290 lines
31 KiB
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290 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1685B4934B64BFA196D35FC6C042912F">A molecular phylogeny of Calenduleae (Asteraceae) supports the transfer of Dimorphotheca polyptera DC. to Osteospermum L.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B5CA7F19D6CAC8BAA9130A602AB0D3E">Verboom, George Anthony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="10D45560E3B6E2A799C37401E836F355">Ellis, Allan G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C8B9C430A90292C3322C74C166B893A">Bergh, Nicola G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A44A5DCA59B38A5953AABBB1337BB6A7">South African Journal of Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0AA4281A3FB3E815BEF9C959A6743735">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="45CF9A27BE0816F08082D68E0B5971FA">2022-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3416D54F22E7A7D7C4F9F1A8AF90716F">151</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="42D23655A03BDA5D876F4486010EF739" type="DOI">10.1016/j.sajb.2022.09.001</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B91BC43F5710E363FF921349FF6D36F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B91BC43F5710E363FF921349FF6D36F7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B91BC43F5710E363FF921349FF6D36F7" lastPageNumber="244" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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<subSubSection id="79A826A25710E363FF921349FE8F300D" box="[100,284,296,316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="310D75295710E363FF921349FE8F300D" blockId="10.[100,284,296,316]" box="[100,284,296,316]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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<heading id="6A45C2455710E363FF921349FE8F300D" box="[100,284,296,316]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF921349FE8F300D" box="[100,284,296,316]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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4.3.
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF671349FE8F300D" ID-CoL="63GQQ" authority="L." box="[145,284,296,316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Osteospermum</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="79A826A25710E363FF721300FF6D36F7" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="310D75295710E363FF721300FD7F3485" blockId="10.[100,770,353,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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Our phylogeny is consistent with the enlarged circumscription of
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF74131DFD0D30A1" authority="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt, 2012)" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[130,670,380,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF74131DFE8330A1" box="[130,272,380,400]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
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sensu (
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<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FE92131CFD0430A1" author="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P." box="[356,663,381,400]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" refId="ref11473" refString="Manning, J. C., Goldblatt, P., 2012. Plants of the greater cape floristic region 1: the core cape flora. Strelitzia 29, SANBI, Pretoria." type="book" year="2012">Manning and Goldblatt, 2012</bibRefCitation>
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)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, since all sampled members of
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEBB13F9FD6E309D" box="[333,765,408,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEBB13F9FE4E309D" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[333,477,408,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Osteospermum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE1A13F9FD0E309D" box="[492,669,408,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chrysanthemoides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chrysanthemoides</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD5B13F9FD6E309D" box="[685,765,408,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tripteris</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and other subsequently segregated genera fall into clade C. We also demonstrate the monophyly of
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE2C13B1FC9130D5" box="[474,770,464,484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Calendula">
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE2C13B1FC9130D5" box="[474,770,464,484]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum sect. Calendula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a sample of ca. two-thirds of the species, confirming that it is embedded within clade C where it shares a common ancestor with several
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEB01042FDB73306" box="[326,548,547,567]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEB01042FE473306" box="[326,468,547,567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
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||
species
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</taxonomicName>
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(node H). This placement of the former genus
|
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE72105EFE703362" box="[388,483,575,595]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE72105EFE703362" box="[388,483,575,595]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Calendula</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was first demonstrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FF92103DFEAA335E" author="Nordenstam, B." box="[100,313,604,623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" pagination="365 - 376" refId="ref11629" refString="Nordenstam, B., 1994 a. Tribe Calenduleae. In: Bremer, K. (Ed.), Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, pp. 365 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1994">Nordenstam (1994a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and later confirmed using DNA sequence data from both plastid (Nordenstam et al., 2006) and nuclear partitions (Nordenstam and K allersj € € o, 2009). The names
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD5510F2FC913396" box="[675,770,659,679]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD5510F2FC913396" box="[675,770,659,679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Calendula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF6D10CEFEBA33F2" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[155,297,687,707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF6D10CEFEBA33F2" box="[155,297,687,707]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
were published simultaneously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FD5310D1FF0533EE" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="10" pageNumber="244" refId="ref11453" refString="Linnaeus, C., 1753. Species Plantarum, 2. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae (Stockholm)." type="book" year="1753">Linnaeus, 1753</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and thus compete for priority. Understandably, Nordenstam and colleagues were reluctant to lose the name
|
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<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD971086FD5333CA" box="[609,704,743,763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD971086FD5333CA" box="[609,704,743,763]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Calendula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, since members of the genus, particularly
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<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE271162FDC23226" box="[465,593,771,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
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C. of
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||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE0A1165FD9B3226" bold="true" box="[508,520,772,791]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">fi</emphasis>
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cionalis
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, have a long and ongoing history of medical, culinary, pharmacological, cosmetic and religious uses in the Northern Hemisphere (e.g. https://en. wikipedia.org/wiki/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FED31136FE1A325B" box="[293,393,855,874]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calendula</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They were equally reluctant to lose the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF0C1113FE1B32B7" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[250,392,882,902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF0C1113FE1B32B7" box="[250,392,882,902]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since synonymising this large genus would result in many new combinations. Instead,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FD7111EEFF39328F" author="Nordenstam, B." pageId="10" pageNumber="244" pagination="365 - 376" refId="ref11629" refString="Nordenstam, B., 1994 a. Tribe Calenduleae. In: Bremer, K. (Ed.), Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, pp. 365 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1994">Nordenstam (1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FF5811CAFF69328F" author="Nordenstam, B." box="[174,250,939,958]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" pagination="591 - 596" refId="ref11692" refString="Nordenstam, B., 1996. Recent revision of Senecioneae and Calenduleae systematics. in Hind, D. J. N., Beentje, H. H. (Eds.) Compositae Systematics, Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference, Kew, 1994. Kew. Royal Botanic Gardens, pp. 591 - 596." type="book chapter" year="1996">b, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2006), Nordenstam et al. (2006), and Nordenstam and K€ allersj€ o (2009) attempted to maintain the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF921183FF6132C7" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[100,242,994,1014]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF921183FF6132C7" box="[100,242,994,1014]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by dividing it into numerous smaller, monophyletic genera. The largest of these was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FDED119CFF3A351F" authority="(Nordenstam, 1994 a)" baseAuthorityName="Nordenstam" baseAuthorityYear="1994" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FDED119CFDF83520" box="[539,619,1021,1041]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Tripteris</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FD74119EFF32351F" author="Nordenstam, B." pageId="10" pageNumber="244" pagination="365 - 376" refId="ref11629" refString="Nordenstam, B., 1994 a. Tribe Calenduleae. In: Bremer, K. (Ed.), Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, pp. 365 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1994">Nordenstam, 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as indicated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="A98969AC5710E363FE62167BFE5D351F" box="[404,462,1050,1070]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[100,125,1716,1730]" captionTargetBox="[256,1331,148,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-97@7.[256,1331,148,1686]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Bayesian consensus tree, as in Fig.3, but with all nodes collapsed except those with BS Ż 75% and/or PP Ż 0.9. Type species are marked with an asterisk in front of the species name. Characters were obtained from taxonomic literature cited in the text.Floral, life-history, fruit and leaf characters for Osteospermum sect.Calendula were obtained from Meikle (1976). Disc style characters were obtained from Norlindh (1943). Seed oil characters were obtained from Smith et al. (1960), Earle et al. (1962), Barclay and Earle (1965), and (Chisholm and Hopkins, 1967). Letters in parentheses after species names indicate taxonomic placement: C — Osteospermum sect. Calendula; Ca — former Castalis; D — Dimorphotheca sensu stricto; H — O. sect. Homocarpae; M — former Monoculus; O — O. sect. Coriaceae; OsB — O. sect.Blaxium; P — O. sect. Polygalinae; R — O. sect. Trialatae; T — O. subgenus. Tripteris (former Tripteris)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10496962" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10496962/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
, the fruit
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE09CB8B5710E363FDB0167AFDE1351F" box="[582,626,1051,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
|
||
defining this genus has arisen at least twice, and possibly three times, even though we included only four of the ca. 20 species. This non-monophyly may have underpinned (Nordenstam’ s, 2006) subsequent segregation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEB716E8FE0235AC" baseAuthorityName="Nordenstam" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[321,401,1161,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEB716E8FE0235AC" box="[321,401,1161,1181]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Tripteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into the smaller genera
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD6316E8FF593588" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD6316E8FD6D35AC" box="[661,766,1161,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Monoculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Monoculus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF9216C4FF593588" box="[100,202,1189,1209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Norlindhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Norlindhia</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEF216C4FEC93588" box="[260,346,1189,1209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Inuloides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEF216C4FEC93588" box="[260,346,1189,1209]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Inuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of these four genera, we have representatives of only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF0916A0FEDC35E4" baseAuthorityName="Nordenstam" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[255,335,1217,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF0916A0FEDC35E4" box="[255,335,1217,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Tripteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE7316A0FE7E35E4" box="[389,493,1217,1237]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Monoculus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE7316A0FE7E35E4" box="[389,493,1217,1237]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Monoculus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in our tree. The molecular phylogeny presented by Nordenstam and K€ allersj€ o (2009) resolved representatives of genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE241698FDB7343C" box="[466,548,1273,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Gibbaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE241698FDB7343C" box="[466,548,1273,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Gibbaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD5D1698FC92343C" box="[683,769,1273,1293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Inuloides" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD5D1698FC92343C" box="[683,769,1273,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Inuloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF131775FECD3419" box="[229,350,1300,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Nephrotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF131775FECD3419" box="[229,350,1300,1320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Nephrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1 species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE1D1775FDC23419" box="[491,593,1300,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Norlindhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE1D1775FDC23419" box="[491,593,1300,1320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Norlindhia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3 species), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF921751FF463475" box="[100,213,1328,1348]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oligocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF921751FF463475" box="[100,213,1328,1348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Oligocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2 species), with high support inside a clade that corresponds to our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEE0172DFDB93451" box="[278,554,1356,1376]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="amplo">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEE0172DFDB93451" box="[278,554,1356,1376]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum sensu amplo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. However, we were unable to obtain material or sequences of species from these genera, and clearly, the phylogenetic relationships of many more species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEFF17C1FD843485" box="[265,535,1440,1460]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="amplo">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEFF17C1FD843485" box="[265,535,1440,1460]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum sensu amplo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
need to be resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="310D75295710E363FF7217DCFE0B3749" blockId="10.[100,770,353,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
In addition to species from the former genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FDCF17DDFD1534E1" baseAuthorityName="Nordenstam" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[569,646,1468,1488]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tripteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FDCF17DDFD1534E1" box="[569,646,1468,1488]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Tripteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, many other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF9217B9FEA834DD" box="[100,315,1496,1516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF9217B9FF7C34DD" box="[100,239,1496,1516]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have fruits in which the angles are developed to a lesser or greater extent into wings, although they lack the air cavity. These species were placed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FE461470FDDD3715" author="Norlindh, T." box="[432,590,1553,1572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" refId="ref11896" refString="Norlindh, T., 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae I. Monograph of the Genera Dimorphotheca, Castalis, Osteospermum, Gibbaria and Chrysanthemoides. C. W. K. Gleerup, Lund." type="book" year="1943">Norlindh (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in sections
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD321471FF12370E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Trialatae</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF44144AFE97370E" box="[178,260,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Spinosae</emphasis>
|
||
of subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE73144AFD83370E" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[389,528,1579,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE73144AFD83370E" box="[389,528,1579,1599]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter unfortunately with no representatives in our tree, since it contains the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE09CB8B5710E363FD7D1428FD25376D" box="[651,694,1609,1628]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF8A1402FE113746" box="[124,386,1635,1655]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF8A1402FE9B3746" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[124,264,1635,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Osteospermum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FEE71402FE113746" box="[273,386,1635,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosum">O. spinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
L.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="310D75295710E363FF7214E1FF6D36F7" blockId="10.[100,770,353,1990]" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
Greater sampling, of both taxa and of genetic partitions, will be required to properly elucidate relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FD8114FAFF4E37FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="amplo">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FD8114FAFF4E37FA" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum sensu amplo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, phylogenetic evidence from this and from past studies indicates that the circumscription within, and relationship amongst, the clades defining
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE39148EFD5E3632" box="[463,717,1775,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE39148EFDBF3632" box="[463,556,1775,1795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Garuleum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Garuleum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FDCB148EFD5E3632" baseAuthorityName="Manning and Goldblatt" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[573,717,1775,1795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dimorphotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dimorphotheca</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF92156AFE1F362E" box="[100,396,1803,1823]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Calendula">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF92156AFF7C362E" box="[100,239,1803,1823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FEC6156AFE1F362E" box="[304,396,1803,1823]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Calendula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are unlikely to change with future phylogenetic discoveries. Also, since the publication of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="552308D85710E363FD761546FE953666" author="Manning, J. C. & Goldblatt, P." pageId="10" pageNumber="244" refId="ref11473" refString="Manning, J. C., Goldblatt, P., 2012. Plants of the greater cape floristic region 1: the core cape flora. Strelitzia 29, SANBI, Pretoria." type="book" year="2012">Manning and Goldblatt (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resulted in the prioritisation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FDB21523FD5C3667" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[580,719,1858,1878]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FDB21523FD5C3667" box="[580,719,1858,1878]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
over
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FF92153FFF533643" box="[100,192,1886,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Calendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FF92153FFF533643" box="[100,192,1886,1906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Calendula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Turland et. al. 2018, Art. 11.5), and since all phylogenetic evidence to date indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FE6D151BFD3036BF" box="[411,675,1914,1934]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="sensu" subSpecies="amplo">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FE6D151BFD3036BF" box="[411,675,1914,1934]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum sensu amplo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is monophyletic, the enlarged circumscription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6B20EAA5710E363FDF715F7FD1F369B" authorityName="sensu (Manning and Goldblatt" authorityYear="2012" box="[513,652,1942,1962]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Osteospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="10" pageNumber="244" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03C6A93B5710E363FDF715F7FD1F369B" box="[513,652,1942,1962]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="244">Osteospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is likely be the most stable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |