221 lines
27 KiB
XML
221 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="35E4FB78260234D5CA7433BFBEE45107" ID-CLB-Dataset="56010" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5125.5.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8a97814-08a4-4560-bf88-dae6a1068168" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6457464" ID-ZooBank="83063503-9061-428E-BD92-45F7117A2B03" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1649835751299" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Heffern, Daniel & Santos-Silva, Antonio" docDate="2022" docId="03B487D08721FFDD4693A0F96666080A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5125.5.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5125 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Estola freyi Breuning 1955" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="FF8DFFA88724FFDB4604A02665050A6B" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of American Parmenini, and notes on Estola freyi Breuning (Desmiphorini) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="595" masterPageNumber="589" pageNumber="594" updateTime="1699328911864" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="4718536587E18CD2A082920D112512D0">A new genus and species of American Parmenini, and notes on Estola freyi Breuning (Desmiphorini) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F60C56B2ED5CCA4A64C8B03D78CC0FD8">Heffern, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0ABBA02D48C75B08D1190740F8F1DE88">10531 Goldfield Lane, Houston, TX 77064, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="09EEE5B83C534F03056FE05C1214748F">Santos-Silva, Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B92974153BF2B06AB49EE12DCB231C6">Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BA1B1926A8EAA15D0BA8D40CA60607B3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="12DA33F31F905BDB9DFF3BF1CD99B5E7">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1E1CE8F74ADDC78D5C5BFC8903CFBA62">2022-04-13</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B487D08721FFDD4693A0F96666080A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194591725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6457470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487D08721FFDD4693A0F96666080A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B487D08721FFDD4693A0F96666080A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<paragraph id="8BA236C68721FFDE4693A0F964ED0A92" blockId="5.[151,488,223,286]" box="[151,488,223,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458721FFDE4693A0F964ED0A92" ID-CoL="3BK6D" authority="Breuning, 1955" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,488,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4693A0F964ED0A92" bold="true" box="[151,488,223,250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4693A0F964270A92" bold="true" box="[151,290,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Estola freyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE472EA0F964ED0A92" author="Breuning, S." box="[298,488,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="659 - 661" refId="ref3424" refString="Breuning, S. (1955) Neue Cerambyciden von der Insel Trinidad. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus der Museum G. Frey, 6 (2), 659 - 661." type="journal article" year="1955">Breuning, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307654D8721FFDE4693A12564220B75" box="[151,295,259,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA236C68721FFDE4693A12564220B75" blockId="5.[151,488,223,286]" box="[151,295,259,286]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13262A438721FFDE469BA125641A0B75" box="[159,287,259,286]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[151,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15) Estola freyi Breuning, 1955, paratype: 12) Dorsal habitus; 13) Lateral habitus; 14) Labels; 15) Upper eye lobes. 16) Estola ignobilis Bates, 1872, female from Costa Rica, upper eye lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6457472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Figs 12–15</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C307654D8721FFDE4693A16E660009F0" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA236C68721FFDE4693A16E61690B15" blockId="5.[151,1436,327,382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0D11E88721FFDE4693A16E61690B15" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE4693A16E64E70B34" author="Breuning, S." box="[151,482,327,352]" page="660" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="1955">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458721FFDE4693A16E64E70B34" ID-CoL="3BK6D" authority="Breuning, 1955: 660" authorityName="Breuning" authorityPageNumber="660" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,482,327,352]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4693A16E640F0B0B" box="[151,266,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Estola freyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE4714A16E64E70B34" author="Breuning, S." box="[272,482,327,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="659 - 661" refId="ref3424" refString="Breuning, S. (1955) Neue Cerambyciden von der Insel Trinidad. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus der Museum G. Frey, 6 (2), 659 - 661." type="journal article" year="1955">Breuning, 1955: 660</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE47EFA16167550B34" author="Breuning, S." box="[491,592,327,351]" page="509" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="1963">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE47EFA16167550B34" author="Breuning, S." box="[491,592,327,351]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="463 - 555" refId="ref3456" refString="Breuning, S. (1963) Catalogue des Lamiaires du Monde (Col., Cerambycidae). Museum G. Frey, Tutzing bei Munchen, 7, 463 - 555." type="journal article" year="1963">1963: 509</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.); 1974: 101; Monné, 1994: 45 (cat.);
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE45FDA16E60200B0B" author="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F." box="[1017,1317,328,352]" page="218" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE45FDA16E60200B0B" author="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F." box="[1017,1317,328,352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" refId="ref3660" refString="Monne, M. A. & Giesbert, E. F. (1994) Checklist of the Cerambycidae and Disteniidae (Coleoptera) of the Western Hemisphere. Wolfsgarden Books, Burbank, 409 pp." type="book" year="1994">Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 218</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE46C3A14064870B15" author="Monne, M. A." box="[199,386,358,382]" page="397" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE46C3A14064870B15" author="Monne, M. A." box="[199,386,358,382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="1 - 759" refId="ref3565" refString="Monne, M. A. (2005) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical Region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Zootaxa, 1023 (1), 1 - 759. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1023.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Monné, 2005: 397</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(cat.);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE47CEA14067F40B15" author="Monne M. A. & Hovore, F. T." box="[458,753,358,382]" page="245" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE47CEA14067F40B15" author="Monne M. A. & Hovore, F. T." box="[458,753,358,382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" refId="ref3698" refString="Monne M. A. & Hovore, F. T. (2006) A Checklist of the Cerambycidae, or longhorned wood-boring beetles, of the Western Hemisphere. Bio Quip Publications, Rancho Dominguez, 393 pp." type="book" year="2006">Monné & Hovore, 2006: 245</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(checklist);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABC10D78721FFDE4574A140612F0B15" author="Monne, M. A." box="[880,1066,358,382]" page="667" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" year="2022">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE4574A140612F0B15" author="Monne, M. A." box="[880,1066,358,382]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" refId="ref3615" refString="Monne, M. A. (2022) Catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region. Part II. Subfamily Lamiinae. Available from: https: // cerambycids. com / catalog / (accessed 26 January 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Monné, 2022: 667</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(cat.).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BA236C68721FFDE4693A18A660009F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,428,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE4693A18A64540BAC" author="Breuning, S." box="[151,337,428,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="659 - 661" refId="ref3424" refString="Breuning, S. (1955) Neue Cerambyciden von der Insel Trinidad. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus der Museum G. Frey, 6 (2), 659 - 661." type="journal article" year="1955">Breuning (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458721FFDE47C8A18A67480BAC" ID-CoL="3BK6D" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[460,589,428,455]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE47C8A18A67480BAC" box="[460,589,428,455]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Estola freyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD4F8721FFDE44BBA18B66600BAD" box="[703,869,428,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F30A76568721FFDE45AEA18A61910BAD" box="[938,1172,428,454]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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as follows (translated): “Antennae slightly longer than the body, antennomere III shorter than the scape or antennomere V, much shorter than the antennomere IV. Lower eye lobes 4 times as long as the genae. Head and pronotum very dense and very finely punctate. Pronotal lateral spine very small, conically pointed. Elytra rounded apically, very dense and finely punctate. Red, reddish-brown tomentose, the elytra marbled on posterior half with light yellow. The two apical thirds of the antennomeres IV and VIII, antennomeres V, VI, VII, IX and XI, except at the base, and antennomere segment X, except on basal part, dark brown. Length:
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<quantity id="4CE59B238721FFDE4504A2A3664008F4" box="[768,837,645,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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. Width: 1 1/
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<quantity id="4CE59B238721FFDE45CAA2A3611008F4" box="[974,1045,645,671]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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. Type from
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<collectingCountry id="F30A76568721FFDE429AA2A2600508F5" box="[1182,1280,644,670]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="FFA310068721FFDE4308A2A2607108F4" box="[1292,1396,644,671]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" value="1953-12">XII.1953</date>
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, G. and Helga Frey leg. –
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<specimenCount id="9D1BFD4F8721FFDE479FA28F671708A8" box="[411,530,681,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">1 paratype</specimenCount>
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same data as
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<typeStatus id="54A688648721FFDE44B2A28E661B08A9" box="[694,798,680,706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.” Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE457BA28E613E08A8" author="Breuning, S." box="[895,1083,680,707]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="1 - 210" refId="ref3490" refString="Breuning, S. (1974) Revision des Rhodopinini americains. Studia Entomologica, 17 (1 - 4), 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1974">Breuning (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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redescribed the species (translated): “Close to
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4750A2EA64A6088D" box="[340,419,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">hirsuta</emphasis>
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DeG., but the antennomere III much shorter than the IV, the lower eye lobes 4 times longer than the genae, the head and pronotum very densely and very finely punctate, the lateral spine of the pronotum very small, the elytra very densely punctate and different general appearance. Red, covered with reddish-brown pubescence. The elytra vaguely mottled on the posterior half with pale yellow. The two apical thirds of the antennomeres IV and VIII, the antennomeres V, VI, VII, IX and XI, except at the extreme base, and the antennomere X, except at the base, dark brown. Length:
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<quantity id="4CE59B238721FFDE47E9A3A7673409F0" box="[493,561,897,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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||
. Width:
|
||
<quantity id="4CE59B238721FFDE448AA3A667F209F0" box="[654,759,896,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
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||
.”
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF62664E8721FFDE4693A77266FC0DFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6457472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6457472/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" startId="5.[151,264,1876,1900]" targetBox="[152,1436,946,1852]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BA236C68721FFDE4693A77266FC0DFB" blockId="5.[151,1436,1876,1937]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">
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||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4693A77264A50D07" bold="true" box="[151,416,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">FIGURES 12–16. 12–15)</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458721FFDE47A2A77267BA0D07" authority="Breuning, 1955" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[422,703,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE47A2A772671F0D06" box="[422,538,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Estola freyi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378721FFDE4424A77267BA0D07" author="Breuning, S." box="[544,703,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" pagination="659 - 661" refId="ref3424" refString="Breuning, S. (1955) Neue Cerambyciden von der Insel Trinidad. Entomologischen Arbeiten aus der Museum G. Frey, 6 (2), 659 - 661." type="journal article" year="1955">Breuning, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, paratype:
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4529A772664A0D07" bold="true" box="[813,847,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">12)</emphasis>
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Dorsal habitus;
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<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE45F7A77261100D07" bold="true" box="[1011,1045,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">13)</emphasis>
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Lateral habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE42BAA77261E50D07" bold="true" box="[1214,1248,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">14)</emphasis>
|
||
Labels;
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4331A772605D0D07" bold="true" box="[1333,1368,1876,1900]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">15)</emphasis>
|
||
Upper eye lobes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE4707A75E64200DFB" bold="true" box="[259,293,1912,1936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">16)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458721FFDE472FA75E674E0DFA" authority="Bates, 1872" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" box="[299,587,1912,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48721FFDE472FA75E64CE0DFB" box="[299,459,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="594">Estola ignobilis</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female from Costa Rica, upper eye lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C307654D8722FFDD46C3A0B16666080A" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236C68722FFDD46C3A0B164570BBA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
|
||
It is very difficult to recognize the species only with the description and redescription, without seeing a photograph of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A688648722FFDD4722A09D648D0ABE" box="[294,392,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
or
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A688648722FFDD47AAA09D67140ABE" box="[430,529,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, especially because the general appearance is very similar to other species of the genus, as for example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD47A4A0F967E40A92" authority="Bates, 1872" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" box="[416,737,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD47A4A0F967570A92" box="[416,594,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Estola ignobilis</emphasis>
|
||
Bates, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see photograph of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A688648722FFDD45D8A0F961360A92" box="[988,1075,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378722FFDD4264A0F961F00A92" author="Bezark, L. G." box="[1120,1269,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" refId="ref3374" refString="Bezark, L. G. (2022) A photographic Catalog of the Cerambycidae of the World. New World Cerambycidae Catalog. Available from: http: // bezbycids. com / byciddb / wdefault. asp? w = n / (accessed 26 January 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Bezark 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, seeing photographs of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A688648722FFDD47BEA12567180B76" box="[442,541,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the general color and color of the pubescence do not agree well with those in the descriptions. Even the key provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B378722FFDD4453A10166140B2A" author="Breuning, S." box="[599,785,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" pagination="1 - 210" refId="ref3490" refString="Breuning, S. (1974) Revision des Rhodopinini americains. Studia Entomologica, 17 (1 - 4), 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1974">Breuning (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not help because many features used in the couplets are questionable or even subjective. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD44CEA16D664E0B0E" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" box="[714,843,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD44CEA16D664E0B0E" box="[714,843,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. ignobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD4586A16D66D60B0E" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[898,979,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD4586A16D66D60B0E" box="[898,979,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. freyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separated in the alternative of couplet “51” (translated): “Elytra densely dotted with very small, fairly distinct whitish spots,” leading to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD4309A14960860BE2" box="[1293,1411,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD4309A14960860BE2" box="[1293,1411,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. ignobili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s / “Elytra without such spots,” leading to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD444BA1B567A50BC6" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[591,672,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD444BA1B567A50BC6" box="[591,672,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. freyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The feature used is not easy to be recognized and, often, is variable intraspecifically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA236C68722FFDD46C3A1FD6666080A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">
|
||
Fortunately,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD4750A1FD64D60B9E" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[340,467,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD4750A1FD64D60B9E" box="[340,467,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Estola freyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD4461A1FD67E00B9E" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" box="[613,741,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD4461A1FD67E00B9E" box="[613,741,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. ignobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also from nearly all species of the genus, by the large size of the eyes. It can be easily recognized by the large upper eye lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A438722FFDD459FA1D966EB0872" box="[923,1006,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[151,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15) Estola freyi Breuning, 1955, paratype: 12) Dorsal habitus; 13) Lateral habitus; 14) Labels; 15) Upper eye lobes. 16) Estola ignobilis Bates, 1872, female from Costa Rica, upper eye lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6457472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are also moderately near each other (it is not a sexual feature in the genus). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD44B6A20566310856" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1872" box="[690,820,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignobilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD44B6A20566310856" box="[690,820,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">E. ignobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13262A438722FFDD4547A20566930855" box="[835,918,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1876,1900]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-317@5.[151,1436,946,1852]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–16. 12–15) Estola freyi Breuning, 1955, paratype: 12) Dorsal habitus; 13) Lateral habitus; 14) Labels; 15) Upper eye lobes. 16) Estola ignobilis Bates, 1872, female from Costa Rica, upper eye lobes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6457472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6457472/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), the upper eye lobes are narrower and distant from each other.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D458722FFDD4751A26164D0080A" authorityName="Breuning" authorityYear="1955" box="[341,469,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Estola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="freyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B969EAD48722FFDD4751A26164D0080A" box="[341,469,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="595">Estola freyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated for the first time here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |