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<document id="DE797C7C82D939D251DD45A5D38C68CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="51187" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4066.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="efd9df5e-1439-4724-ae76-a219f7c3ce70" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264653" ID-ZooBank="680D0FB4-F3BC-4562-B214-631067287218" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459686029873" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cock, Matthew J. W., Congdon, T. Colin E. &amp; Collins, Steve C." docDate="2016" docId="0386D843FFBBB12DCEEC95322384F94D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4066.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4066 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Osmodes adon Mabille 1890" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="231" masterDocId="FFBFA03BFFA0B133CE7B927B2616FD2C" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1698208999773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0C537999863239BB7C54EA69B3C5387E">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 9. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Zingiberales feeders, genera of unknown biology and an overview of the Hesperiinae incertae sedis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B8DA62AAC0B23B7B068DC31F5800F9E8">Cock, Matthew J. W.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0386D843FFBBB12DCEEC95322384F94D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5614530" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119333258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5614530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0386D843FFBBB12DCEEC95322384F94D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0386D843FFBBB12DCEEC95322384F94D" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFBBB12FCEEC953227A2FC31" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBBB128CEEC953227EEFA48" blockId="27.[151,504,1865,1892]" box="[151,504,1865,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<heading id="D0D8DE39FFBBB128CEEC953227EEFA48" bold="true" box="[151,504,1865,1892]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBBB128CEEC953227EEFA48" ID-CoL="6TB63" authority="Mabille, 1890" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,504,1865,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBBB128CEEC953227EEFA48" bold="true" box="[151,504,1865,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBBB128CEEC95322751FA4F" bold="true" box="[151,327,1865,1891]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Osmodes adon</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFBBB128CF34953127EEFA48" author="Mabille" box="[335,504,1866,1892]" pageId="27" pageNumber="246" refString="Mabille, P. (1890) Description d'hesperides nouvelles. 1 re partie. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, Series 6, 9, 149 - 150." type="journal article" year="1890">Mabille, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBBB12FCEEC95EB27A2FC31" blockId="27.[151,1436,1936,2033]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="229" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
This is a rare forest butterfly described from
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBBB128CCF495EB2534FA84" box="[655,802,1936,1961]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
, and with scattered records from there east to
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBBB128CB5C95EA238AFA85" box="[1319,1436,1937,1961]" name="Cameroon" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBBB128CEB295CF2712FAE1" box="[201,260,1972,1997]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Zaire</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFBBB128CF6E95CF27E4FAE1" author="Ackery" box="[277,498,1972,1997]" pageId="27" pageNumber="245" refString="Ackery, P. R., Smith, C. R. &amp; Vane-Wright, R. I. (Eds.) (1995) Carcasson's African Butterflies. An annotated catalogue of the Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea of the Afrotropical Region. CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, 803 pp." type="book" year="1995">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBBB128CF0895CE27B1FAE1" box="[371,423,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFBBB128CC7B95CE2485FAE1" author="Larsen" box="[512,659,1972,1997]" pageId="27" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Females are difficult to identify with confidence. MJWC reared a single female (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFBBB128CF4195A327BFFADD" box="[314,425,2008,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="29.[151,250,616,638]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,199,584]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1435,195,591]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 32. Pinned adult female of Osmodes? adon collected as prepupa on Sarcophrynium brachystachys, Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; adult 25 Jun; MJWC 89 / 214. Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264685/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figure 32</figureCitation>
) from Forêt du Yapo,
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBBB128CCE495A2252EFADD" box="[671,824,2008,2033]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
, which is provisionally allocated to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBBB128CAB395A22334FADD" box="[1224,1314,2008,2033]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBBB128CAB395A22334FADD" box="[1224,1314,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBBB128CAB395A222C9FADC" box="[1224,1247,2009,2032]" name="Iceland" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">O</collectingCountry>
. adon
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, following a discussion with T.B. Larsen (pers. comm. 2014). The choice was between
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCD8992E32260FD9C" box="[1010,1142,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCD8992E32260FD9C" box="[1010,1142,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCD8992E3221FFD83" box="[1010,1033,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. distincta
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCA0692EC22C1FD9C" box="[1149,1239,151,176]" name="Netherlands" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Holland</collectingCountry>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCB7492E3237CFD9C" box="[1295,1386,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCB7492E3237CFD9C" box="[1295,1386,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCB7492E32330FD83" box="[1295,1318,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. adon
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we think this is more likely to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCC6B92C6247DFDF9" box="[528,619,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCC6B92C6247DFDF9" box="[528,619,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCC6B92C62431FDF8" box="[528,551,189,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. adon
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the cell spots are less segregated from the discal spots and the lack of light shading between the unh margin and the discal spots; also, in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCDE6929B2234FDD4" box="[925,1058,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCDE6929B2234FDD4" box="[925,1058,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCDE6929B25A2FDDB" box="[925,948,224,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. distincta
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the discal spot in 3 upf does not reach the base of the cell.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5039DDFFBCB12FCEEC933726EAFCA8" ID-Table-UUID="DF5039DDFFBCB12FCEEC933726EAFCA8" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5039DDFFBCB12FCEEC933726EAFCA8" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" targetBox="[159,1410,416,584]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBCB12FCEEC933726EAFCA8" blockId="28.[151,1435,332,388]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEEC93372715FC4F" bold="true" box="[151,259,332,355]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Recorded food plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCC609337246BFC48" box="[539,637,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCC609337246BFC48" box="[539,637,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (all
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCC9A93372578FC4F" box="[737,878,332,355]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
); the food plants for the other species have not been recorded.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBCB12FCEE493DB22EEFF64" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<table id="F92F9BF5FFBC4ECCCEE493DB2394FF64" box="[159,1410,416,584]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE493DB2394FC9A" box="[159,1410,416,438]" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCEE493DB27BAFC9A" box="[159,428,416,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCEE493DB26EAFC9A" box="[159,252,416,438]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEE493DB26EAFC9A" box="[159,252,416,438]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF8793DB24E1FC9A" box="[508,759,416,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Food plant</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCDEB93DB25FCFC9A" box="[912,1002,416,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Location</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA3793DB2394FC9A" box="[1100,1410,416,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">References</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE493B22394FF2C" box="[159,1410,457,512]" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCEE493B227BAFF2C" box="[159,428,457,512]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCEE493B226CCFF2C" authority="Mabille, 1890" authorityName="Mabille" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adosus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEE493B2275EFCF3" box="[159,328,457,479]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes adosus</emphasis>
(Mabille, 1890)
</taxonomicName>
1
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF8793B224E1FF2C" box="[508,759,457,512]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF8793B224E1FCF3" box="[508,759,457,479]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Marantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leucantha">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF8793B224E1FCF3" box="[508,759,457,479]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Marantochloa leucantha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCDEB93B225FCFF2C" box="[912,1002,457,512]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Uganda</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA3793B22394FF2C" box="[1100,1410,457,512]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Le Pelley 1959, Sevastopulo 1975</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE4906F2394FF64" box="[159,1410,532,584]" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF87906F24E1FF64" box="[508,759,532,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF87906F249BFF06" box="[508,653,532,554]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Marantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF87906F249BFF06" box="[508,653,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Marantochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA37906F2394FF64" box="[1100,1410,532,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
Ackery
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCAE7906E22DFFF06" box="[1180,1225,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">et al</emphasis>
. (1995), Congdon &amp; Collins (1998)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBCB12FCEE49027231BFE13" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<table id="F92F9BF5FFBC4ECCCEE490272381FE71" box="[159,1431,604,861]" gridcols="4" gridrows="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE490272381FFBC" box="[159,1431,604,656]" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCEE4902727C0FFBC" box="[159,470,604,656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCEE4902726C4FFBC" authority="Holland, 1896" authorityName="Holland" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distincta">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEE49027274FFF5E" box="[159,345,604,626]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes distincta</emphasis>
Holland, 1896
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF879027254BFFBC" box="[508,861,604,656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF879027249BFF5E" box="[508,653,604,626]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Marantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF879027249BFF5E" box="[508,653,604,626]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Marantochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(oviposition record)
</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCDEB9027220EFFBC" box="[912,1048,604,656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Cameroon</th>
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA3090272381FFBC" box="[1099,1431,604,656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Larsen 2005, Vande weghe 2010</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE490DF2381FFDB" box="[159,1431,676,759]" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCEE490DF27C0FFDB" box="[159,470,676,759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCEE490DF26CFFFF4" authority="Hewitson, 1868" authorityName="Hewitson" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laronia">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEE490DF275AFF96" box="[159,332,676,698]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes laronia</emphasis>
(Hewitson, 1868)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF8790DF254BFFDB" box="[508,861,676,759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF8790DF24E0FF96" box="[508,758,676,698]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Marantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF8790DF24E0FF96" box="[508,758,676,698]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Marantochloa cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCD7990DF2471FFF4" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCD7990DF2471FFF4" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Thalia geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCC0E90B8250EFFF4" box="[629,792,706,728]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCCF690B8250EFFF4" box="[653,792,706,728]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">T. welwitschii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF87909A24EDFFDB" box="[508,763,737,759]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Thaumatococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="danielli">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF87909A24EDFFDB" box="[508,763,737,759]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Thaumatococcus danielli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCDEB90DF220EFFDB" box="[912,1048,676,759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Côte d’Ivoire</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA3090DF2381FFDB" box="[1099,1431,676,759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Vuattoux 1999, Larsen 2005, Vande weghe 2010</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351F6B17FFBC4ECCCEE491712381FE71" box="[159,1431,778,861]" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<th id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCEE4917127C0FE71" box="[159,470,778,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCEE4917127C0FE0C" authority="Swinhoe, 1916" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1916" box="[159,470,778,800]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="omar">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEE491712721FE0C" box="[159,311,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes omar</emphasis>
Swinhoe, 1916
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCF879171254BFE71" box="[508,861,778,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF87917124E0FE0C" box="[508,758,778,800]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Marantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF87917124E0FE0C" box="[508,758,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Marantochloa cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCD7991712471FE13" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geniculata">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCD7991712471FE13" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Thalia geniculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCC0E9151250EFE13" box="[629,792,809,831]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
=
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCCF69151250EFE13" box="[653,792,809,831]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Thalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="welwitschii">T. welwitschii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCF87913C24EDFE71" box="[508,763,839,861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Thaumatococcus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="danielli">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCF87913C24EDFE71" box="[508,763,839,861]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Thaumatococcus danielli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCDEB9171220EFE71" box="[912,1048,778,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Côte d’Ivoire</td>
<td id="76CE026BFFBC4ECCCA3091712381FE71" box="[1099,1431,778,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Vuattoux 1999, Larsen 2005, Vande weghe 2010</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3353ADEFFBCB12DCEEC91042384F94D" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBCB12FCEEC910426E7FE94" blockId="28.[151,1436,895,952]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
1This record may refer to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCFCF91FB250DFEB4" authority="Miller (Larsen 2005)" authorityName="Miller (Larsen" authorityYear="2005" box="[436,795,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lindseyi">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCFCF91FB243CFEB4" box="[436,554,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCFCF91FB27DCFEBB" box="[436,458,896,919]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. lindseyi
</emphasis>
Miller (
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE14A4FFBCB12FCCFD91FA2504FEB4" author="Larsen" box="[646,786,897,920]" pageId="28" pageNumber="246" refString="Larsen, T. B. (2005) Butterflies of West Africa. 2 Vols. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 595 + 270 pp." type="book" year="2005">Larsen 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
; it is unlikely to be
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCD8091FB227EFEB4" box="[1019,1128,896,920]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adosus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCD8091FB227EFEB4" box="[1019,1128,896,920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCD8091FB2207FEBB" box="[1019,1041,896,919]" name="Iceland" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">O</collectingCountry>
. adosus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is not recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F33829C5FFBCB12FCEEC91DA26FBFE94" box="[151,237,929,952]" name="Uganda" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Uganda</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5039DDFFBCB12FCEEC951A22A7FA5B" box="[151,1201,1889,1911]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264684/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" targetBox="[151,1436,1004,1864]" targetPageId="28">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBCB12FCEEC951A22A7FA5B" blockId="28.[151,1201,1889,1911]" box="[151,1201,1889,1911]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCEEC951A270FFA5B" bold="true" box="[151,281,1889,1911]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 31</emphasis>
. Adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBCB12FCFE6951A2494FA5B" authority="Plotz" authorityName="Plotz" box="[413,642,1889,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thora">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBCB12FCFE6951A2421FA5B" box="[413,567,1889,1911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Osmodes thora</emphasis>
(Plötz)
</taxonomicName>
sunbathing, Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 4 Dec 1988.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5039DDFFBDB12ECEEC90132585FFB0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264685/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[161,1429,199,584]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBDB12ECEEC90132585FFB0" blockId="29.[151,1436,616,668]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECEEC9013270CFF52" bold="true" box="[151,282,616,638]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 32</emphasis>
. Pinned adult female of
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECC60901324A9FF52" box="[539,703,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECC609013246EFF52" box="[539,632,616,638]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Osmodes</taxonomicName>
?
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECCF2901324A9FF52" box="[649,703,616,638]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">adon</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
collected as prepupa on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECDBA9013232EFF51" authority="Foret" authorityName="Foret" box="[961,1336,616,638]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Sarcophrynium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachystachys">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECDBA901322E3FF52" box="[961,1269,616,638]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Sarcophrynium brachystachys</emphasis>
, Forêt
</taxonomicName>
du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; adult 25 Jun; MJWC 89/214. Scale bar = 10mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBDB12ECEBC90B127F2FE5E" blockId="29.[151,1437,713,882]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
MJWC collected a prepupa on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECC3890B2225CFFCE" box="[579,1098,713,738]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Sarcophrynium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachystachys">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECC3890B2258AFFCE" box="[579,924,713,738]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Sarcophrynium brachystachys</emphasis>
(Marantaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(MJWC 316),
<date id="FF914F95FFBDB12ECB7390B1238AFFCE" box="[1288,1436,714,738]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" value="1989-06-03">3 June 1989</date>
(MJWC 89/214). The leaf shelter was made on a leaf of
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECD5E9095257AFE29" box="[805,876,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="cm" value="29.0">29 cm</quantity>
long
<date id="FF914F95FFBDB12ECDCA909525F2FE2A" box="[945,996,750,774]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" value="2013-10">
x
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECDB3909525F2FE2A" box="[968,996,750,774]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="cm" value="13.0">13</quantity>
</date>
cm wide; there was extensive feeding from much of one margin about half way to the midrib, and a long narrow flap was folded under to form the pupal shelter (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFBDB12ECE89914E2773FE62" box="[242,357,821,846]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1440,1462]" captionTargetBox="[191,1396,935,1413]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[183,1403,927,1423]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 33. Diagram of the leaf and shelter of a prepupa of Osmodes adon on Sarcophrynium brachystachys, Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; MJWC 89 / 214. The leaf measured 29 x 13 cm, and the lightly shaded area represents the flap folded under." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264686/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Figure 33</figureCitation>
). The shelter was lined with silk lightly sprinkled with white waxy powder, and the pupa was held with a simple silk girdle.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5039DDFFBDB12ECEEC97DB26C0F8DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264686/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[191,1396,935,1413]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBDB12ECEEC97DB26C0F8DF" blockId="29.[151,1436,1440,1523]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECEEC97DB270FF89A" bold="true" box="[151,281,1440,1462]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 33</emphasis>
. Diagram of the leaf and shelter of a prepupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECD7297DB25B6F89A" box="[777,928,1440,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECD7297DB25B6F89A" box="[777,928,1440,1462]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Osmodes adon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBDB12ECDBD97DB232CF899" authority="Foret" authorityName="Foret" box="[966,1338,1440,1462]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Sarcophrynium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachystachys">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBDB12ECDBD97DB22EFF89A" box="[966,1273,1440,1462]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Sarcophrynium brachystachys</emphasis>
, Forêt
</taxonomicName>
du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; MJWC 89/214. The leaf measured 29 x 13 cm, and the lightly shaded area represents the flap folded under.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBDB12ECEBC946424E4FBC0" blockId="29.[151,1437,1567,2025]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
The prepupa head measured 2.9 x
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECC30945B248FFB14" box="[587,665,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2mm</quantity>
wide x high; light brown; a black spot 0.9 x
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECAEC945B22F0FB14" box="[1175,1254,1568,1592]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2mm</quantity>
centrally on the upper part of the face, extending to overlap the top of the adfrontals, but not on them; a similar smaller spot ventrolaterally covering the stemmata and extending dorsally in a pear shape; light dusting of white waxy powder on lower part of head including ventrolateral spot. Pronotum light brown. Body light green, dorsal line darker; spiracles light brown, conspicuous; all legs concolorous. There were ventral wax glands, but their distribution could not be recorded without disturbing the prepupa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBDB12ECEBC948327DBFAC5" blockId="29.[151,1437,1567,2025]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
The pupa (
<figureCitation id="131475D0FFBDB12ECF3D948327AFFA3C" box="[326,441,1784,1809]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="30.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,902]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,195,902]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 34. Pupa of Osmodes adon, dorsolateral view; collected as prepupa on Sarcophrynium brachystachys, Forêt du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; adult 25 Jun; 22 mm; MJWC 89 / 214. 1, photographed 14 Jun; 2, photographed 24 Jun." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264687/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Figure 34</figureCitation>
) was
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECC789483245CFA3C" box="[515,586,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="23.0">23mm</quantity>
long; elongate, with a blunt translucent frontal spike of
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECA9D94832321FA3C" box="[1254,1335,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4mm</quantity>
, and the proboscis projecting beyond the cremaster; light bright green through a translucent cuticle; marked in blackdorsal line mostly a series of diffuse lines from A1–A8, but sharp in short sections on T1, anterior to a quadrate spot at rear of thorax, and heavy line on A9; row of 7 dorsolateral dots on A1–A7, and 8 lateral spots on T2, T3 and A2-A8; T1 spiracle convex, the central area,
<quantity id="4CD7C4B0FFBDB12ECCF795F324CDFA8C" box="[652,731,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8mm</quantity>
in diameter consists of densely packed light brown rods, and is surrounded by a narrow white margin, widest anteriorly and narrowest posteriorly. The cuticle of the emerged pupa was transparent and fragile.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5039DDFFBEB12DCEEC91E52307FEFF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264687/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" targetBox="[151,1436,195,902]" targetPageId="30">
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBEB12DCEEC91E52307FEFF" blockId="30.[151,1436,926,979]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCEEC91E52709FE98" bold="true" box="[151,287,926,948]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
Pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBEB12DCF0391E52418FE98" box="[376,526,926,948]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adon">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCF0391E52418FE98" box="[376,526,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Osmodes adon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dorsolateral view; collected as prepupa on
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBEB12DCDB391E5232AFE98" authority="Foret" authorityName="Foret" box="[968,1340,926,948]" class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="Sarcophrynium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachystachys">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCDB391E522ECFE98" box="[968,1274,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Sarcophrynium brachystachys</emphasis>
, Forêt
</taxonomicName>
du Yapo, Côte d’Ivoire, 6 Jun 1989; adult 25 Jun; 22mm; MJWC 89/214.
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCD5A91C62538FEFF" bold="true" box="[801,814,957,979]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">1</emphasis>
, photographed 14 Jun;
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCA6791C6223EFEFF" bold="true" box="[1052,1064,957,979]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">2</emphasis>
, photographed 24 Jun.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B906955FFBEB12DCEBC967B2384F94D" blockId="30.[151,1436,1024,1121]" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">
The head markings of the caterpillar and especially the form and markings of the pupa are unique in our experience, suggesting that
<taxonomicName id="4C2F12D6FFBEB12DCFAD965F242BF911" box="[470,573,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Osmodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95BB547FFBEB12DCFAD965F242BF911" box="[470,573,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="231">Osmodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not closely related to any other Afrotropical genera for which the early stages have been documented. This view is supported by the distinctive genitalia (T.B. Larsen pers. comm. 2015).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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