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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c3e94de4-8cc6-4265-8a96-219e8c73957a" ID-PMC="PMC8359005" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-164-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F8BB69882078557CB69041DA4DEAEA61" ID-PubMed="34531697" ModsDocID="1314-2003-164-67" checkinTime="1603326363033" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci de &amp; Snak, Cristiane" docDate="2020" docId="2763AD027C5E53AFAB8AE2A96BE5FADA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 164: 67-114" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 164" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441" docTitle="Macropsychanthus Harms in K. Schumann &amp; Lauterbach, Fl. Schutzgeb. Suedsee 366. 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F8BB69882078557CB69041DA4DEAEA61" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="F8BB69882078557CB69041DA4DEAEA61" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of Dioclea and related genera (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), with new generic circumscriptions" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668140091820" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of Dioclea and related genera (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), with new generic circumscriptions</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci de</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">luciano.paganucci@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Snak, Cristiane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Botanica, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina s / n, Novo Horizonte, 44036 - 900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil &amp; Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Rua Cel. Fernandes Martins 270, Progresso, 88790 - 000, Laguna, Santa Catarina, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>164</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>67</mods:start>
<mods:end>114</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-164-67</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F8BB69882078557CB69041DA4DEAEA61</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168507817" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2763AD027C5E53AFAB8AE2A96BE5FADA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2763AD027C5E53AFAB8AE2A96BE5FADA" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
4.
<taxonomicName LSID="2763AD02-7C5E-53AF-AB8A-E2A96BE5FADA" authority="Harms in K. Schumann &amp; Lauterbach, Fl. Schutzgeb. Suedsee 366. 1900." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
Macropsychanthus Harms in K. Schumann &amp; Lauterbach, Fl. Schutzgeb.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Südsee">Suedsee</normalizedToken>
366. 1900.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus lauterbachii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lauterbachii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus lauterbachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Harms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Stout, high-climbing lianas with twining stems, less frequently shrubs or woody vines in open habitats.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Stipules</emphasis>
medifixed and prolonged below their insertion (peltate) or basifixed and not prolonged below their insertion.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Leaves</emphasis>
pinnately trifoliolate, stipellate or estipellate.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a stout, woody, erect pseudoraceme, nodes multiflorous, woody, stalked and secundiflorous; bracteoles fleshy.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Flowers</emphasis>
massive; calyx with the tube fleshy coriaceous, upper edge convex or humped, 4-lobed, with the upper lobe either entire and triangulate to obtuse or emarginate and then with the resulting tips rounded or 5-lobed with the two upper lobes rounded and the other three lobes triangulate, the lower lobe much longer than the remaining lobes or deeply bilabiate with two oblong lips; petals firm, the standard petal reflexed, somewhat fleshy, bicallose, provided with two basal and folded auricles, wing petals ca. twice as long as the keel, obliquely oblong, obliquely ovate, obovate, elliptic to almost quadrate, basal spur at the upper margin present or lacking, keel upcurved, the keel petals triangular or semi-lunar, extending distally into a slender, obtuse or truncate beak; androecium pseudomonadelphous, the 10 stamens joined in a tube, but the filament of the vexillary stamen free at the base, anthers mostly dimorphic, 5 fertile alternating with 5 sterile or 6 fertile and 4 sterile or anthers uniform and all 10 fertile; intrastaminal nectary disc 10-dentate or 10-lobed; ovary sessile, style usually swollen distally.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Fruit</emphasis>
indehiscent, passively dehiscent or elastically dehiscent with twisting woody valves, turgid, slightly compressed or flat compressed, valves coriaceous, fleshy or woody, upper margin smooth or provided with ribs or wings.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Seeds</emphasis>
3-5 to 9, massive, either orbiculate and slightly compressed with a hard testa or soft overgrown and without a definite shape, with flat contact planes or elliptic and flat compressed; hilum linear, encircling 1/2 to 4/5 of the
<normalizedToken originalValue="seed’s">seed's</normalizedToken>
circumference or short and oblong. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Representatives of the clade B. Macropsychanthus subg. Macropsychanthus (A-F). Macropsychanthus grandiflorus (Mart. ex Benth.) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak A flowering vine (from Queiroz 15227). Macropsychanthus marginatus (Benth.) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak B mature fruit showing dehiscence through the lower suture only C one of the valves removed to show the seeds with a long linear hilum (arrow; from Queiroz 15225). Macropsychanthus edule (Kuhlm.) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak D the indehiscent and fleshy fruit decahing to release the seeds (from Popovkin 1546). Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms var. lauterbachii E giant flowers with bluish petals (unvouchered). Macropsychanthus megacarpus (Rolfe) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak F flower (from Queiroz 10135). Macropsychanthus subg. Platylobium (G-J). Macropsychanthus scabrus (Rich.) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak G flowers (from Cardoso 2907). Macropsychanthus bicolor (Benth.) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak H part of the pseudoracemous inflorescence I mature (left) and dehisced (right) fruits J seed, showing the short hilum (arrow; from Queiroz 15874). Photos A-C, F, H-J: L. P. Queiroz; D: A. Popovkin; E: A. D. Poulsen; G: D. Cardoso." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465931" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465931" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Representatives of the clade B.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus (Macropsychanthus) subsp. subg." order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Macropsychanthus">Macropsychanthus subg. Macropsychanthus</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-F</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus grandiflorus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflorus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus grandiflorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mart. ex Benth.) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
flowering vine (from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Queiroz 15227</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus marginatus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marginatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus marginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
mature fruit showing dehiscence through the lower suture only
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
one of the valves removed to show the seeds with a long linear hilum (arrow; from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Queiroz 15225</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus edule" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="edule">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus edule</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kuhlm.) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
the indehiscent and fleshy fruit decahing to release the seeds (from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Popovkin 1546</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName authority="Harms var. lauterbachii" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus lauterbachii subsp. var. var. lauterbachii" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lauterbachii" subSpecies="var." variety="lauterbachii">Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms var. lauterbachii</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
giant flowers with bluish petals (unvouchered).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus megacarpus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus megacarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rolfe) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
flower (from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Queiroz 10135</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus (Platylobium) subsp. subg." order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platylobium">Macropsychanthus subg. Platylobium</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G-J</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak var. scabrus" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="var. schulzii (R. H. Maxwell) L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus scabrus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabrus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus scabrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rich.) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G</emphasis>
flowers (from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Cardoso 2907</emphasis>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus bicolor" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) L.P. Queiroz &amp; Snak
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">H</emphasis>
part of the pseudoracemous inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">I</emphasis>
mature (left) and dehisced (right) fruits
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">J</emphasis>
seed, showing the short hilum (arrow; from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Queiroz 15874</emphasis>
). Photos
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A-C, F, H-J</emphasis>
: L.P. Queiroz; D: A. Popovkin;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
: A.D. Poulsen;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">G</emphasis>
: D. Cardoso.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Harms is the earliest validly-published genus name for this group. Two older names,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lepidamphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidamphora" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Lepidamphora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zolling. and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchaiss., were not validly published.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lepidamphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidamphora volubilis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Lepidamphora volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zolling. was published as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea javanica" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="javanica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea javanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. with the citation of two specimens (&quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Herb. n. 763 et 867 Z.</emphasis>
&quot;;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.93" author="Miquel, FAW" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B44" refString="Miquel, FAW, 1855. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, vol. 1. C.G. van der Post, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.93" title="Flora van Nederlandsch Indie, vol. 1. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.93" year="1855">Miquel 1855</bibRefCitation>
: 217).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lepidamphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidamphora volubilis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="volubilis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Lepidamphora volubilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was probably just a name on herbarium sheets and is invalid because it was published as a synonym (ICN Article 36.1;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B65" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and because it was published as a species, but the genus to which it was assigned was not validly published at the same time or was not validly published previously (Art. 35.1;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B65" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF, 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
The Panamanian
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum pulchrum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchaiss. was another invalidly-published name that could be related with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined here. It was originally published as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Canavalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canavalia miniata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Canavalia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) DC. by Griesebach (1866: 76). However,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" author="Urban, I" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B66" refString="Urban, I, 1899. Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 1. Fratres Borntraeger, Berlin, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" title="Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 1. Fratres Borntraeger, Berlin, Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" year="1899">Urban (1899</bibRefCitation>
: 473) placed
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. pulchrum" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea reflexa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reflexa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea reflexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook. f. (=
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus comosus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="comosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus comosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), based on the calyx description provided earlier by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.177" author="Grisebach, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B23" refString="Grisebach, A, 1866. Catalogus plantarum cubensium exhibens collectionem Wrightianam aliasque minores ex insula Cuba missas. Gulielmum Engelmann, Leipzig, 1-301. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.177" title="Catalogus plantarum cubensium exhibens collectionem Wrightianam aliasque minores ex insula Cuba missas. Gulielmum Engelmann, Leipzig, 1 - 301." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.177" year="1866">Grisebach (1866)</bibRefCitation>
. The only specimen of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Canavalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canavalia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Canavalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by Duchassaing that we were able to track is the type of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea panamensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchaiss. ex Walp. (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Duchassaing s.n.</emphasis>
[GOET 004985]), which is a synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea guianensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benth. and thus does not belong to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as circumscribed here. There is a plate from Duchaissang housed at GOET (and annotated as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Canavalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Canavalia miniata" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miniata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Canavalia miniata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Griesebach) that probably represents the only remnant of the original material of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum pulchrum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is a watercolour painting of a fruit and a seed with a pencil sketch of a flower and a detailed description by Duchaissang (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Lectotype of Taurophtalmum pulchrum Duchaiss. This watercolour painting housed at GOET is the only remnant of the original material of this species cited in Griesebach (1866)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465932" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">4</figureCitation>
). The fruit represented probably belongs to
<taxonomicName authorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="L. P. Queiroz &amp; Snak" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus megacarpus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="megacarpus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus megacarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not to
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. comosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="comosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">M. comosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as supposed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" author="Urban, I" journalOrPublisher="Theoretical and Applied Genetics" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" refId="B66" refString="Urban, I, 1899. Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 1. Fratres Borntraeger, Berlin, Paris. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" title="Symbolae Antillanae, seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis, vol. 1. Fratres Borntraeger, Berlin, Paris." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144" year="1899">Urban (1899)</bibRefCitation>
. The name
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
literally means &quot;bulls eye&quot; and was probably derived from the Spanish name &quot;ojo de buey&quot; for several species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also common in Portuguese as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“olho-de-boi”">&quot;olho-de-boi&quot;</normalizedToken>
), but not for species of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the absence of a specimen and taking the painting in GOET as evidence, we are considering
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as related to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although it is an invalid name.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.55441.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465932" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Taurophtalmum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Taurophtalmum pulchrum" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Taurophtalmum pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duchaiss. This watercolour painting housed at GOET is the only remnant of the original material of this species cited in Griesebach (1866).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
Two major clades were recovered corresponding to the circumscription of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
proposed here. One (clade D) brings together species formerly ascribed to the genera
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Luzonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Luzonia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Luzonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea (Pachylobium) subsp. subg." order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachylobium">Dioclea subg. Pachylobium</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea huberi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(subg.
<taxonomicName genus="Platylobium" lsidName="Platylobium subsp. sect." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="section" section="Macrocarpon">Platylobium sect. Macrocarpon</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3417/2002014" author="Maxwell, RH" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="226 - 243" refId="B40" refString="Maxwell, RH, 2011. New species and notes in the genus Dioclea s.l. (Fabaceae, subtribe Diocleinae). Novon 21 (2): 226 - 243, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3417/2002014" title="New species and notes in the genus Dioclea s. l. (Fabaceae, subtribe Diocleinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3417/2002014" volume="21" year="2011">Maxwell 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Clade C comprises all of the other species formerly ascribed to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea (Platylobium) subsp. subg." order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platylobium">Dioclea subg. Platylobium</taxonomicName>
. Clade D includes species with mostly medifixed stipules, fruits indehiscent or passively dehiscent and turgid seeds with a long, linear hilum; clade C includes species with basifixed stipules, fruits flat-compressed and elastically dehiscent and seeds with a short and oblong hilum. Our finding that the puzzling
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea huberi" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="huberi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea huberi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(formerly classified in subg.
<taxonomicName genus="Platylobium" lsidName="Platylobium subsp. sect." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="section" section="Macrocarpon">Platylobium sect. Macrocarpon</taxonomicName>
) is part of clade D blurs the distinction between those major clades, because it shares basifixed stipules and flat-compressed fruits and seeds with
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. (Platylobium) subsp. subg." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platylobium">D. subg. Platylobium</taxonomicName>
, but seeds with a long linear hilum with
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. (Pachylobium) subsp. subg." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachylobium">D. subg. Pachylobium</taxonomicName>
. Likewise,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Dioclea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dioclea macrocarpa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Dioclea macrocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recovered in clade C, shows the basifixed stipules and the short and oblong hilum of
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. (Platylobium) subsp. subg." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platylobium">D. subg. Platylobium</taxonomicName>
together with the turgid fruits and seeds of
<taxonomicName lsidName="D. (Pachylobium) subsp. subg." pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pachylobium">D. subg. Pachylobium</taxonomicName>
. Thus, clades B and C are diagnosed by only a few morphological traits (see below) and we chose to recognise them as subgenera of a largely polymorphic genus instead of treating them as two separate genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Macropsychanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Macropsychanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Macropsychanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a pantropical genus with 46 species. It is most diverse in the New World (36 species), with eleven species from the Philippines and Indonesia to New Guinea and two Pantropical sea-drifted species extending to continental Africa and Madagascar.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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