190 lines
23 KiB
XML
190 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="D7B92A83FBCE90B53C5B4C93ACD01681" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.8793" ID-GBIF-Dataset="697088f3-4b0d-4273-ae05-79dcd5bea894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-141" ID-ZooBank="2D0F30838FC94380AC40BF28519D72E1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1860-1324-2-141" ModsDocOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61 (2)" ModsDocTitle="Species of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur (Neuroptera, Dilaridae) from islands of East Asia" checkinTime="1552154989593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Zhang, Wei, Liu, Xingyue, Aspoeck, Horst, Winterton, Shaun L. & Aspoeck, Ulrike" docDate="2014" docId="7955DC965CA8992383F99F6D92D24A5C" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 61(2): 141-153" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 61 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.8793" docTitle="Dilar taiwanensis Banks 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FF957A43EC6D2256FFEB852648328D18" masterDocTitle="Species of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur (Neuroptera, Dilaridae) from islands of East Asia" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="143" updateTime="1701316668559" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6C12E9A2F619E04BE0B185C5C7D0F539">Species of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur (Neuroptera, Dilaridae) from islands of East Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3F4FCD1292614137E5CEC50FEA2F314">Zhang, Wei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DA372BFE5853CE48BF1C3B61F5955730">Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDC189879B1D24F12C93289C1A04DCAF">Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1526B2E04953464A283BB4D52FBBF1D">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B3344E2475BC028A7A2C9D0A35D4EE4">Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="35ECB08A82A648C6976A73FA85024ACD">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2EA1ED75EFF123D8BCD2863B4421AB60">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51F022CEB84116AA1CED1A877CDA7E77">61</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AB38FD837F51F3F7B02181F209808A4C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.61.8793</mods:url>
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<treatment id="7955DC965CA8992383F99F6D92D24A5C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154366015" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7955DC965CA8992383F99F6D92D24A5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7955DC965CA8992383F99F6D92D24A5C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
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<subSubSection id="25B6DCED73D675E99419EF55A40C5C09" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="09D2F4A89C01BD8344DBA3CB2E87D97C" pageId="2" pageNumber="143">
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<taxonomicName id="CB3C308B41700823C4876A716AE5D00F" ID-CoL="3659D" authority="Banks, 1937" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar taiwanensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<pageBreakToken id="2E523BB017CBC3AABF40E9E5102709A0" pageId="2" pageNumber="143" start="start">Dilar</pageBreakToken>
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taiwanensis Banks, 1937
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 3, 17-20
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5387C8447187FDA713D817C92E5D45A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9B4ED1BBE553154F022F7CDC584DD2D7" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="3AD31E5E57F6FE908675AAAAE5C2BA5E" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar taiwanensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">
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<pageBreakToken id="D99DA0879F851FA7C5D633F416ABFDBF" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" start="start">Dilar</pageBreakToken>
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taiwanensis
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</taxonomicName>
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Banks, 1937: 276. Type locality: China (Taiwan: Jiayi).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EDDF51F4493078629CB35A45C5F016BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="E205054ED283BAC6FE6D96E7133E99BC" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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Nakahara, 1955b: 139. Type locality: China (Taiwan: Tattaka). syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9D342D1564B1E3C9A7C23D5F5EB204E" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
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<taxonomicName id="521FB9AA4FF1E85D2F54B9F72F6A791E" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Nepal" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nepal kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Nepal kanoi</taxonomicName>
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Nakahara, 1955a: 6. Type locality: China (Taiwan: Tattaka). syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4777E88B6C37B36FBE3FB7AE892ED90B" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="0C1A5669CAEC8EF51DC518B36A36D550" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="428049D78CE01CDF5108C8C23253BB16" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">This species is characterized by the male ninth gonocoxite with anterior half broadly spoon-shaped and with posterior half slenderly elongate and curved posteroventrally, and by the slenderly elongate tenth gonocoxite which has a lobe connecting to ninth gonocoxite medially.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5A39F3C06649DB371FE54CE280187E72" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FFC47B6E01E8CBF26387B200E0A24934" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="107C0C549A8C9225E2522AD287C6CFD9" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Male. Body length 3.4-5.5 mm; forewing length 6.4-9.0 mm, hindwing length 5.5-7.6 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="95D12D513D2D7BE449B031B5AF54F5A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Head yellowish brown, with pale yellow setose tubercles. Compound eyes blackish brown. Antenna with ca. 29 segments, pale yellowish brown, pedicel with brown annular stripes, flagellum unipectinate on most flagellomeres, medial branches much longer than those on both ends, longest branch nearly 3.0 times as long as relevant flagellomere, but branch of 1st flagellomere short and dentate, distal eight flagellomeres simple.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="44D5A65D00930DDE62A313768A68F4E3" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Prothorax pale yellowish brown, pronotum yellowish brown, with anterior margin and posterolateral corners pale yellow, medially with a pair of ovoid markings; mesothorax pale yellowish brown, mesonotum dark brown on anterior and lateral margins; metanotum pale yellowish brown, slight darker on lateral margins. Legs pale yellowish brown, femora blackish brown at tip. Wings hyaline, slightly yellowish brown, with numerous dark spots. Forewing ~2.2 times as long as wide, densely spotted, with markings on proximal half much darker, most markings fused with each other, generally arranging into several arcuate transverse stripes, an immaculate area present distal to median nygma; two nygmata present on proximal and median portion of forewing, median one much larger than proximal one. Hindwing ~2.1 times as long as wide, slightly paler than forewing, with similar marking pattern; one nygma present at middle. Veins pale brown. Forewing with trichosors present along wing margin between R and CuP; Rs with four main branches; MP with two main branches; two gradate crossveins present at middle. Hindwing with trichosors present along wing margin between R and CuA; Rs with three main branches.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F2279B6BF99E5A6DE340815F9DC809E" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Abdomen pale yellowish brown, pregenital segments dorsally brown. Ninth tergite in dorsal view with an arcuate anterior incision and a nearly V-shaped posterior incision, leaving a narrow median portion and a pair of subtriangular hemitergites, which are obtuse distally and densely haired; in lateral view broad, with straight ventral margin and arcuate posterior margin. Ninth sternite obviously shorter than ninth tergite, arcuately convex posteriad. Ectoproct in dorsal view with a strong sclerotized projection medially, which is bifid at tip, posteroventrally with a pair of short and flattened projections, a pair of bifid unguiform projections and a pair of short, feebly sclerotized, digitiform projections. Ninth gonocoxite strongly inflated and spoon-shaped on anterior half, with posterior half slenderly elongate and curved posteroventrally, which is with a slenderly short projection extended subterminally; tenth gonocoxite slenderly elongate, much longer than ninth gonocoxite, with incurved base and spinous tip which is curved outward, medially with a lobe connecting to ninth gonocoxite; gonarcus beam-shaped, bifid on both ends, laterally connecting to base of ninth gonocoxites. Hypandrium internum nearly trapezoidal, with lateral margins slightly arcuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="120EB57822FF07B656B53E7A6EBF9422" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Female. Forewing length 12.5 mm, hindwing length 11.5 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="313722AF07D5EE2462D48020A7EAE60D" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Abdomen yellow, ovipositor yellowish brown, seventh sternite ruptured during maceration, eighth abdominal segment without subgenitale. Colleterial gland apparently also ruptured, not visible. Bursa copulatrix sac-like in lateral view, with an elongated bowl-like sclerite and a paired sclerotized domed structure distally behind it; bursal accessory gland not observed. Ectoproct rather small, ovoid.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="696216D78F72ED05D78651B037A43362" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="materials examined">
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<paragraph id="08ADECD56609C19195C2B592FE5ED7EA" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Materials examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B918EA650CC760EC8111F577077F68B5" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
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Holotype ♂, "Formosa, Arizan [= Mt. Alishan, Taiwan,
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<geoCoordinate id="8F0D05A35C7ED3E6AA1CD1C87850EBD3" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.516666">23°31'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5250B0DA31BF02733A585998BB34C27D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.8">120°48'E</geoCoordinate>
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], June 4, Gressitt, Type, M.C.Z. No. 20229" (MCZ). CHINA: 2♂, Taiwan, Taoyuan, Mt. Tamanshan [
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<geoCoordinate id="4A0EB7C24EF587A5D5A0D10AAA02C152" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.7">24°42'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="717A1A5CB5C928DC647DE9A2A1F7D00D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="121.45">121°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 1600 m, 11.VI.2013, Feiyang Liang (CAU); 1♂, Taiwan, Taipei, Mt. Yangmingshan, Datun Park [
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<geoCoordinate id="935E4B60DCD51BF2815346F0EDEF7746" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.15">25°09'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="AB5787213404E70614A9708CEC6CB2EF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="121.53333">121°32'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 900 m, 17.VI.2012, Lihua Wang (CAU); 2♂, Taiwan, Taipei, Mt. Yangmingshan, Datun Park, 900 m, 17.VI.2012, Luxi Liu (CAU); 5♂1f#, Taiwan, Nantou, Tayuling [
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<geoCoordinate id="5467E9E5B77F02F8D5477E0902ACAA0C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.916666">23°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="41E20AAE5E3455974922E1D7C9DA00A0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.666664">120°40'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 2500 m, 8-18.VI.1998, D. R. Davis (NMNH); 1♂, "Formosa, Taihorin [Taiwan: Chiayi County, Dalin (= Taihorin),
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<geoCoordinate id="FFA21F7F70E8D88B242AF8212351B8C5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="23.583334">23°35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7699F00816E901E521D93E9420ECD806" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.46667">120°28'E</geoCoordinate>
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], VI.10. [= June 1910], H. Sauter" (MNB); 2♂ [Holotype and a paratype of
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<taxonomicName id="13B1B6E787BC2C059F4CD70FA758CFC4" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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], "Formosa, T. Kano/
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<taxonomicName id="B9ADCCDAD36C2760CDC92A82685DE865" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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n.sp. (Type) W. NAKAHARA/Waro Nakahara Collection II" (NSMT); 1♂ [Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="08B6AD6C307BED40E7CD6DD17A840A85" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Dilar kanoi</taxonomicName>
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], "Formosa, T. Kano/
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<taxonomicName id="92E7348B166E904A8E5F4312D6E09AF1" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Dilar kanoi</taxonomicName>
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n.sp. (Type) W. NAKAHARA/Waro Nakahara Collection II/NSMT-I-Nr No. 4340" (NSMT); 1♂, CHINA: Taiwan, 29.VII.1928, T. Kano (NSMT); JAPAN: 1♂, Iriomote Island, Upper Nakara River [
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<geoCoordinate id="F2B41BD3A549C372B6A75A28EE7645DD" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.333334">24°20'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A70F78DC7DB735BA36464FCE29259877" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="123.816666">123°49'E</geoCoordinate>
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], 12.III.1964, Y. Miyatake (NSMT).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CB9DF4FCA98A9C8D2802224E8F630EFE" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6B2C0CCFBC62C1D443A5400D0E519077" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C846068D59B01781709400F4B988A8F" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">China (Taiwan), Japan (Iriomote Island).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="904925F235ACDC30399F7FDECB59969C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="43AB741DC2D079677CFD2A529CB575BB" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8ECC2E6FE50A0AF1B34E03F92484FC3B" pageId="3" pageNumber="144">
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This species was originally described by
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<bibRefCitation id="DA81DB00AABFBD6E339B5B6F2F0EEC3B" author="Banks, N" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" pagination="255 - 291" title="Neuropteroid insects from Formosa." volume="62" year="1937">Banks (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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based on external morphology only. After our examination of the holotype of this species, we found that this species is identical with
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<taxonomicName id="FA58A6AE82DECA5E38E002AC35E7F480" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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Nakahara and
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<taxonomicName id="87D0ABAB2D216FFC1FEB9F1D1C16E104" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Dilar kanoi</taxonomicName>
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Nakahara based on the comparison of its male genitalia with the original genitalic illustrations of the latter two species. Therefore, we treat
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<taxonomicName id="9F3010900C3CCAAE5971D722A682BB88" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2017A5542163538A13F465871E5D365D" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Dilar kanoi</taxonomicName>
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as junior synonyms of D. taiwanensis. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the collecting labels of the primary types of
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<taxonomicName id="79D62EE1115B976C715EB70906A4220B" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar distinctus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinctus">Dilar distinctus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="DEDC86DD30E1A09D95DEFCD47DEE868D" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar kanoi" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanoi">Dilar kanoi</taxonomicName>
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lack the information of the precise data of the collecting sites and dates, which however were indicated in the original descriptions (
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<bibRefCitation id="6750DFD1BF94F615D88A19D3A927F09B" author="Nakahara, W" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" pagination="6 - 12" title="Formosan Neuroptera collected by the late Dr. T. Kano." volume="23" year="1955 a">Nakahara 1955a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="657A72F44D5B7B14690EB4BF179460B7" author="Nakahara, W" journalOrPublisher="Kontyu" pageId="8" pageNumber="149" pagination="133 - 142" title="The Dilaridae of Japan and Formosa (Neuroptera)." volume="23" year="1955 b">b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8D21B091054EB6B54D1454FF0A5181FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
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<pageBreakToken id="81DD2499A044975054A441CF56493A0F" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" start="start">It</pageBreakToken>
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is interesting that this species is polymorphic. Some individuals (See Figs 28, 30) have dark wings, while some individuals (See Figs 29, 31) have much paler wings. Therefore, it is difficult to identify the Taiwanese
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<taxonomicName id="BE474ED052AC7D1A6B6093913DD490B4" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dilar</taxonomicName>
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species only based on external morphology because of its significant intraspecific variations. Possibly,
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<taxonomicName id="51B9AA2F1DC49BB55AA2616C4605545C" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar formosanus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosanus">Dilar formosanus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="D8DFAAC78B225C917FE1A5EDCB5BDC14" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar pallidus" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus">Dilar pallidus</taxonomicName>
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are individual variations of
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<taxonomicName id="0D714142CE5C50A94C0EBBD7B02D7C87" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar taiwanensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Dilar taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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, which, however, needs further clarification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3963DBF32489005CC3439B668DC66A7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">Considering the distribution, this species is firstly recorded in Iriomote Island, which is the southernmost island of Ryukyus, Japan.</paragraph>
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<caption id="411A37F454E31D7BF1583DA3C849911D" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
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<paragraph id="4F2089EC2FF3E4B65E8D0896E90BC81E" pageId="4" pageNumber="145">
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Figures 17-20.
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<taxonomicName id="43465DB2AE70B95C4BDBF9CD084E7CE5" class="Insecta" family="Dilaridae" genus="Dilar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dilar taiwanensis" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Dilar taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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Banks. 17. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 18. Male genitalia, ventral view; 19. Male genitalia, lateral view; 20. Male ectoproct, caudal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |