302 lines
49 KiB
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302 lines
49 KiB
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<document id="C2FF934B24F28655A9452E80FDAAF28C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3922.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a0d13a7-9f8b-49d8-9f1c-f5c76995d28b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="287929" ID-ZooBank="F62A98A5-5B57-415F-BC44-845B097A5436" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460998630119" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gómez-Zurita, Jesús" docDate="2015" docId="039E355D642DFFA58F9CF8F3FA72FB4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03922p071.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3922 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Calligrapha" docType="key" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFA74D256428FFA38F0BFF91FFEEFF9A" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of the genus Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) in Central America: The group of Calligrapha argus Stål" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698563852041" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7F145C48C56E8FB0FA9AA2AED2B89EB6">Systematic revision of the genus Calligrapha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) in Central America: The group of Calligrapha argus Stål</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD8A844909D016457E8A2B344CE8D259">Gómez-Zurita, Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1F3A2629758763B84AEE763A7F7D431B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5D1C44CD35546A4C65CC3F03A0DA6FCE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="90EB24D5F5C55CAB80F37BC7E59DE36C">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E18B17C96C95E1D3D12CB7492EE34728">3922</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3EDB75079429BFCC793FBB03206B0E8D">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5A968FD2A3DF94E00A35CD0BD11E521A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C392A27C9D7C7725E4BC385261ADE1E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3922.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039E355D642DFFA58F9CF8F3FA72FB4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6102879" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127671706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6102879" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E355D642DFFA58F9CF8F3FA72FB4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E355D642DFFA58F9CF8F3FA72FB4E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="C32DD7C0642DFFA58F9CF8F3FD85FE4A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642DFFA68F9CF8F3FD4DF8E6" blockId="5.[151,675,1890,1916]" box="[151,675,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="D0C03327642DFFA68F9CF8F3FD4DF8E6" bold="true" box="[151,675,1890,1916]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642DFFA68F9CF8F3FD4DF8E6" bold="true" box="[151,675,1890,1916]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Key to main species groups in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642DFFA68D19F8F3FD4DF8E6" ID-CoL="62KP9" box="[530,675,1890,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642DFFA68D19F8F3FD4DF8E6" bold="true" box="[530,675,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642DFFA58F9CF839FD85FE4A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1960,2022]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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The current study focuses on a single important group of species typical from Central
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<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642DFFA68B7CF839FB34F85B" box="[1143,1242,1960,1985]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">America</collectingCountry>
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, the
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642DFFA68A18F839FF38F87F" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642DFFA68A18F839FF38F87F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calligrapha argus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. I was able to diagnose the group in the context of the whole phenotypic diversity represented by species currently recognized as part of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58D53FF06FD0FFF2A" box="[600,737,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58D53FF06FD0FFF2A" box="[600,737,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Below I provide a tentative, pragmatic key to recognize the main morphological groups in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58D0AFF2DFD64FF4F" box="[513,650,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58D0AFF2DFD64FF4F" box="[513,650,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on characters easy to distinguish, mostly on elytral designs. These characters are not to be confused with colour variation, which may be perceived as an inferior character for taxonomic assessment, due to colour polymorphisms known to reflect intraspecific variation or response to environmental factors in many insects (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58D63FEB6FCBCFEDA" author="Quicke" box="[616,850,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Quicke, D. L. J. (1993) Principles and Techniques of Contemporary Taxonomy. Chapman & Hall, London, 311 pp." type="book" year="1993" yearSuffix="p">Quicke 1993, p. 38</bibRefCitation>
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). Elytral patterns in
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58B42FEB6FB3CFEDA" box="[1097,1234,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58B42FEB6FB3CFEDA" box="[1097,1234,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calligrapha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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represent in fact several complex structural characters which proved to have strong systematic value, given their covariation with other character systems, and also confirmed based on preliminary molecular phylogenetic results (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58BF8FEFEFE94FE36" author="Montelongo" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Montelongo, T. & Gomez-Zurita, J. (2014) Multilocus molecular systematics and evolution in time and space of Calligrapha (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae). Zoologica Scripta, 43, 605 - 628. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12073" type="journal article" year="2014">Montelongo & Gómez-Zurita 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). For the nomenclature and positions of elytral markings, I refer to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58B67FE05FA72FE36" box="[1132,1436,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Gomez-Zurita, J., Vogler, A. P. & Funk, D. J. (2004) Diagnosing an overlooked North American taxon: biological observations and mitochondrial insights on Calligrapha suturella Schaeffer, 1933 new status (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97, 28 - 36. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2004) 097 [0028: DAONAT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">
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Gómez-Zurita
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58A19FE04FAA4FE37" box="[1298,1354,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6F9BA642EFFA58FCDFE26FD88FE4A" author="Montelongo" box="[198,614,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Montelongo, T. & Gomez-Zurita, J. (2013) Morphological and molecular characterization of a new Nearctic species of Calligrapha Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) from Central Mexico. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 115, 369 - 391. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4289 / 0013 - 8797.115.4.369" type="journal article" year="2013">Montelongo & Gómez-Zurita (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DD7C0642EFFA58F9CFE6EFA72FB4E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="key">
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<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFE6EFA75FDA8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFE6EFA75FD8E" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,511,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFE6EFA75FD8E" box="[151,1435,511,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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1 Claws fused at base (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58EA7FE6EFE0BFD8E" box="[428,485,511,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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a). Nearctic and Central American group............... Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58B9BFE6EFA9AFD8F" box="[1168,1396,511,533]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suturalis" subGenus="Zygospila">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58B9BFE6EFA9AFD8F" box="[1168,1396,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. (Zygospila) suturalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(F.)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFD8CFA75FDA8" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,541,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFD8CFA75FDA8" box="[151,1435,541,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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- Claws divergent at base (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58ED9FD8CFDE2FDA8" box="[466,524,541,562]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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b). Nearctic and Neotropical groups.............................................. 2
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFDABFA75FD10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFDABFA75FDD5" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,570,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFDABFA75FDD5" box="[151,1435,570,591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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2 Hypomeral suture obliterated (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58D0CFDABFDAEFDD5" box="[519,576,570,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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c) and elytra striped (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58C00FDABFCABFDD5" box="[779,837,570,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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e)............................................... 3
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFDC6FA75FD10" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFDC6FA75FD10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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- Hypomeral suture deep, running nearly parallel ventrally to pronotal margin (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58CCFFDC6FC13FDF6" box="[964,1021,599,620]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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d) or if obliterated, then elytra spotted (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58A7EFDC6FF03FD10" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
f)................................................................................................. 4
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFD03FA72FD65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFD03FA75FD5E" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFD03FA75FD5E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
3 Last maxillary palpomere subquadrate, at least as wide as apex of previous palpomere. Penis broad, with conspicuous median tooth at apex. Distributed in North
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58D3AFD3EFD68FD5E" box="[561,646,687,708]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
, north of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58DE9FD3EFCC2FD5E" box="[738,812,687,708]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
........................... Group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BC7FD3EFA75FD5E" authority="Brown" authorityName="Brown" box="[1228,1435,687,709]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidenticola">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BC7FD3EFABBFD5F" box="[1228,1365,687,709]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. bidenticola</emphasis>
|
|
Brown
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFD5CFA72FD65" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFD5CFA72FD65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
- Last maxillary palpomere oblong, longer than wide and clearly narrower than apex of previous palpomere. Penis slender, with rounded apical end. Distributed in South
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58D60FD7BFD50FD65" box="[619,702,746,767]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
...................................... Group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BFFFD78FA72FD65" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1268,1436,745,767]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvilinea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BFFFD78FA9FFD65" box="[1268,1393,745,767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. curvilinea</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFC96FA75FCEE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFC96FA75FCCD" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFC96FA75FCCD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
4 Pattern of pale spots on dark background (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58D7EFC96FD5EFC86" box="[629,688,775,796]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<quantity id="4CCF29AE642EFFA58DA9FC96FD5EFC86" box="[674,688,775,796]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="g" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
g). Central American species only, from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58B39FC96FB95FC86" box="[1074,1147,775,796]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58B91FC96FB11FC86" box="[1178,1279,775,796]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
|
. (One species in North
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58E14FCB4FE9CFCA0" box="[287,370,805,826]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
with pale spots,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58D18FCB5FD77FCA0" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[531,665,804,826]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pnirsa">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58D18FCB5FD82FCA0" box="[531,620,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. pnirsa</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, belongs to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58C24FCB5FC20FCA0" box="[815,974,804,826]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philadelphica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58C24FCB5FC20FCA0" box="[815,974,804,826]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. philadelphica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group).................................................................................................... Group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58B7EFCD0FA75FCCD" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" box="[1141,1435,833,855]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigintimaculata">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58B7EFCD0FAC9FCCD" box="[1141,1319,833,855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vigintimaculata</emphasis>
|
|
(Chevrolat)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFCCEFA75FCEE" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,863,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFCCEFA75FCEE" box="[151,1435,863,884]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
- Pattern of dark spots on pale background (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58D7DFCCEFD41FCEE" box="[630,687,863,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
h).......................................................... 5
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFCECFA75FC56" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFCECFA75FC35" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFCECFA75FC35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
5 Two spots enclosed by humeral lunule, longitudinally arranged (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58C45FCECFC64FC08" box="[846,906,893,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
j). Distal end of flagellum of transversal U-shaped pro- file (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58E05FC0BFEABFC35" box="[270,325,922,943]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,720,742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1242,195,696]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1248,195,699]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic representations of the typical apical ends of flagella in the penis of species in the Calligrapha argus group (a), in the C. dislocata and C. philadelphica groups (d), in the C. polyspila group (c), and in the C. labyrinthica group (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287930/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
d). Species present in Central
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58D6DFC0BFD55FC35" box="[614,699,922,943]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
, from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58DF2FC0BFCACFC35" box="[761,834,922,943]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58C6AFC0BFC42FC35" box="[865,940,922,943]" name="Panama" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
|
................. Group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BEBFC08FA75FC35" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1248,1435,921,943]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labyrinthica">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BEBFC08FA9EFC35" box="[1248,1392,921,943]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. labyrinthica</emphasis>
|
|
Stål
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFC26FA75FC56" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,951,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFC26FA75FC56" box="[151,1435,951,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
- Spot enclosed by humeral lunule simple (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58D65FC26FD47FC56" box="[622,681,951,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Fig.
|
|
<date id="FF89A28B642EFFA58D90FC26FD47FC56" box="[667,681,951,972]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</date>
|
|
</figureCitation>
|
|
i). Distal end of flagellum shaped differently......................... 6
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFC44FA72FBD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFC44FA75FB9D" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFC44FA75FB9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
6 Subhumeral spot present (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58ED0FC44FDFBFC70" box="[475,533,981,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
k). Distal end of flagellum as flattened disc with central orifice (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58B77FC44FB5DFC70" box="[1148,1203,981,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,720,742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1242,195,696]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1248,195,699]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic representations of the typical apical ends of flagella in the penis of species in the Calligrapha argus group (a), in the C. dislocata and C. philadelphica groups (d), in the C. polyspila group (c), and in the C. labyrinthica group (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287930/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
|
c). Species in the south- ern Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58D88FC63FD22FB9D" box="[643,716,1010,1031]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
|
to
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58DE0FC63FCA4FB9D" box="[747,842,1010,1031]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
|
....................... Group of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BC2FC60FA75FB9D" authority="Germar" authorityName="Germar" box="[1225,1435,1009,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyspila">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BC2FC60FAD2FB9D" box="[1225,1340,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. polyspila</emphasis>
|
|
(Germar)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFB9EFA72FBD8" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFB9EFA72FBD8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
- Subhumeral spot absent (
|
|
<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58ED8FB9EFDE0FBBE" box="[467,526,1039,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
|
l). Distal end of flagellum with deep V-shaped or U-shaped ventral emargination (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58A17FB9EFAB9FBBE" box="[1308,1367,1039,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,720,742]" captionTargetBox="[340,1242,195,696]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[340,1248,195,699]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic representations of the typical apical ends of flagella in the penis of species in the Calligrapha argus group (a), in the C. dislocata and C. philadelphica groups (d), in the C. polyspila group (c), and in the C. labyrinthica group (d)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/287930/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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a, 1b).................................................................................................... 7
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFBDBFA72FBE6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFBDBFA75FBC5" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1435,1098,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFBDBFA75FBC5" box="[151,1435,1098,1119]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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7 Hypomeral suture deep, running nearly parallel to pronotal border (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58C6CFBDBFC4EFBC5" box="[871,928,1098,1119]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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d)...................................... 8
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFBF6FA72FBE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1436,1127,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFBF6FA72FBE6" box="[151,1436,1127,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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- Hypomeral suture obliterated (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58D0CFBF6FDAFFBE6" box="[519,577,1127,1148]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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c). Distributed in North
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<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58C2DFBF6FC95FBE6" box="[806,891,1127,1148]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">America</collectingCountry>
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, north of
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<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58CDCFBF6FBCEFBE6" box="[983,1056,1127,1148]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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...... Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BDAFBF6FA9FFBE7" box="[1233,1393,1127,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chrysomela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="philadelphica">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BDAFBF6FA9FFBE7" box="[1233,1393,1127,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. philadelphica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(L.)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="30C39CEE642EFFA58F9CFB14FA72FB4E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFB14FA72FB00" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" box="[151,1436,1156,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFB14FA72FB00" box="[151,1436,1156,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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8 Striped elytra (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58E64FB14FE47FB00" box="[367,425,1157,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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e). Western Nearctic species................................... Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58BC5FB15FA72FB00" authority="Rogers" authorityName="Rogers" box="[1230,1436,1156,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dislocata">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58BC5FB15FAACFB00" box="[1230,1346,1156,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. dislocata</emphasis>
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(Rogers)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88844B642EFFA58F9CFB33FA72FB4E" blockId="6.[151,1437,511,1237]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<keyLead id="30C6277E642EFFA58F9CFB33FA72FB4E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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- Spotted elytra, with pattern of dark spots on pale background (
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<figureCitation id="130C98CE642EFFA58C53FB33FC7BFB2D" box="[856,917,1186,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1694,1716]" captionTargetBox="[267,1321,301,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[265,1322,301,1673]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Distinguishing traits of major Calligrapha lineages: (a) connate claws of Calligrapha (Zygospila) mexicana Jacoby; (b) divergent claws of C. labyrinthica Stål; (c) unimpressed hypomera in C. percheroni Stål; (d) hypomera with impressed suture in C. argus Stål (white arrowhead); (e) habitus of C. californica Brown showing striped elytral pattern; (f) habitus of C. amelia Knab showing spotted elytra; (g) habitus of C. vigintimaculata (Chevrolat) showing reversed contrasting pattern of pale markings on dark background; (h) habitus of C. serpentina (Rogers) showing typical pattern of dark markings on pale background; (i) left elytron of C. sponsa Stål with a single spot enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowhead); (j) left elytron of C. aladina Bechyné with arrangement of two spots enclosed by humeral lunule (white arrowheads); (k) left elytron of C. polyspila (Germar) with subhumeral (white arrowhead) and midlateral (black arrowhead) spots; and (l) left elytron of C. multipustulata Stål only with midlateral spot (black arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3539686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3539686/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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f). Species in the southern Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from southern
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<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58ECBFB2EFE1EFB4E" box="[448,496,1215,1236]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">USA</collectingCountry>
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to
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<collectingCountry id="F320C4DB642EFFA58D04FB2EFD9CFB4E" box="[527,626,1215,1236]" name="Venezuela" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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................................................ Group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C37FFC8642EFFA58A14FB2EFA72FB4E" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[1311,1436,1215,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Calligrapha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argus">
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<emphasis id="B9435859642EFFA58A14FB2EFA9FFB4F" box="[1311,1393,1215,1237]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. argus</emphasis>
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Stål
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |