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20.
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<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF17184EFE50DB5F" bold="true" box="[193,429,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia tentaculata</emphasis>
(
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)
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Findings in
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.
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<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411887FF0BDBE7" box="[151,246,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFEA01887FE09DBE7" box="[374,500,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tentaculata</emphasis>
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:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFDD41887FCB5DBE7" author="Karaman, B. &amp; Karaman, G." box="[514,840,1195,1221]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="167 - 222" refId="ref48749" refString="Karaman, B. &amp; Karaman, G. (2007) Catalogus of the freshwater snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) of Serbia. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Glasnik Odjeljenja prirodnih nauka, Podgorica, 17, 167 - 222." type="journal article" year="2007">
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFDD41887FD09DBE7" box="[514,756,1195,1221]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Karaman &amp; Karaman</collectingRegion>
(2007)
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF4118E3FE86DBCB" ID-CoL="LXJH" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,379,1231,1257]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tentaculata">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF4118E3FE86DBCB" box="[151,379,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bithynia tentaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE5F18E3FDDDDBCB" author="Hesse, P." box="[393,544,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="230 - 240" refId="ref47674" refString="Hesse, P. (1929) Schnecken aus dem nordlichen Serbien. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 61 (1), 230 - 240." type="journal article" year="1929">
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFE5F18E3FE31DBCB" box="[393,460,1231,1257]" country="Germany" name="Hessen" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hesse</collectingRegion>
(1929)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFDFD18E3FD3ADBCB" author="Tomic, V." box="[555,711,1230,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref57655" refString="Tomic, V. (1959) s. n. In: P. S. Pavlovic's collection of the recent Gastropoda in the Natural History Museum in Beograd. SANU, Posebna izdanja, 27, pp. 1 - 74. [in Serbian]" type="journal article" year="1959">Tomić (1959)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFD0518E3FC1ADBCB" author="Matonickin, I. &amp; Pavletic, Z. &amp; Habdija, I. &amp; Stilinovic, B." box="[723,999,1230,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref51289" refString="Matonickin, I., Pavletic, Z., Habdija, I. &amp; Stilinovic, B. (1975) Prilog valorizacije voda ekosistema rijeke Save. Sveucilisna naklada Liber, Zagreb, 95 pp." type="book" year="1975">
Matoničkin
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFC8C18E3FC6FDBCB" box="[858,914,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(1975)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFC2418E3FB3BDBCB" author="Frank, C. &amp; Jungbluth, J. H. &amp; Richnovszky, A." box="[1010,1222,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref46532" refString="Frank, C., Jungbluth, J. H. &amp; Richnovszky, A. (1990) Die Mollusken der Donau vom Schwarzwald bis zum Schwarzen Meer: eine monographische Darstellung. Akaprint, Budapest, 142 pp." type="book" year="1990">
Frank
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFBEC18E3FB8FDBCB" box="[1082,1138,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(1990)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFB0418E3FA6ADBCB" author="Jovanovic, B." box="[1234,1431,1231,1257]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="21 - 26" refId="ref48209" refString="Jovanovic, B. (1990) Prilog poznavanju faune Gastropoda (Mollusca) Deliblatske pescare. Glasnik Prirodnjackog muzeja, 45, 21 - 26. [in Serbian]" type="journal article" year="1990">Jovanović (1990)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFF4118DFFE98DA2F" author="Arambasic, M." box="[151,357,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="124 - 130" refId="ref43206" refString="Arambasic, M. (1994) Composition and structure of mollusc fauna of the Yugoslav part of the Danube and saprobity estimation. In: Jankovic, D. &amp; Jovicic, M. (Eds.), The Danube in Yugoslavia: Contamination, protection and exploitation. Institute for Biological Research Sinisa Stankovic, Beograd, pp. 124 - 130." type="book chapter" year="1994">Arambašić (1994)</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFEA718DFFE25DA2F" box="[369,472,1267,1293]" country="Turkey" name="Karaman" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Karaman</collectingRegion>
(2001);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFDEF18DFFC4CDA2F" author="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. &amp; Paunovic, M. M. &amp; Stojanovic, B. &amp; Simic, V. M. &amp; Dikanovic, V. &amp; Veljkovic, A." box="[569,945,1266,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="237 - 242" refId="ref47998" refString="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D., Paunovic, M. M., Stojanovic, B., Simic, V. M., Dikanovic, V. &amp; Veljkovic, A. (2005) Observation of the quality of Danube water in the Belgrade region based on benthic animals during periods of high and low water conditions in 2002. Archives of Biological Sciences, 57 (3), 237 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 0503237 J" type="journal article" year="2005">
Jakovčev-Todorović
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFCF218DFFCA0DA2F" box="[804,861,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFC6B18DFFB70DA2C" author="Jovic, A. &amp; Paunovic, M. &amp; Stojanovic, B. &amp; Milosevic, S. &amp; Nikolic, V." box="[957,1165,1267,1294]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref48490" refString="Jovic, A., Paunovic, M., Stojanovic, B., Milosevic, S. &amp; Nikolic, V. (2006) Aquatic invertebrates of the Ribnica and Lepenica rivers: composition of the community and water quality. Archives of Biological Sciences, 58 (2), 115 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 0602115 J" type="journal article" year="2006">
Jović
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFBD618DFFBC5DA2F" box="[1024,1080,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFB4F18DFFA65DA2F" author="Paunovic, M. &amp; Csanyi, B. &amp; Knezevic, S. &amp; Simic, V. &amp; Nenadic, D. &amp; Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. &amp; Stojanovic, B. &amp; Cakic, P." box="[1177,1432,1267,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="105 - 112" refId="ref52761" refString="Paunovic, M., Csanyi, B., Knezevic, S., Simic, V., Nenadic, D., Jakovcev-Todorovic, D., Stojanovic, B. &amp; Cakic, P. (2007 a) Distribution of Asian clams Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) and C. fluminalis (Muller, 1774) in Serbia. Aquatic Invasions, 2 (2), 105 - 112. http: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2007.2.2.3" type="journal article" year="2007">
Paunović
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFADE18DFFAC4DA2F" box="[1288,1337,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. (2007a
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, 2008, 2012
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFECE193BFEDBDA12" box="[280,294,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">a</emphasis>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFE96193BFDC3DA13" author="Markovic, V. &amp; Atanackovic, A. &amp; Tubic, B. &amp; Vasiljevic, B. &amp; Kracun, M. &amp; Tomovic, J. &amp; Nikolic, V. &amp; Paunovic, M." box="[320,574,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref50860" refString="Markovic, V., Atanackovic, A., Tubic, B., Vasiljevic, B., Kracun, M., Tomovic, J., Nikolic, V. &amp; Paunovic, M. (2012) Indicative status assessment of the Danube River (Iron Gate sector 849 - 1,077 rkm) based on the aquatic macroinvertebrates. Water Research and Management, 2 (2), 41 - 46." type="journal article" year="2012">
Marković
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. (2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 2015);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFD49193BFBD1DA13" author="Martinovic-Vitanovic, V. M. &amp; Rakovic, M. J. &amp; Popovic, N. Z. &amp; Kalafatic, V. I." box="[671,1068,1303,1329]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="112 - 130" refId="ref51213" refString="Martinovic-Vitanovic, V. M., Rakovic, M. J., Popovic, N. Z. &amp; Kalafatic, V. I. (2013) Qualitative study of Mollusca communities in the Serbian Danube stretch (river km 1260 - 863.4). Biologia, 68 (1), 112 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 012 - 0137 - 3" type="journal article" year="2013">
Martinović-Vitanović
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFC4C193BFC28DA13" box="[922,981,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
; Novaković (2013, pers. comm. 2015);
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFF311917FE49DA77" author="Stojanovic, K. Z." box="[231,436,1339,1365]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref57231" refString="Stojanovic, K. Z. (2017) Influence of trout farms on macrozoobenthos communities with special emphasis on larvae of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 374 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]" type="book" year="2017">Stojanović (2017)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111972FC6DDA5B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1122,1977]" box="[199,912,1374,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111972FE83DA5B" bold="true" box="[199,382,1374,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Common name</emphasis>
. Faucet snail, common bithynia, mud bithynia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF1119AFFDF2DAC7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF1119AFFDF2DAC7" blockId="15.[151,1437,1122,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF1119AFFEA6DABF" bold="true" box="[199,347,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Morphology</emphasis>
. Small-sized snails (conical shell up to
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high). Yellowish shell has 5 whorls with deep suture. Operculum and aperture are acute-ovate, uumbilicus is closed. For more details see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFB4C198BFF48DAC7" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref60074" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes (2012: 38</bibRefCitation>
, figure on the top of the page).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37E44CEFFE6FFEFFF1119C2FEB5D89B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF1119C2FC3AD827" blockId="15.[151,1437,1122,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF1119C2FE10D92B" bold="true" box="[199,493,1518,1545]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
. West Palearctic species common in slow-flowing and standing waters. The snail inhabits both permanent and temporary waters, yet it prefers muddy substrate with dense vegetation, increased water conductivity and plenty of nutrients (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFDE51A1BFCDAD973" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." box="[563,807,1591,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref60074" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFCE71A1BFC4FD973" author="Gloer, P." box="[817,946,1591,1617]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref47000" refString="Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp." type="book" year="2019">Glöer 2019</bibRefCitation>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFC0F1A1BFBDED973" box="[985,1059,1591,1617]" name="Serbia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Serbia</collectingCountry>
, the species is present in all major drainages (rivers, canals, ponds/lakes), while in large rivers such as the Danube, Sava, Tisza and Velika Morava Rivers, populations can be quite abundant. Besides slow-flowing lowland rivers the species is found in medium-sized and smaller hilly-mountainous watercourses as well [Zapadna Morava River (Novaković 2013), Vrla,
<collectingRegion id="49A0D9A7FFE6FFEFFADA1A8FFABAD99F" box="[1292,1351,1699,1725]" country="Serbia" name="Raca" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Rača</collectingRegion>
, Crnica and Mlava Rivers (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFEBC1AEBFDD5D9C3" author="Stojanovic, K. Z." box="[362,552,1734,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref57231" refString="Stojanovic, K. Z. (2017) Influence of trout farms on macrozoobenthos communities with special emphasis on larvae of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 374 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]" type="book" year="2017">Stojanović 2017</bibRefCitation>
)].
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFD971AEBFCBED9C3" author="Welter-Schultes, F. W." box="[577,835,1735,1761]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref60074" refString="Welter-Schultes, F. W. (2012) European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification, planet poster editions. Planet Poster Editions, Gottingen, 674 pp. [in German]" type="book" year="2012">Welter-Schultes (2012)</bibRefCitation>
reports the presence of this species up to
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.a.s.l. (
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFF491AC7FED6D824" box="[159,299,1771,1798]" name="Switzerland" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
), while in
<collectingCountry id="F37357D5FFE6FFEFFE761AC7FE15D827" box="[416,488,1771,1797]" name="Serbia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Serbia</collectingCountry>
it reaches
<quantity id="4C9CBAA0FFE6FFEFFDB61AC7FD41D827" box="[608,700,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
.a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFD281AC7FC41D827" author="Stojanovic, K. Z." box="[766,956,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref57231" refString="Stojanovic, K. Z. (2017) Influence of trout farms on macrozoobenthos communities with special emphasis on larvae of the genus Baetis (Ephemeroptera, Insecta). University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 374 pp. [PhD. thesis, in Serbian]" type="book" year="2017">Stojanović 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDB1745FFE6FFEFFF111B22FEB5D89B" blockId="15.[151,1437,1122,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF111B22FE81D80B" bold="true" box="[199,380,1806,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Other remarks</emphasis>
. Sometimes an individual snail lives a year longer than its usual life span of 1224 months. Long-living individuals can be found in any population, they have an additional whorl, and they are described as
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFF411B7BFE81D853" box="[151,380,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF411B7BFF04D853" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,249,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Bithynia</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C646CC6FFE6FFEFFF2B1B7BFE81D853" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[253,380,1879,1905]" class="Gastropoda" family="Bithyniidae" genus="Bithynia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tentaculata">tentaculata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFE4F1B7BFE00D853" box="[409,509,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">producta</emphasis>
Menke 1828. Some authors even consider it as a valid species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFB131B7BFAB7D853" author="Gloer, P." box="[1221,1354,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref47000" refString="Gloer, P. (2019) The freshwater gastropods of the West-Palaearctis. Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Hetlingen, 399 pp." type="book" year="2019">Glöer 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Introduced and invasive species in North America (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFD761B57FCA1D8B7" author="Kipp, R. M. &amp; Benson, A. J. &amp; Larson, J. &amp; Fusaro, A." box="[672,860,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref49562" refString="Kipp, R. M., Benson, A. J., Larson, J. &amp; Fusaro, A. (2021) Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758). U. S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, Florida. Available from: https: // nas. er. usgs. gov / queries / FactSheet. aspx? speciesID = 987 (accessed 29 May 2021)" type="url" year="2021">
Kipp
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFD371B57FCE4D8B7" box="[737,793,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). On the IUCN Red List it has been assessed as LC (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF56AB4FFE6FFEFFF491BB3FEC3D89A" author="Seddon, M. B." box="[159,318,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4843953" refId="ref55505" refString="Seddon, M. B. (2011 c) Bithynia tentaculata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, 2011, e. T 155796 A 4843953. [down- loaded 3 May 2021]" type="journal article" year="2011">
Seddon 2011
<emphasis id="B910CB57FFE6FFEFFEE41BB3FEC3D89A" box="[306,318,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">c</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>