265 lines
19 KiB
XML
265 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225252" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-97-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1239255" ModsDocID="1314-2003-97-1" checkinTime="1524638383340" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Johnson, David M. & Murray, Nancy A." docDate="2018" docId="3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 97: 1-252" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 97" docPubDate="2018-04-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975" docTitle="Xylopia toussaintii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 111 – 112. 1951." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" masterDocId="BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF" masterDocTitle="A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1643467003316" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Xylopia L. (Annonaceae): the species of Tropical Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, David M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Murray, Nancy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany-Microbiology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">namurray@owu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-04-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>97</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>252</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-97-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD026E15CD67FF99E01FF605FFF6FFEF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1239255</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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24.
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<taxonomicName LSID="3E6F9375-AB4E-5E6E-B55E-6EB401409752" authority="Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 21: 111 - 112. 1951." authorityName="Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot. État 21: 111 – 112. 1951." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia toussaintii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toussaintii">
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Xylopia toussaintii Boutique, Bull. Jard. Bot.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
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21: 111-112. 1951.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1948-05" collectorName="L. Toussaint" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" location="Luki" municipality="Mayumbe" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Congo" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
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["Belgian
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<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Congo</collectingRegion>
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"].
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<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kongo Central Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Mayumbe</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752:0AF383D4927C233C74C9925AF0F71A63" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" municipality="Mayumbe" name="Luki" stateProvince="Congo">Luki</location>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vallé">valle</normalizedToken>
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de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="N’kula">N'kula</normalizedToken>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1948-05">May 1948</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<collectorName>L. Toussaint</collectorName>
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373
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: BR!; isotypes: BM! [000511058], BR! [0000008825483], K! [000199052], P! [00169123, 00169124])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Tree</emphasis>
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up to 30 m tall (shrub 6 m tall-
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Gossweiler 9151</emphasis>
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), d.b.h. up to 30 cm, bole up to 14 m high, secondary branches forming a broad round crown; bark finely fissured.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Twigs</emphasis>
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brown, eventually gray to brown, smooth, spreading-pubescent, the hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long, eventually gray to brown, glabrate; nodes occasionally with two axillary branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Leaf</emphasis>
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with larger blades 4.1-9.1 cm long, 1.9-2.9 cm wide, chartaceous, concolorous or slightly discolorous, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, sometimes ovate, apex acute to rounded, base rounded, densely short-pubescent on midrib but otherwise glabrate adaxially, uniformly pubescent abaxially; midrib plane adaxially, raised abaxially, secondary veins indistinctly brochidodromous, 7-11 per side, diverging at 45-70° from the midrib, slightly raised on both surfaces, higher-order veins slightly raised to indistinct on both surfaces; petiole 2-3.2 mm long, shallowly canaliculate, pubescent.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves, 1-3-flowered, pubescent; peduncle 1 per axil, ca. 0.5 mm long; pedicels up to 3 per peduncle, 1.9-3.3 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm thick; bracts 2, lower attached near pedicel midpoint and upper subtending sepals, caducous or less often persistent, 2.4-3.6 mm long, ovate to broadly ovate, apex obtuse to rounded; buds linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Sepals</emphasis>
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spreading or slightly reflexed at anthesis, 1/10-connate, 1.3-2.2 mm long, 1.9-2.3 mm wide, coriaceous, broadly ovate to semicircular, apex obtuse to acute, pubescent abaxially.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Petals</emphasis>
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yellowish to olive
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">in vivo</emphasis>
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, outer petals more or less erect at anthesis, 8.7-11.8 mm long, 2.4-2.9 mm wide at base, 0.6-1 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, linear-lanceolate, apex more or less acute, pubescent on both surfaces except for the glabrous adaxial base;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="114" pageNumber="115" start="start">inner</pageBreakToken>
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petals probably spreading at anthesis, 6.4-10.3 mm long, 1.9-2.2 mm wide at base, 0.5-0.8 mm wide at midpoint, fleshy, linear-subulate, apex acute, base with margin differentiated into two circular to oblong glands ca. 0.4 wide, pubescent except for the glabrous concavity adaxially, pubescent abaxially.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Stamens</emphasis>
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75-80; fertile stamens 0.9-1.0 mm long, oblong, apex of connective ca. 0.2 mm long, shieldlike, overhanging the anther thecae, glabrous, anthers 7-8-locellate, filament 0.2-0.3 mm long; outer staminodes 0.8-1.1 mm long, oblong to clavate, apex obtuse to truncate; inner staminodes 0.5-0.8 mm long, oblong to clavate, apex rounded to truncate; staminal cone 0.9-1.1 mm in diameter, 0.4-0.8 mm high, concealing only the bases of the ovaries, rim laciniate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Carpels</emphasis>
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3-5; ovaries 0.8-1 mm long, narrowly oblong, pubescent, stigmas loosely connivent, 1.9-2.2 mm long, linear, glabrous except for an apical tuft of hairs.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Torus</emphasis>
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flat, 1.0-1.3 mm in diameter.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fruit</emphasis>
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of up to 4 sparsely pubescent monocarps borne on a pedicel 5-7.3 mm long, 2.4-3.4 mm thick, sparsely pubescent; torus 4.5-5.7 mm in diameter, 2.5-3.7 mm high, depressed-globose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Monocarps</emphasis>
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with a green, sometimes red-tinged, exterior
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">in vivo</emphasis>
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, endocarp color unknown, 2.8-3.9 cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, 0.9-1.1 cm thick, oblong to clavate, irregularly torulose, apex irregularly obtuse to truncate, base contracted into a stipe 5-9 mm long, 2.3-3.6 mm thick, obliquely wrinkled, verrucose; pericarp 0.6-1.6 mm thick.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Seeds</emphasis>
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up to 6 per monocarp, in a single row, oblique to long axis, 8.5-9.5 mm long, 5.0-6.5 mm wide, 3.7-4.5 mm thick, ellipsoid to flattened-ellipsoid, elliptic to wedge-shaped in cross-section, truncate at micropylar end, rounded at chalazal end, reddish brown to brown, smooth, dull or slightly shiny, raphe/antiraphe not evident, micropylar scar 1.8-2.0 mm long, 1.7-2.1 mm wide, obovate, elliptic, or circular; sarcotesta orange to red-orange
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">in vivo</emphasis>
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; aril absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Specimens with flowers have been collected from April to June, and with fruits from May, August to October, and December.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. Distributions of Xylopia gilbertii, X. toussaintii, and X. flamignii. Bolder lines represent country borders, fainter lines lakes and major rivers." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.97.20975.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/199109" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">24</figureCitation>
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). Occurs near the mouth of the Congo River in Angola, the Republic of the Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo in forest bordering savanna and other xerophytic forest types at low elevations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="local name">
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Local name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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Lucangua (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Toussaint 373, 2451</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="114" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1966-06-01" country="REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" location="Pointe-Indienne" municipality="Region de Pointe-Noire" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<collectingCountry name="Republic of the Congo">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Région">Region</normalizedToken>
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de Pointe-Noire
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</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752:F164CF10C5BB1F9D7D9AFD00ED9754A2" country="REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" municipality="Region de Pointe-Noire" name="Pointe-Indienne">Pointe-Indienne</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1966-06-01">1 Jun 1966</collectingDate>
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(fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Sita 1232</emphasis>
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(P)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1946-12-02" collectingDateMax="1959-03" collectingDateMin="1946-12-02" collectorName="de la Mikindu, la Mbola" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" location="Luki" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kongo Central">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<collectingCountry name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo">Kongo Central</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752:D9A8D68A2C786973D13A8CB64890B72B" country="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" name="Luki" stateProvince="Kongo Central">Luki</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1948-10-18">18 Oct 1948</collectingDate>
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(fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Donis 2065</emphasis>
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(K, P); Prov.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Léopoldville">Leopoldville</normalizedToken>
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, Territ. Boma, Luki,
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<collectingDate value="1959-03">Mar 1959</collectingDate>
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(buds),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Mahieu 290</emphasis>
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(K); Mayumbe, Luki,
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<collectingDate value="1946-12-02">2 Dec 1946</collectingDate>
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(fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Toussaint 2068</emphasis>
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(K, MO, P, PRE); Luki,
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<collectingDate value="1947-04-03">3 Apr 1947</collectingDate>
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(fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Toussaint 2241</emphasis>
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(K, MO, P); Luki,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="vallée">vallee</normalizedToken>
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<collectorName>de la Mikindu</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1947-09-04">4 Sep 1947</collectingDate>
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(fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Toussaint 2451</emphasis>
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(BR, K, MO, P); Prov. Leopoldville, Territ. Boma, Station a
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<collectorName>la Mbola</collectorName>
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, border of savanna and dry forest,
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<collectingDate value="1957-08-30">30 Aug 1957</collectingDate>
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(fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Wagemans 1696</emphasis>
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(K)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1923-05-01" collectingDateMax="1926-05" collectingDateMin="1923-05-01" country="ANGOLA" location="Peco" municipality="Sumba" specimenCount="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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<collectingCountry name="Angola">ANGOLA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality>Sumba</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E6F9375AB4E5E6EB55E6EB401409752:365396AD7BB57B62468420D8FD9E596D" country="ANGOLA" municipality="Sumba" name="Peco">Peco</location>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1923-05-01">1 May 1923</collectingDate>
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(fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Gossweiler 8741</emphasis>
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(BM-2 sheets, K, US), Sumba, Peco,
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<collectingDate value="1926-05">May 1926</collectingDate>
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(fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Gossweiler 9151</emphasis>
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(BM, MO,
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
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A poorly known species similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia gilbertii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Xylopia gilbertii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" genus="X." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="X. toussaintii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" rank="species" species="toussaintii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">X. toussaintii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs most notably in its longer flowers with proportionately narrower petals.
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia toussaintii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toussaintii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Xylopia toussaintii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs in an area of strongly seasonal rainfall and corresponding semi-evergreen vegetation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Couralet, C" journalOrPublisher="PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" refId="B38" refString="Couralet, C, 2010. Community dynamics, phenology and growth of tropical trees in the rain forest Reserve of Luki, Democratic Republic of Congo. PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent" title="Community dynamics, phenology and growth of tropical trees in the rain forest Reserve of Luki, Democratic Republic of Congo." year="2010">Couralet 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). We calculated an EOO of
|
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<quantity metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.766" unit="km" value="6766.0">6,766 km</quantity>
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2 and an AOO of
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<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
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2 for
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia toussaintii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toussaintii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Xylopia toussaintii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |