436 lines
55 KiB
XML
436 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="10E9900741B80A41223A9E27D5A1D4B0" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3922.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a0d13a7-9f8b-49d8-9f1c-f5c76995d28b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287929" ID-ZooBank="F62A98A5-5B57-415F-BC44-845B097A5436" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460998630119" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gómez-Zurita, Jesús" docDate="2015" docId="039E355D642EFFAB8F9CFAB4FA72F916" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03922p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3922 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Calligrapha argus" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFA74D256428FFA38F0BFF91FFEEFF9A" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the genus Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) in Central America: The group of Calligrapha argus Stål" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698563852041" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="CFC475223E7EAAEAE2C0B4A7E2280139" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5678C049A596576748E69EAC2A3B7362">
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<mods:title id="9A01E26C3AEB86CC0CB8195628E65F84">Systematic revision of the genus Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) in Central America: The group of Calligrapha argus Stål</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="57D7F834DBCAF044F720209D7B0225E3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="185CBD938DE056A54502F2D33C3BB0CF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="537C7F6C54AB39864A6F3936A6932144">Gómez-Zurita, Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0A39DB1CE21E6E8DD9C6097A7EA79B3B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A1DF1B5A684F2DA199626652549044EC">
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<mods:title id="6FCF77C5148237E7D0B813AAC83CCCB7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B245CB7AFA8E2F0E365CE322D82B2541">
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<mods:date id="2CBEF3ED5D796DB30E04D05FB2BCF617">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="B72AC6F3BF3B54F81CCFAF42D051EBF1" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="2867F80DA58CD355F6C062C079289DB8">3922</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="724D0D20B8EFE06A6BA4915530897C80" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="BAC73AA4D066E7C7EB61CF68055A3587">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="AEF618496C05D5C5146715D21E53FC2A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="008B71A9D3E2EF4E2D45D670352EA83B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3922.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="659A9AD078A0AC69DD631BB4B6694048" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C5539143C81D1811E121E064B3F63A21" type="Zenodo-Dep">287929</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039E355D642EFFAB8F9CFAB4FA72F916" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102881" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E355D642EFFAB8F9CFAB4FA72F916" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E355D642EFFAB8F9CFAB4FA72F916" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="C32DD7C0642EFFAB8F9CFAB4FA99FE4A" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFAB4FD04FAA5" blockId="6.[151,746,1317,1343]" box="[151,746,1317,1343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="D0C03327642EFFA58F9CFAB4FD04FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,746,1317,1343]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58F9CFAB4FD04FAA5" bold="true" box="[151,746,1317,1343]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Key to species in the group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58D06FAB4FD04FAA5" box="[525,746,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58D06FAB4FD04FAA5" bold="true" box="[525,746,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calligrapha argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA48F9CFAFDFD00FF62" blockId="6.[151,1437,1388,2025]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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The group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58E3BFAFCFE7EFA1E" box="[304,400,1389,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58E3BFAFCFE7EFA1E" box="[304,400,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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currently comprises fourteen species, including two new species described in this work, and one taxon proposed as subspecies. All species can be distinguished by their particular and relatively constant arrangements and shape of elytral spots, as well as coloration in one case. I paid particular attention to the median lobe of the aedeagus (= penis) in these species, based on the idea that this structure usually provides valuable characters for taxonomic identification in insects (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58C00FA6DFC01F98E" author="Sharp" box="[779,1007,1532,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Sharp, D. & Muir, F. (1912) The comparative anatomy of the male genital tube in Coleoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Dec. 1912, 477 - 642." type="journal article" year="1912">Sharp & Muir 1912</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58CF6FA6DFAEDF98E" author="Shapiro" box="[1021,1283,1532,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Shapiro, A. M. & Porter, A. H. (1989) The lock-and-key hypothesis: evolutionary and biosystematic interpretation of insect genitalia. Annual Review of Entomology, 34, 231 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 34.010189.001311" type="journal article" year="1989">Shapiro & Porter 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58A1BFA6DFF3AF9A2" author="Schilthuizen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Schilthuizen, M. (2003) Shape matters: the evolution of insect genitalia. Proceedings of the Section Applied and Experimental Entomology, Netherlands Entomological Society, 14, 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="2003">Schilthuizen 2003</bibRefCitation>
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). However, in practice, at the assayed level of inquiry, intraspecific variability for this complex character system overlaps with interspecific variability, particularly among closely related species, where this character would prove more useful. The penis in this species group has few prominent features to seek for diagnostic characters and has a rather constant shape characterized by a slightly flattened, ventrally concave tubular shape, gradually tappering in lateral view and widening in dorsal view at apical third, strangled preapically, before an explanate more or less regularly convex apical border with the characteristic lateral denticles, which always have their tips marking the widest point of the penis in dorsal view. Small differences overlapping between species can be seen in the size and proportions, the degree of curvature of the apical border, the retraction and projection of lateral denticles, or the degree of preapical enlargement, among others. However, the latter may have some important value in the supraspecific systematic arrangement of the species group investigated here, as assessed
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58A85F8F4FEEBF83A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">a posteriori</emphasis>
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based on covariation with other characters. In particular, in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58CDCF819FBD5F83A" box="[983,1083,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58CDCF819FBD5F83A" box="[983,1083,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and close allies the preapical enlargement is more pronounced than in other species, whereby the transversal distance between the basal curvatures of lateral denticles is conspicuously wider than the transversal width of penis medially. The spermatheca of all species examined for this structure were essentially identical except for differences in size, matching the description available for other species (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642FFFA48D47FF2DFC83FF4E" author="Gomez-Zurita" box="[588,877,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Gomez-Zurita, J., Vogler, A. P. & Funk, D. J. (2004) Diagnosing an overlooked North American taxon: biological observations and mitochondrial insights on Calligrapha suturella Schaeffer, 1933 new status (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 28 - 36. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0028: DAONAT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Gómez-Zurita
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48DFFFF2CFCC2FF4F" box="[756,812,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642FFFA48C73FF2DFAE9FF4E" author="Montelongo" box="[888,1287,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Montelongo, T. & Gomez-Zurita, J. (2013) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new Nearctic species of Calligrapha Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) from Central Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 115, 369 - 391. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.115.4.369" type="journal article" year="2013">Montelongo & Gómez-Zurita 2013</bibRefCitation>
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); therefore, it has not been investigated systematically in this study.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF48D4C3642FFFA48F9CF90FFCCFF833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642FFFA48F9CF90FFCCFF833" blockId="7.[151,1436,1694,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48F9CF90FFEF9F929" bold="true" box="[151,279,1694,1716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Distinguishing traits of major
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48D6EF90FFD0FF92E" box="[613,737,1694,1716]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48D6EF90FFD0FF92E" box="[613,737,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lineages: (a) connate claws of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48B3EF90FFF0FF948" authority="Jacoby" authorityName="Jacoby" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana" subGenus="Zygospila">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48B3EF90FFA72F92E" box="[1077,1436,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana</emphasis>
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Jacoby
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</taxonomicName>
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; (b) divergent claws of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48EEFF92CFD59F948" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[484,695,1724,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthica">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48EEFF92CFD6CF948" box="[484,642,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. labyrinthica</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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; (c) unimpressed hypomera in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48B0EF92CFB26F948" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1029,1224,1724,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="percheroni">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48B0EF92CFB7DF948" box="[1029,1171,1724,1746]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. percheroni</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48E63F94DFE01F96B" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[360,495,1755,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48E63F94DFE2EF96B" box="[360,448,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. argus</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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(white arrowhead); (e) habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48C5EF94DFBDFF96B" authority="Brown" authorityName="Brown" box="[853,1073,1755,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48C5EF94DFC0DF96B" box="[853,995,1755,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. californica</emphasis>
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Brown
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</taxonomicName>
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showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48E08F96AFE4AF88A" authority="Knab" authorityName="Knab" box="[259,420,1786,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amelia">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48E08F96AFE89F88A" box="[259,359,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. amelia</emphasis>
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Knab
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</taxonomicName>
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showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48C39F96AFB85F88A" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" box="[818,1131,1786,1808]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigintimaculata">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48C39F96AFC01F88A" box="[818,1007,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. vigintimaculata</emphasis>
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(Chevrolat)
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</taxonomicName>
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showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48C0EF88BFC00F8B5" authority="Rogers" authorityName="Rogers" box="[773,1006,1817,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serpentina">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48C0EF88BFC60F8B5" box="[773,910,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. serpentina</emphasis>
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(Rogers)
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</taxonomicName>
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showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48D14F8A9FD5CF8D7" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[543,690,1847,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sponsa">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48D14F8A9FD6DF8D7" box="[543,643,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. sponsa</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48E09F8C6FE20F8F6" authority="Bechyne" authorityName="Bechyne" box="[258,462,1878,1900]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aladina">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48E09F8C6FE83F8F6" box="[258,365,1878,1900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. aladina</emphasis>
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Bechyné
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</taxonomicName>
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with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48FB8F8E4FE7DF810" authority="Germar" authorityName="Germar" box="[179,403,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyspila">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48FB8F8E4FEC0F810" box="[179,302,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. polyspila</emphasis>
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(Germar)
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</taxonomicName>
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with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642FFFA48A8FF8E4FEB8F833" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipustulata">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642FFFA48A8FF8E4FEC7F833" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. multipustulata</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8FCCFF09FA99FE4A" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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I determined and compiled label information for 2,135
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8C27FF06FC5BFF2A" box="[812,949,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8C27FF06FC5BFF2A" box="[812,949,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens belonging to this group found in the collections above. This lineage is distributed from the southern parts of the California-Rocky Mountain domain in the Southern Nearctic (two species) to the northern regions of the Caribbean NW South American domain in the Neotropics (three species) following the classifications of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA6420FFAB8C4DFE94FC11FE87" author="Morrone" box="[838,1023,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Morrone, J. J. (2006) Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annual Review of Entomology, 51, 467 - 494. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 50.071803.130447" type="journal article" year="2006">Morrone (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
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and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA6420FFAB8B34FE95FAADFE86" author="Escalante" box="[1087,1347,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Szumik, C., Morrone, J. J. & Rivas, M. (2010) Delimitation of the Nearctic region according to mammalian distributional patterns. Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 1381 - 1388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 10 - MAMM-A- 136.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
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Escalante
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BBDFE94FB1DFE87" box="[1206,1267,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA6420FFAB8A5FFE95FA7FFE86" author="Escalante" box="[1364,1425,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Escalante, T., Morrone, J. J. & Rodriguez-Tapia, G. (2013) Biogeographic regions of North American mammals based on endemism. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 485 - 499. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / bij. 12142" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). However the highest species diversity (ten out of 14 species) is concentrated in the Mexican Transition Zone and the Caribbean Mesoamerican domains, and all the species can be found in the latter. The species in the group can be subdivided in three main subgroups, including these of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8C57FEE1FC3BFE12" box="[860,981,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">
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<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8C57FEE1FC3BFE12" box="[860,981,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. diversa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, without midlateral spot (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8A04FEFEFA89FE12" box="[1295,1383,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8A89FEE1FED7FE37" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipustulata">
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<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A89FEE1FED7FE37" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. multipustulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, generally with numerous additional spots on disc of elytra and spot enclosed by humeral lunule large, occupying most of the space between humeral lunule and subsutural stripe (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8B26FE26FB9FFE4A" box="[1069,1137,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BBDFE29FAF8FE4A" box="[1206,1302,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BBDFE29FAF8FE4A" box="[1206,1302,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 6).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DD7C06420FFAB8F9CFE6EFA72F916" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="key">
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|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFE6EFA75FDA8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFE6EFA75FD8E" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,511,532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFE6EFA75FD8E" box="[151,1435,511,532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
1 Midlateral spot present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8EC1FE6EFDE9FD8E" box="[458,519,511,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
|
k, 2l)..................................................................... 2
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFD8CFA75FDA8" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,541,562]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFD8CFA75FDA8" box="[151,1435,541,562]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Midlateral spot absent................................................................................. 11</keyLead>
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFDABFA75FD78" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFDABFA72FD10" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFDABFA72FD10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
2 With many dark spots on disc, generally occupying most of elytral surface (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8CC3FDABFBECFDD5" box="[968,1026,570,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
a); spot enclosed by humeral lunule large, ovoid, generally occupying most of the available space, emargined anteriorly or encircling a small pale area (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8BF5FDC6FAD4FDF6" box="[1278,1338,599,620]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
|
a, 3b, 3c); penis moderately enlarged preapically, narrowed before lateral denticles to average width of median lobe (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8BD0FDE4FAFBFD10" box="[1243,1301,629,650]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1377,1399]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1355]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,193,1356]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Penis in ventral, lateral and dorsal view of apex of the species Calligrapha multipustulata Stål (a, d), C. geographica Stål (b, e) and C. consputa Stål (c, f). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287933/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
|
)......... 3
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFD03FA75FD78" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFD03FA75FD78" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Fewer, smaller and generally less contiguous spots on disc (Figs 6, 12); spot enclosed by humeral lunule roundish, smaller, less confined; penis conspicuously enlarged preapically, with base of lateral denticles more distant than with of penis at middle (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8A71FD3EFF00FD78" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,265,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[150,1437,265,1924]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 9. Penis in ventral, lateral and dorsal view of apex of the species Calligrapha ancoralis Stål (a, d), C. anabelae sp. nov. (b, e), C. catarinae sp. nov. (c, f), C. ramulifera Stål (g, h), and C. argus Stål (i, j). Scale bar = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287937/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig 9</figureCitation>
|
|
)................................................................................................. 6
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFD7BFA72FCA0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFD7BFA72FC86" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFD7BFA72FC86" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
3 Midlateral spot narrow, elongated, free from margin or narrowly reaching it medially through dark suffusions (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8A0AFD7BFAD3FD65" box="[1281,1341,746,767]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
|
a, 3b, 3c).................................................................................................... 4
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFCB4FA72FCA0" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,804,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFCB4FA72FCA0" box="[151,1436,804,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Midlateral spot broadly confluent with elytral margin (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8DE7FCB4FCC4FCA0" box="[748,810,805,826]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 2</figureCitation>
|
|
l, 3d)..............................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BC1FCB5FA72FCA0" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1226,1436,804,826]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multipustulata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BC1FCB5FA9FFCA0" box="[1226,1393,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. multipustulata</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFCD3FA72FCEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFCD3FA75FCCD" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,834,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFCD3FA75FCCD" box="[151,1435,834,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
4 Large spots on disc (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8EACFCD3FE0DFCCD" box="[423,483,834,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
|
b, 3c, 3d)....................................................................... 5
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFCCEFA72FCEE" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,863,885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFCCEFA72FCEE" box="[151,1436,863,885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Numerous small irregular spots on disc (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8D6DFCCEFD70FCEE" box="[614,670,863,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
a)...............................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BF5FCCEFA72FCEE" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1278,1436,863,885]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consputa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BF5FCCEFA9FFCEF" box="[1278,1393,863,885]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. consputa</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFCECFA72FC57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFCECFA72FC08" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,892,914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFCECFA72FC08" box="[151,1436,892,914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
5 Very narrow longitudinal midlateral spot (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8D7FFCECFD42FC08" box="[628,684,893,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
b).......................................
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BAFFCEDFA9CFC08" box="[1188,1394,892,914]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BAFFCEDFAD7FC08" box="[1188,1337,892,914]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="geographica">C. geographica</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270E5226420FFAB8A34FCECFA9CFC08" box="[1343,1394,893,914]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFC0BFA72FC57" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFC0BFA72FC57" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Elongated but medially thickened midlateral spot, narrowly confluent with margin of elytron (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8B6DFC0BFB71FC35" box="[1126,1183,922,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[291,1305,794,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1309,783,1914]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus of Holotype of Calligrapha consputa Stål (a), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. geographica Stål (b), Lectotype of C. geographica ssp. famularis Stål (c), and Lectotype of C. multipustulata Stål (d). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539688/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
c)...................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8CE5FC26FAD4FC56" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1006,1338,951,973]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="geographica" status="stat. nov." subSpecies="famularis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8CE5FC26FAFEFC57" box="[1006,1296,951,973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. geographica ssp. famularis</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A4BFC26FA72FC57" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,951,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270E5226420FFAB8A4BFC26FA72FC57" box="[1344,1436,951,973]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFC44FA75FBBE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFC44FA75FC70" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,980,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFC44FA75FC70" box="[151,1435,980,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
6 Midlateral spot free; basal end of arcuate band blunt (Fig. 6d); legs bicoloured.....................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BDCFC45FA75FC70" authority="Jacoby" authorityName="Jacoby" box="[1239,1435,980,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvitarsis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BDCFC45FABDFC70" box="[1239,1363,980,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. fulvitarsis</emphasis>
|
|
Jacoby
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFC63FA75FBBE" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFC63FA75FBBE" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Midlateral spot confluent with margin; basal end of arcuate band divergent, separated from subsutural stripe (Figs 6a, 6b, 6c, 6e, 6f); legs unicoloured................................................................................ 7</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFBBCFA75FBE6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFBBCFA72FBC5" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFBBCFA72FBC5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
7 Spot enclosed by humeral lunule largely confluent laterally with humeral lunule; apex of arcuate band long, hook-like (Fig. 6f).......................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BF1FBD8FA72FBC5" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1274,1436,1097,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralis">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BF1FBD8FA9FFBC5" box="[1274,1393,1097,1119]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. ancoralis</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFBF6FA75FBE6" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,1127,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFBF6FA75FBE6" box="[151,1435,1127,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Spot enclosed by humeral lunule free; apex of arcuate band short, round (Figs 6a, 6b, 6c, 6e).......................... 8</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFB14FA75FA95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFB14FA72FB4E" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFB14FA72FB4E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
8 Spot enclosed by humeral lunule and spots on disc of elytra very small; humeral marking short, ending posteriorly well ahead of basal end of arcuate band; apex of arcuate band of irregular profile; blackish colouration to dark parts (Fig. 6a)...............................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BE5FB2EFA72FB4E" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1262,1436,1215,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramulifera">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BE5FB2EFA9FFB4F" box="[1262,1393,1215,1237]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. ramulifera</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFB4CFA75FA95" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFB4CFA75FA95" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Spot enclosed by humeral lunule and discal spots larger; humeral marking longer, ending at level with basal end of arcuate band; apex of arcuate band rounded...................................................................... 9</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFA86FA75FAD0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFA86FA72FAB6" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1303,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFA86FA72FAB6" box="[151,1436,1303,1325]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
9 Reddish colouration to dark parts (Fig. 6b)........................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8A14FA86FA72FAB6" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1311,1436,1303,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A14FA86FA9FFAB7" box="[1311,1393,1303,1325]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. argus</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFAA4FA75FAD0" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,1333,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFAA4FA75FAD0" box="[151,1435,1333,1354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Blackish colouration to dark parts...................................................................... 10</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFAC3FA72FA38" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFAC3FA72FAF2" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1361,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFAC3FA72FAF2" box="[151,1436,1361,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
10 Base of subsutural stripe nearly entirely confluent with sutural stripe (Fig. 6c)....................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BDAFAC0FAA7FAFD" box="[1233,1353,1361,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catarinae" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BDAFAC0FAA7FAFD" box="[1233,1353,1361,1383]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. catarinae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A44FAC3FA72FAF2" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1362,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270E5226420FFAB8A44FAC3FA72FAF2" box="[1359,1436,1362,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFAFEFA72FA38" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFAFEFA72FA38" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Base of subsutural stripe divergent and separated for relatively long distance from sutural stripe (Figs 6e, 11).................................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BDEFA1DFAA6FA38" box="[1237,1352,1420,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anabelae" status="sp. nov.">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BDEFA1DFAA6FA38" box="[1237,1352,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. anabelae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A44FA1DFA72FA38" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,1420,1442]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270E5226420FFAB8A44FA1DFA72FA38" box="[1359,1436,1420,1442]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFA3BFA75FA46" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFA3BFA75FA25" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,1449,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFA3BFA75FA25" box="[151,1435,1449,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
11 Arcuate band completely separated from subsutural stripe (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8C1CFA3BFCB2FA25" box="[791,860,1450,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
b).............................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BD9FA38FA75FA25" authority="Jacoby" authorityName="Jacoby" box="[1234,1435,1449,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elegantula">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BD9FA38FABDFA25" box="[1234,1363,1449,1471]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. elegantula</emphasis>
|
|
Jacoby
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFA56FA75FA46" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,1479,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFA56FA75FA46" box="[151,1435,1479,1500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Arcuate band largely confluent with subsutural stripe........................................................ 12</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CFA74FA75F98D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CFA74FA72FA60" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1509,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CFA74FA72FA60" box="[151,1436,1509,1530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">12 Apical spot on elytra present. Eight or nine free round markings on elytra...................................... 13</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CF993FA75F98D" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1435,1538,1559]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CF993FA75F98D" box="[151,1435,1538,1559]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">- Apical spot on elytra absent. Maculation much reduced..................................................... 14</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CF98EFA72F9C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CF98EFA72F9AE" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1567,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CF98EFA72F9AE" box="[151,1436,1567,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
13 Base of sutural marking broad, blunt; maculation heavier (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8C1AF98EFCB8F9AE" box="[785,854,1567,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
e).................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BF7F98EFA72F9AE" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1276,1436,1567,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillima">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BF7F98EFA9FF9AF" box="[1276,1393,1567,1589]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. simillima</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CF9ACFA72F9C8" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1596,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CF9ACFA72F9C8" box="[151,1436,1596,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Base of sutural marking narrower, with slightly divergent end of subsutural stripe (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8CF1F9ACFBD1F9C8" box="[1018,1087,1597,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
d)...............
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8A05F9ADFA72F9C8" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1294,1436,1596,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diversa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A05F9ADFA9FF9C8" box="[1294,1393,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. diversa</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE6420FFAB8F9CF9CBFA72F916" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CF9CBFA72F9F5" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1625,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CF9CBFA72F9F5" box="[151,1436,1625,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
14 Five small free round markings on apical half of elytra (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8DF2F9CBFCAEF9F5" box="[761,832,1626,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
c)......................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8A16F9C8FA72F9F5" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1309,1436,1625,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvia">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8A16F9C8FA9FF9F5" box="[1309,1393,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. sylvia</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B6420FFAB8F9CF9E6FA72F916" blockId="8.[151,1436,511,1677]" box="[151,1436,1655,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E6420FFAB8F9CF9E6FA72F916" box="[151,1436,1655,1677]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
- Additional markings on elytra missing (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE6420FFAB8D54F9E6FD4BF916" box="[607,677,1655,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1320,1342]" captionTargetBox="[231,1365,209,1288]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[220,1368,195,1299]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal and lateral habitus of the Lectotype of Calligrapha aeneopicta Stål (a), Neotype of C. elegantula Jacoby (b), Lectotype of C. sylvia Stål (c), Lectotype of C. diversa Stål (d), and Holotype of C. simillima Stål (e). Scale bar = 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539693/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
a)...............................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC86420FFAB8BE7F9E6FA72F916" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1260,1436,1655,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneopicta">
|
|
<emphasis id="B94358596420FFAB8BE7F9E6FA9FF917" box="[1260,1393,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. aeneopicta</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |