, distal part of right paramere, dorsal view; E, penis, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177905/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E663A427F760BFF16FA71FD6EF99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177906/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[278,1308,212,1447]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427F760BFF16FA71FD6EF99C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1486,1579]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427F760BFF16FA71FEDBFA51" bold="true" box="[151,282,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427F760BFEA3FA70FDB0FA52" authority="Hua et Li" authorityName="Hua et Li" box="[290,625,1486,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427F760BFEA3FA70FDC1FA51" box="[290,512,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
Hua et Li
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427F760BFDFCFA71FD0DFA51" bold="true" box="[637,716,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23657DB427F760BFDFCFA71FD0DFA51" box="[637,716,1486,1510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female genitalia: A, genital plate in ventral view, with basal plate being extended; B, same, in normal position; C, genital plate, dorsal view; D–F, subgenital plate. bp, basal plate of genital plate. (A–C of same scale; D–F of same scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427F760BFF47F93EFE8FF974" blockId="5.[151,1436,1665,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Female: Forewing
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long,
<quantity id="4C899B57427F760BFDEEF93EFD74F92C" box="[623,693,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
wide; hindwing
<quantity id="4C899B57427F760BFC00F93EFC3DF92C" box="[897,1020,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="13.75">13.75 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="4C899B57427F760BFB8AF93EFBB7F92C" box="[1035,1142,1665,1691]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.58" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="3.58">3.58 mm</quantity>
wide. Wings and colour similar to male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427F760BFF47F96EFACEF83C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1665,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Female genitalia: Subgenital plate wide at base, gradually narrowed toward apex, some individuals shallowly emarginate at apex (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427F760BFE61F946FDF7F8A4" box="[480,566,1785,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[278,1308,212,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,197,1460]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., female genitalia: A, genital plate in ventral view, with basal plate being extended; B, same, in normal position; C, genital plate, dorsal view; D – F, subgenital plate. bp, basal plate of genital plate. (A – C of same scale; D – F of same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177906/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
D–F). Genital plate with prolongation of apical plate wider, acute, and deeply U-shaped emarginated; ventral basal plate folded on ventral part of genital plate, dorsal basal plate lacking; axial portion extending beyond postero-median margin of apical plate, reaching bottom of U-shaped emargination of apical plate; anterior apodemes slender in ventral aspect, divergent (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427F760BFBF4F8CEFB07F83C" box="[1141,1222,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1486,1510]" captionTargetBox="[278,1308,212,1447]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[264,1323,197,1460]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Panorpa brevicornis Hua et Li, sp. nov., female genitalia: A, genital plate in ventral view, with basal plate being extended; B, same, in normal position; C, genital plate, dorsal view; D – F, subgenital plate. bp, basal plate of genital plate. (A – C of same scale; D – F of same scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177906/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
A–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427F760BFF47F826FD0AF86C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1665,2011]" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin,
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427F760BFCF3F826FC6CF805" box="[882,941,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">brevi</emphasis>
-(short) and
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427F760BFBBEF826FB48F805" box="[1087,1161,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">cornis</emphasis>
(horn), referring to the short anal horn on the sixth abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0E663A427C7608FF16FCDAFA48FCCB" box="[151,1417,869,893]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177907/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[415,1169,227,824]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427C7608FF16FCDAFA48FCCB" blockId="6.[151,1417,869,893]" box="[151,1417,869,893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FF16FCDAFED8FCCA" bold="true" box="[151,281,869,893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Terga 3–4 in male. A–B.
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427C7608FDACFCDAFD13FCCB" box="[557,722,869,892]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FDACFCDAFD13FCCB" box="[557,722,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Panorpa byersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C–D,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427C7608FCA1FCDAFC3DFCCB" box="[800,1020,869,892]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FCA1FCDAFC3DFCCB" box="[800,1020,869,892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; A,C, lateral view; B,D, dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0E663A427C7608FF16FAE5FB5BFAC5" box="[151,1178,1370,1394]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177908/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[235,1329,960,1329]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427C7608FF16FAE5FB5BFAC5" blockId="6.[151,1178,1370,1394]" box="[151,1178,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FF16FAE5FEDBFAC5" bold="true" box="[151,282,1370,1394]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Terminal abdominal segments in male. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427C7608FD65FAE4FC48FAC5" box="[740,905,1371,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FD65FAE4FC48FAC5" box="[740,905,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Panorpa byersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427C7608FC36FAE4FB53FAC5" box="[951,1170,1371,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427C7608FC36FAE4FB53FAC5" box="[951,1170,1371,1394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427C7608FF47FA1AFBC9FA08" blockId="6.[151,1437,1444,2031]" box="[198,1032,1444,1471]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Distribution: Shaanxi (Micang Mountain and Taibai Mountain),
<collectingCountry id="F3667622427C7608FC3BFA1AFBC5FA08" box="[954,1028,1445,1471]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427C7608FF47FA72FF32F890" blockId="6.[151,1437,1444,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Biology and habitat: This new species completes one generation per year, overwintering as mature larvae in soil cells. The adults occur from mid May to early August. Females deposit eggs in cluster inside soil crevice. Egg duration lasts 6–9 days. Eggs are ovoid,
<quantity id="4C899B57427C7608FD5CF9A2FC49F980" box="[733,904,1565,1591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" metricValueMax="1.25" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.115" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="0.98">0.98–1.25 mm</quantity>
long and
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wide, sordid brown, covered with polygonal cell network. After the covering is removed, the chorion can be observed with many polygonal cells (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427C7608FED8F9D2FE6FF930" box="[345,430,1645,1671]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1475,1499]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,986,1448]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,986,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 11. Panorpa brevicornis: A, egg surface; B, egg surface, with the covering removed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177910/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Larval stages have four instars, lasting 28–50 days before entering diapause in laboratory. The larva is of eruciform
<typeStatus id="54CA8810427C7608FD92F92AFD89F918" box="[531,584,1685,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
, with prominent compound eyes on pariental region of head; thorax with three pairs of long thoracic legs; abdomen with eight pairs of prolegs on first eight abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="134A2A37427C7608FAE0F902FF74F948" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="8.[151,255,920,944]" captionTargetBox="[173,1412,187,893]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,187,894]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 10. Panorpa brevicornis: A, egg; B, first instar larva; C, third instar larva." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177909/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">Figs. 10</figureCitation>
B–C). This species also occurs in mountainous regions, preferring moist habitat with many bushes and grasses.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427C7609FF47F88AFBCBF9B0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1444,2031]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1034,1520,1544]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
Remarks: The rostrum is reddish brown in most individuals, but yellowish brown in some specimens. Antennal flagellum consists of 37–40 flagellomeres, mostly 39. Forewing length is
<quantity id="4C899B57427C7608FBE7F8E2FAF0F8C0" box="[1126,1329,1885,1911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.517" metricValueMax="1.667" metricValueMin="1.367" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="15.17" valueMax="16.67" valueMin="13.67">13.67–16.67 mm</quantity>
, on average
<quantity id="4C899B57427C7608FF47F83AFE81F828" box="[198,320,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.471" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="14.71">14.71 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4C899B57427C7608FE17F83AFD82F828" box="[406,579,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.83" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="3.58" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.83" valueMax="4.08" valueMin="3.58">3.58–4.08 mm</quantity>
, on average
<quantity id="4C899B57427C7608FD54F83AFC81F828" box="[725,832,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.88" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.88">3.88 mm</quantity>
; in males, almost no markings, only the cloudy apical spot prominent. However, the markings in female shows much variation. In some specimens, pterostigmal band is almost complete, only broken at middle; usually only with basal branch, the distal branch is
<emphasis id="B905EAA0427D7609FF16FA4FFED8F9BF" bold="true" box="[151,281,1520,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
A–D,
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<emphasis id="B905EAA0427D7609FEE0FA4EFDFCF9BF" box="[353,573,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Panorpa brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; E–F,
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<taxonomicName id="4C714D31427D7609FD02FA4EFCEAF9BF" box="[643,811,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Panorpidae" genus="Panorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="byersi">Panorpa byersi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A,B,E, Ψ; C,D,F, ♂.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCE36B2427D7609FF16F9E1FA4EF97F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1630,1736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
completely absent or only a small spot left; in most cases, pterostigmal band is lacking, only the vague and cloudy apical band is present; in some individuals, there sre no markings at all. Hindwing length is
<quantity id="4C899B57427D7609FACAF939FED0F97F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.333" metricValueMax="1.458" metricValueMin="1.208" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.33" valueMax="14.58" valueMin="12.08">12.08– 14.58 mm</quantity>
, on average
<quantity id="4C899B57427D7609FE20F911FDDAF97F" box="[417,539,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.326" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="13.26">13.26 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="4C899B57427D7609FDF1F911FCCFF97F" box="[624,782,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.64" metricValueMax="4.08" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="3.64" valueMax="4.08" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.08 mm</quantity>
, on average
<quantity id="4C899B57427D7609FC21F911FBCAF97F" box="[928,1035,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.74" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="3.74">3.74 mm</quantity>
; similar to forewing in markings.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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