280 lines
30 KiB
XML
280 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="CB50EEF4AAA759142FBA206ED5D33CC1" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFAAFF9BFCE92705FBAB8F4A" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Chrotopterus auritus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="626EE445C1F33CB2E80B2463EDB1DF4A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="882C592F66A455602F2445CFA21C6E81">
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<mods:title id="38E0A6E1A0A32B1701A3A5AAF73D4BA4">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="269F5DCED46A3915687A5E48AB18A476" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="57622A2AB790B85B9125365D1D28CE8A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="652CE5F91733C855DB2468A9AAB42471">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0718D43E8936F9ED240336A5D54F215D">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6B58ED9E38581426108130950B46B163">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="922ADA13DC5E1CB8B37AD952B049C023">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2F2BDAE37D84A6DA6F7AF2CB7A8612EF">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E6DEF3877086B21B812EDEA9AFA29A01">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3B7522E491555B6258B41FB3A1FDAF2C">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="67E4DA8F648349CCE598D3529BBA81C4">
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<mods:date id="25FF69D5FA60D6203F227DCC7A76982B">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="14E31855BBEDC3AD15E0912A8F35DB7E">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6C429ACA1179FB2D21E9438825C93127" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7088F563767B8700AA3B8202D35D6B29">237</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9E89C42E6AE35D81A08E787EA709060F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0753A6C0A6957EC8617E9B4F034A5F1A" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD0E44F433CBDBFC7FECD765238A477D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFAAFF9BFCE92705FBAB8F4A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546447" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546447" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFAAFF9BFCE92705FBAB8F4A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFAAFF9BFCE92705FBAB8F4A" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAAFF99FCE92705FBFD8C15" box="[795,1142,1303,1326]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAAFF99FCE92705FBFD8C15" blockId="57.[795,1142,1303,1326]" box="[795,1142,1303,1326]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFFAAFF99FCE92705FBFD8C15" box="[795,1142,1303,1326]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FCE92705FBFD8C15" ID-CoL="5YK72" authority="(Peters)" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[795,1142,1303,1326]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FCE92705FB9A8C15" box="[795,1041,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Chrotopterus auritus</emphasis>
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(Peters)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAAFF99FD2F2759FC648C80" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAAFF99FD2F2759FC648C80" blockId="57.[704,1233,1355,1763]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFAAFF99FC142759FC648C80" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467324" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">3 females (AMNH *267131, *267852; MNHN *1995.986) and 2 males (AMNH *267130, *267444); see table 19 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAAFF9BFD2F27D3FBA18C6D" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAAFF9AFD2F27D3FD768C3B" blockId="57.[704,1233,1355,1763]" lastBlockId="58.[670,1199,1140,1310]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
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IDENTIFICATION: Descriptions and measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FCC027CDFBA18CCD" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[818,1066,1503,1526]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FCC027CDFBA18CCD" box="[818,1066,1503,1526]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Chrotopterus auritus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be found in Thomas (1905b),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FC4427EEFBE08F28" author="Taddei, V. A." box="[950,1131,1532,1555]" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia e Cultura" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="621 - 632" part="27" refId="ref100692" refString="Taddei, V. A. 1975 a. Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) do norteocidental do Estado de Sao Paulo. I. Phyllostominae. Ciencia e Cultura 27: 621 - 632." title="Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) do norteocidental do Estado de Sao Paulo. I. Phyllostominae" type="journal article" year="1975">Taddei (1975a)</bibRefCitation>
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, Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FCCF2408FB938F0A" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" box="[829,1048,1562,1585]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FBDF2408FC298F74" author="Williams, S. L. & H. H. Genoways" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="213 - 236" part="49" refId="ref102406" refString="Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways 1980 a. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 213 - 236." title="Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1980">Williams and Genoways (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FC42242AFBB08F74" author="Hall, E. R." box="[944,1083,1592,1615]" journalOrPublisher="New York: Wiley and Sons" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" refId="ref94782" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. Mammals of North America, 2 nd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons." title="Mammals of North America, 2 nd ed" type="book" year="1981">Hall (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FB8F242AFCB38F57" author="Medellin, R. A." bookContentInfo="5 pp." journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 343" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" refId="ref97940" refString="Medellin, R. A. 1989. Chrotopterus auritus. Mamm. Species 343: 5 pp." title="Chrotopterus auritus" type="book" year="1989">Medellín (1989)</bibRefCitation>
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. Three subspecies were recognized by Thomas (1905b),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FC212461FB1B8FB1" author="Cabrera, A." bookContentInfo="307 pp." box="[979,1168,1651,1674]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Museo Argent. Cienc. Nat. '' Bernardino Rivadavia' ' (Cienc. Zool.) 4" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" refId="ref91973" refString="Cabrera, A. 1958. Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur. Rev. Museo Argent. Cienc. Nat. '' Bernardino Rivadavia' ' (Cienc. Zool.) 4 (1): 307 pp." title="Catalogo de los mamiferos de America del Sur" type="book" year="1958">Cabrera (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FD322482FC6B8F9C" author="Jones, J. K., Jr. & D. C. Carter" box="[704,992,1680,1703]" editor="Baker, J. K. & Jones, Jr. & D. C. Carter" journalOrPublisher="Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomidae, pt. 1: 7 - 38. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ." pageId="57" pageNumber="57" part="10" refId="ref96048" refString="Jones, J. K., Jr., and D. C. Carter 1976. Annotated checklist with keys to subfamilies and genera. In R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones, Jr., and D. C. Carter (eds.), Biology of bats of the New World family Phyllostomidae, pt. 1: 7 - 38. Spec. Publ. Mus. Texas Tech Univ. 10." title="Annotated checklist with keys to subfamilies and genera" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="R. J" year="1976">Jones and Carter (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FC1E2483FC748F93" box="[1004,1023,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FBFD2483FB958F93" box="[1039,1054,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">a</emphasis>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FBDF2483FBF48F93" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1069,1151,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FBDF2483FBF48F93" box="[1069,1151,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">auritus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Mexico south to Panama and adjacent parts of northern South America),
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FBE724DEFBA38FD8" box="[1045,1064,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FBB024DEFBDA8FD8" box="[1090,1105,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">a</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FB9924DEFB5A8FD8" box="[1131,1233,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">australis</emphasis>
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(southern Brazil, Paraguay, northern Argentina), and
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFF1B2683FF778D93" box="[233,252,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFEE52683FEAD8D93" box="[279,294,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">a</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFECD2683FE168D93" box="[319,413,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">guianae</emphasis>
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(Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil). However, Handley (1966) expressed doubt that these taxa could be distinguished and Koopman (1994) did not use trinomial nomenclature for
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFDF12715FD538DB0" box="[515,728,1140,1310]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">Chrotop terus</emphasis>
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. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFA9FF9AFC852666FD738D93" author="Williams, S. L. & H. H. Genoways" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="58" pageNumber="58" pagination="213 - 236" part="49" refId="ref102406" refString="Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways 1980 a. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 213 - 236." title="Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1980">Williams and Genoways (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
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identified their Surinamese material as
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFD3326BDFD5F8DFD" box="[705,724,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">C</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFD1A26BDFD7C8DFD" box="[744,759,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">a</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFCFB26BDFCEC8DFD" box="[777,871,1199,1222]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">guianae</emphasis>
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, they did not comment on the implied validity of a subspecific classification.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAAFF99FF65243CFF368FD9" blockId="57.[128,658,1582,1762]" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">
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<superScript id="30C5E04EFFAAFF99FF65243CFF158F02" attach="right" box="[151,158,1582,1593]" fontSize="5" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">7</superScript>
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Unfortunately, this unique capture of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FDE3243DFF428F66" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FDE3243DFF428F66" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Lonchophylla thomasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in an elevated net is unvouchered. It is possible that the animal in question was really
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FE022477FF2C8FA9" authorityName=": Webster and McGillivray" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lionycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spurrelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FE022477FF2C8FA9" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Lionycteris spurrelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which somewhat resembles
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAAFF99FE49246DFD018FA9" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1904" box="[443,650,1663,1682]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAAFF99FE49246DFD018FA9" box="[443,650,1663,1682]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="57">Lonchophylla thomasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, is known to fly in the subcanopy, and has been collected at nearby Piste St.Élie (
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAAFF99FE9324A7FF398FD9" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="57" pageNumber="57" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique, 1990</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="93CF1D8EFFA9FF9AFF8A21DFFDFB8D09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545108" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545108/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="58" startId="58.[120,158,973,994]" targetBox="[100,1191,208,952]" targetPageId="58">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFA9FF9AFF8A21DFFDFB8D09" blockId="58.[94,1198,973,1074]" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">
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||
Fig. 27. Roost of
|
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA9FF9AFEB921DCFDBC8AD8" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1904" box="[331,567,974,995]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFEB921DCFDBC8AD8" box="[331,567,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">Lonchophylla thomasi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in welldrained primary forest at Paracou. At least five
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA9FF9AFB6B21DCFF3A8AC6" authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1904" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Lonchophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="58" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomasi">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFB6B21DCFB238AD8" box="[1177,1192,974,995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9AFFAC21FAFF3A8AC6" box="[94,177,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">thomasi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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occupied the dark interior of this hollow log several meters to the right of the opening indicated by the arrow, and a group of unidentified emballonurids was simultaneously roosting near a second opening to the far right (not shown in this view).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFA9FF9BFD492714FDBA8CE0" blockId="58.[670,1199,1140,1310]" lastBlockId="59.[128,657,830,1763]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Thomas (1905b) distinguished
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA9FF9BFBDD2715FED78A6D" italics="true" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="58" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Chrotopte rus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFF5C212DFED78A6D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[174,348,831,854]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">auritus auritus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE9E212DFEF48A6D" box="[364,383,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE62212DFE148A6D" box="[400,415,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE5D212DFD9E8A6D" box="[431,533,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFDA5212DFDE18A6D" box="[599,618,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFD88212DFD028A6D" box="[634,649,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF72214EFF558A48" box="[128,222,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
on the basis of skin and pelage characters alone; no craniodental or measurement differences were noted. Characters remarked by Thomas included: (1) color of the wingtip (dark in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFF1521C3FEB28AD3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[231,313,977,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF1521C3FEB28AD3" box="[231,313,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, small white tip in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFDD621C3FD018AD3" box="[548,650,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, broad white tip in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE9221FDFE358D3D" box="[352,446,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
); (2) color of the distal phalanges of digit III of wing (dark in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF72263BFF6D8D7B" box="[128,230,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, distalmost phalanx white in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFDAC263BFF368D65" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, two distal phalanges white in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFD932655FF338D40" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
); (3) color of the membranous edge between wing digits IV and V (dark in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFDCC2693FD1B8DA3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[574,656,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFDCC2693FD1B8DA3" box="[574,656,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF45268DFE968D8D" box="[183,285,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, trace of white along edge in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF7226AEFF558DE8" box="[128,222,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
); (4) distinct metacarpal patch of woolly fur at the base of the thumb (present in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF5A26E5FE858C35" box="[168,270,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, absent in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE5B26E5FD8C8C35" box="[425,519,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
, not mentioned for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFF082706FEC78C10" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[250,332,1300,1323]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF082706FEC78C10" box="[250,332,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and (5) extension of body fur onto the flight membranes (fur extending onto the ventral surface of the wing membrane behind the elbow and onto the dorsal surface of the interfemoral membrane in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFDAC279BFF368C85" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
, no fur extending onto membranes in
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFF7227D6FF558CE0" box="[128,222,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
, not mentioned for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFE3C27D6FDAB8CE0" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[462,544,1476,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE3C27D6FDAB8CE0" box="[462,544,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFA8FF9BFF6F27F3FBA18C6D" blockId="59.[128,657,830,1763]" lastBlockId="59.[704,1233,830,1649]" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Our Paracou specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFE0427F3FF598F2D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE0427F3FF598F2D" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">Chrotopterus auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
correspond to previous qualitative and morphometric descriptions of the species. However, our material exhibits external character variation that does not conform with any of Thomas’ (1905b) subspecific diagnoses. For example, the Paracou specimens have a small white wingtip (supposedly characteristic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFEB624DEFEDC8FD8" box="[324,343,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE9A24DEFEFC8FD8" box="[360,375,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFE7424DEFE678FD8" box="[390,492,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
), the two dis tal phalanges of wing digit III are white (supposedly characteristic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC1C2149FB8A8A49" box="[1006,1025,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFBE12149FBA98A49" box="[1043,1058,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFBC62149FB198A49" box="[1076,1170,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
), the edge of the wing membrane between the fourth and fifth digits is dark in one specimen (supposedly characterisic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFBFC21A3FBAA8AF3" box="[1038,1057,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFBC221A3FBB48AF3" box="[1072,1087,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFBBF21A3FB148AF3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1101,1183,945,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFBBF21A3FB148AF3" box="[1101,1183,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFD3221DFFD588ADF" box="[704,723,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFD1721DFFD7F8ADF" box="[741,756,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCF421DFFCE78ADF" box="[774,876,973,996]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
) and white (supposedly characteristic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCA121F8FCED8D3A" box="[851,870,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC8421F8FC0E8D3A" box="[886,901,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC6621F8FC798D3A" box="[916,1010,1002,1025]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
) in others, there is a distinct metacarpal patch of woolly fur at the base of the thumb (supposedly characteristic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCE9262DFCA58D6D" box="[795,814,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCCD262DFCC58D6D" box="[831,846,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCAC262DFC4F8D6D" box="[862,964,1087,1110]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
), the body fur extends onto the ventral surface of the wing membrane behind the elbow (supposedly characteristic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFCCD2687FCD98D97" box="[831,850,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC972687FCFF8D97" box="[869,884,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC742687FC678D97" box="[902,1004,1173,1196]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">australis</emphasis>
|
||
), but the body fur does not extend onto the dorsal surface of the interfemoral membrane (supposedly characterisic of
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC8C26F8FC1A8C3A" box="[894,913,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC5026F8FC3A8C3A" box="[930,945,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">a</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFC3326F8FB948C3A" box="[961,1055,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">guianae</emphasis>
|
||
). We therefore agree with Handley (1966) and Koopman (1994) that a subspecific classification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFB472731FC998C6D" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFB472731FB438C01" box="[1205,1224,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFD32272DFC998C6D" box="[704,786,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not currently useful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFA8FF9BFD2F2749FBAB8F4A" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFA8FF9BFD2F2749FBAB8F4A" blockId="59.[704,1233,830,1649]" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: All five of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFA8FF9BFB792749FC0E8CB4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chrotopterus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="59" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFA8FF9BFB792749FC0E8CB4" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="59">Chrotopterus auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we collected at Paracou were taken in groundlevel mistnets; four were captured in welldrained primary forest and one in creekside primary forest. Three individuals were captured singly (on different nights), but an adult male and an adult female, presumably travelling together, were captured in the same net within seconds of one another on 22 July 1993.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |