438 lines
39 KiB
XML
438 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43d18445-d3e8-4e30-bdcd-7f82bde7616a" ID-PMC="PMC6687670" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-868-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="679C0640C93B545BAD44B1013B0B12E5" ID-PubMed="31406482" ID-ZooBank="ED7FD98F964D402FAB705FC9B4CA4851" ModsDocID="1313-2970-868-1" checkinTime="1564724838606" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Paez, Nadia B. & Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2019" docId="4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 868: 1-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 868" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766" docTitle="Pristimantis torresi Paez & Ron, 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1E92D590-2072-4530-88C6-2019A0A6D8F9" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFB7FFF73E69FFFBFFD8FF95FFBEB241" masterDocTitle="Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668167659737" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Systematics of Huicundomantis, a new subgenus of Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) with extraordinary cryptic diversity and eleven new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Paez, Nadia B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>868</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.868.26766</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-868-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">ED7FD98F964D402FAB705FC9B4CA4851</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">679C0640C93B545BAD44B1013B0B12E5</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159293056" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1E92D590-2072-4530-88C6-2019A0A6D8F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FFD270148D35548960B3C83B72FEC13" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4ffd2701-48d3-5548-960b-3c83b72fec13" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">Pristimantis torresi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common name">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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English:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Torres’">Torres'</normalizedToken>
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Rain Frog. Spanish:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cutín">Cutin</normalizedToken>
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de Torres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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QCAZ 47342, adult female from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guanchanamá">Guanchanama</normalizedToken>
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, military antennas, Loja Province, Ecuador (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0511" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0511">4.0511S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8693" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8693">79.8693W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2729 m), collected by Elicio E. Tapia and Margarita Baquero on February 21, 2010.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Holotypes of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov. and P. torresi sp. nov. Photographs of preserved holotypes of A P. teslai (QCAZ 46213, male) and B P. torresi (QCAZ 47342, female). Dorsal view on the left, ventral view on the right. Specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28B</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratypes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(46: 16 males, 6 females, 24 juveniles).</emphasis>
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Ecuador: Loja Province: QCAZ 47343, QCAZ 47354, adult females, QCAZ 47344, adult male, QCAZ 47340-341, QCAZ 47345-351, juveniles, collected with the holotype; QCAZ 47397, QCAZ 47405, QCAZ 47409, QCAZ 47414, QCAZ 47416-418, QCAZ 47503, adult males, from Celica-Alamor road (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0990" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.099">4.0990S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.9799" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.9799">79.9799W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2101 m), collected by Elicio E. Tapia and Freddy
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Velásquez">Velasquez</normalizedToken>
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on February 27, 2010; QCAZ 64524, adult male, QCAZ 64525, QCAZ 64527-529, QCAZ 64555, juveniles, from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guanchanamá">Guanchanama</normalizedToken>
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, military antennas (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0511" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0511">4.0511S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8693" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8693">79.8693W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2729 m), collected by Nadia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
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, Fernando Ayala, Pablo Sandoval and Ricardo Gavilanes in August 2016; QCAZ 64533, QCAZ 64538, juveniles, from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Celica-Guachanamá">Celica-Guachanama</normalizedToken>
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road (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0907" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0907">4.0907S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.9509" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.9509">79.9509W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2348 m), collected by Nadia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
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, Fernando Ayala, Pablo Sandoval and Ricardo Gavilanes in August 2016; QCAZ 64544, juvenile from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guachanamá-La">Guachanama-La</normalizedToken>
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Tolera road (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0321" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0321">4.0321S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8836" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8836">79.8836W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2736 m), collected by Nadia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
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, Fernando Ayala, Pablo Sandoval and Ricardo Gavilanes in August 2016; QCAZ 64549, adult male, QCAZ 64551, QCAZ 64556, juveniles, from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Celica–Alamor">Celica-Alamor</normalizedToken>
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road (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0974" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0974">4.0974S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.9796" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.9796">79.9796W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2117 m), collected by Nadia
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Páez">Paez</normalizedToken>
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, Fernando Ayala, Pablo Sandoval and Ricardo Gavilanes in August 2016. Nearby
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guachanamá">Guachanama</normalizedToken>
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, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, Eloy Nusirquia, Santiago
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamán">Guaman</normalizedToken>
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and Guadalupe Calle in November 2016: QCAZ 65762, adult male, (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0441" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0441">4.0441S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8814" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8814">79.8814W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2664 m); QCAZ 65766-767, adult females (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0410" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.041">4.0410S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8827" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8827">79.8827W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2770); QCAZ 65769, adult male (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0408" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0408">4.0408S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8829" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8829">79.8829W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2787 m); QCAZ 65771, adult male (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0431" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0431">4.0431S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8817" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8817">79.8817W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2738 m); QCAZ 65774, QCAZ 65776, adult males (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0441" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0441">4.0441S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8814" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8814">79.8814W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2646 m). Nearby La Tolera, collected by Diego Almeida, Darwin
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, Eloy Nusirquia, Santiago
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamán">Guaman</normalizedToken>
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and Guadalupe Calle in November 2016: QCAZ 65779, adult female (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0317" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0317">4.0317S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8824" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8824">79.8824W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2737 m); QCAZ 65782, adult female, QCAZ 65780, juvenile (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0326" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0326">4.0326S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8836" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8836">79.8836W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2752 m); QCAZ 65783-786, juveniles (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="4.0395" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-4.0395">4.0395S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="79.8848" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-79.8848">79.8848W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2833 m).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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A member of the
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis phoxocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis phoxocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen; thin middorsal fold; head with a middorsal small tubercle or row of tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks with longitudinal lateral folds on anterior half; skin on venter areolate to weakly areolate; discoidal fold present or absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus prominent, its upper and posterior margin concealed by supratympanic fold; (3) snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; (4) upper eyelid with a small and rounded tubercle, surrounded by several lower tubercles; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately to broadly separated, posteromedial to choanae; (6) vocals slits, vocal sac and nuptial pads present; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits broadly expanded, elliptical to truncate; (8) fingers with lateral fringes; (9) ulnar tubercles ill-defined; (10) heel bearing a small, rounded tubercle surrounded or not by smaller tubercles; outer and inner tarsal tubercles absent or ill-defined; inner tarsal fold present; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, rounded, elevated, six times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary tubercles numerous; (12) toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; Toe V longer or much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV; disc on Toe V reaches the middle or exceeds distal edge of distal tubercle on Toe IV); toe discs as large or slightly smaller than those on fingers (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Palmar and plantar surfaces of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov., Pristimantis torresi sp. nov., Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov., and Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov. Photographs of hand and foot of the holotypes of the following species: A Pristimantis teslai sp. nov.: QCAZ 46213, male B Pristimantis torresi sp. nov.: QCAZ 47342, female C Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov.: QCAZ 25105, male D Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov.: QCAZ 46982, male. All specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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); (13) in life, dorsum cream, brown or orangey brown; head bearing a dark supratympanic stripe and interorbital band or stripe; coloration of groins and concealed surfaces of thighs have sexual dimorphism: in females (and juveniles), ground color varies from light purplish brown to medium brown with or without minute cream flecks on; males have the same ground color with yellow, cream or orangey-yellow small to big spots; venter white to dusty cream; iris golden to beige with black reticulations and a red or reddish brown medial streak (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Color variation in live individuals of Pristimantis torresi sp. nov. A QCAZ 64524 (male, SVL 26.7 mm) B QCAZ 65767 (female, SVL 35.8 mm) C QCAZ 65771 (male, SVL 28.7 mm) D QCAZ 65779 (male, SVL 26.4 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322423" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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); (14) average SVL in adult females: 34.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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3.7 mm (30.1-39.5 mm;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
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= 5); in adult males: 25.9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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2.1 mm (23.3-30.0 mm;
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
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= 18).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322423" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 31. Color variation in live individuals of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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QCAZ 64524 (male, SVL 26.7 mm)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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QCAZ 65767 (female, SVL 35.8 mm)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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QCAZ 65771 (male, SVL 28.7 mm)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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QCAZ 65779 (male, SVL 26.4 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comparison with other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. atillo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="atillo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. atillo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimenezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jimenezi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. jimenezi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. teslai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teslai">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. teslai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. totoroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="totoroi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. totoroi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. verrucolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucolatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. verrucolatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., which also have an acuminate snout with a fleshy keel.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis atillo" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atillo">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis atillo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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usually has orange groins and black dots on the flanks, instead,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
has brown groins with or without yellow spots, and its flanks lack black dots. The most similar species to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimenezi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jimenezi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. jimenezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose iris varies from copper to red (golden to beige with a red medial streak in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a golden to beige iris (copper in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), brown groins with or without light brown to yellow spots (yellow with black reticulations in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and a wider head relative to its body (males
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= -2.56285,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0104, HW/SVL = 33.4-34.4% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 34.2-37.8% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; females
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= -2.08893,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0367, HW/SVL = 33.1-37.3% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. phoxocephalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="phoxocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. phoxocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 36.7-38.5% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easy to distinguish from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. teslai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teslai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. teslai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having shagreen dorsal skin, lateral folds, and golden to beige iris with a red to reddish-brown medial streak (tuberculate dorsal skin, lateral folds absent and copper iris in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. teslai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="teslai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. teslai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis totoroi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="totoroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis totoroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has more prominent tubercles and folds than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and its head is longer (males
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= 3.84623,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0001, HL/HW = 95.1-102.3% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 99.7-104% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. totoroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="totoroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. totoroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov; females
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Z</emphasis>
|
||
= -2.76079,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">p</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.0058, HL/HW = 90.6-94.7% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 95.6-103.2% in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. totoroi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="totoroi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. totoroi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov), relative to head width.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis verrucolatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verrucolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis verrucolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in lacking large tubercles and warts on the flanks (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. verrucolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. verrucolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and having a golden to beige iris (coppery brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. verrucolatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="verrucolatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. verrucolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Adult female (QCAZ 47342, SC32171). Measurements (in mm): SVL 35.8; TL 17.5; FL 16.4; HL 12.4; HW 13.2; ED 3.7; TD 1.8; IOD 3.8; EW 3.1; IND 2.8; EN 3.5; TED 0.8. Head wider than long, narrower than body; snout moderately long, acuminate with a fleshy keel in dorsal view, protruding in profile; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed anterolaterally; canthus rostralis distinct, curved in dorsal view, rounded in cross-section; loreal region concave; upper eyelid bearing a small rounded tubercle surrounded by several lower tubercles; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus distinct, its upper and posterior margin covered by supratympanic fold; one enlarged subconical postrictal tubercle surrounded by several smaller tubercles. Choanae median, semicircular, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers prominent, oblique, moderately separated, posteromedial to choanae; each vomer bearing several indistinct teeth; tongue as wide as long, posteriorly notched, free on posterior half of its length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Skin on dorsum shagreen; faint middorsal fold; head with a middorsal row of two small tubercles; dorsolateral folds absent; flanks areolate, with thin lateral folds on anterior half; skin on belly and chest areolate, skin on throat, chest and ventral surfaces of limbs smooth; discoidal fold present. Ulnar tubercles present, indistinct; palmar tubercles prominent, outer palmar tubercle bifid, almost twice size of ovoid thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; supernumerary tubercles at base of fingers distinct; fingers with broad lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs broadly expanded and rounded; pads on fingers surrounded by circumferential grooves on all fingers (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Palmar and plantar surfaces of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov., Pristimantis torresi sp. nov., Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov., and Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov. Photographs of hand and foot of the holotypes of the following species: A Pristimantis teslai sp. nov.: QCAZ 46213, male B Pristimantis torresi sp. nov.: QCAZ 47342, female C Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov.: QCAZ 25105, male D Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov.: QCAZ 46982, male. All specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Hindlimbs slender; dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs smooth; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth, ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel bearing a low rounded tubercle surrounded by some smaller tubercles; outer tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold extend to half of length of tarsus; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, rounded, elevated, six times the size of rounded, ill-defined outer metatarsal tubercle; plantar surface with supernumerary tubercles, those on the base of toes low but distinct; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded; toes with broad lateral fringes; basal webbing present; discs nearly as large as those on fingers, elliptical; all toes having pads surrounded by circumferential grooves; relative lengths of toes: I <II <III <V <IV; Toe V much longer than Toe III (disc on Toe III reaches the middle of the penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV, disc on Toe V exceeds distal edge of distal subarticular tubercle on Toe IV;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Palmar and plantar surfaces of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov., Pristimantis torresi sp. nov., Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov., and Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov. Photographs of hand and foot of the holotypes of the following species: A Pristimantis teslai sp. nov.: QCAZ 46213, male B Pristimantis torresi sp. nov.: QCAZ 47342, female C Pristimantis totoroi sp. nov.: QCAZ 25105, male D Pristimantis verrucolatus sp. nov.: QCAZ 46982, male. All specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coloration of the holotype in preservative is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Holotypes of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov. and P. torresi sp. nov. Photographs of preserved holotypes of A P. teslai (QCAZ 46213, male) and B P. torresi (QCAZ 47342, female). Dorsal view on the left, ventral view on the right. Specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28B</figureCitation>
|
||
; coloration in life is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration of holotype in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal surface of body light gray; head with cream interorbital band outlined with black, dark brown supratympanic stripes, and faint gray labial bars; limbs with transversal bands slightly darker than background; dorsolateral surfaces with oblique reticulations extending to the flanks, slightly darker than background; groins and concealed surfaces of thighs gray with small cream spots; ventral surfaces of body white, venter with faint gray flecks and midventral longitudinal line; plants and palms dusty cream (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Holotypes of Pristimantis teslai sp. nov. and P. torresi sp. nov. Photographs of preserved holotypes of A P. teslai (QCAZ 46213, male) and B P. torresi (QCAZ 47342, female). Dorsal view on the left, ventral view on the right. Specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322420" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 28B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coloration of holotype in life</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Based on the 47 preserved specimens of the type series and photographs for 24 individuals. Variation in living and preserved individuals is shown in
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Color variation in live individuals of Pristimantis torresi sp. nov. A QCAZ 64524 (male, SVL 26.7 mm) B QCAZ 65767 (female, SVL 35.8 mm) C QCAZ 65771 (male, SVL 28.7 mm) D QCAZ 65779 (male, SVL 26.4 mm). Dorsolateral view on the left, ventral view on the right." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure31" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322423" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 31</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Color variation in preserved individuals of Pristimantis torresi sp. nov. A Dorsal view of (from left to right): QCAZ 65767 (female), QCAZ 65762 (male), QCAZ 65769 (male), QCAZ 64524 (male) B Dorsal view of: QCAZ 64549 (male), QCAZ 65782 (male), QCAZ 47397 (male), QCAZ 47416 (male) C Ventral view of specimens in (A) D Ventral view of specimens in B. See Suppl. material 2 for locality data. All specimens are shown at the same scale." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322424" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">32</figureCitation>
|
||
. Coloration in life is given in parenthesis. Dorsum coloration varies between cream, light gray and brown (cream, brown or orangey-brown). Some individuals present dark brown reticulations, chevrons, flecks, a middorsal band, an hourglass-shaped band or a thin white middorsal stripe on dorsum. Head always bears brown supratympanic stripes and interorbital stripes or bands; sometimes, it bears brown canthal stripes or labial bars. Limbs present faint or well-defined transversal bands. Flanks may have diagonal bars. Coloration of groins and concealed surfaces of hindlimbs has sexual dimorphism: both sexes have cream, gray or brown backgrounds (light purplish brown to medium brown); females have none or little pale (cream) flecks; males have small or big pale (yellow, cream or orangey yellow) spots, usually more conspicuous in larger males. Venter varies from white to dusty cream, usually with gray or light brown markings and a midline (in males, throat cream, light or bright yellow). Iris is golden to beige with black reticulations and a red or reddish-brown medial streak; sclera varies from cream to light blue. Coloration in life of each individual may change; the ground color of the hidden surfaces of thighs and other markings as the supratympanic stripe can vary from light purplish brown to medium brown in the same individual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322424" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 32. Color variation in preserved individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis torresi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pristimantis torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of (from left to right): QCAZ 65767 (female), QCAZ 65762 (male), QCAZ 65769 (male), QCAZ 64524 (male)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of: QCAZ 64549 (male), QCAZ 65782 (male), QCAZ 47397 (male), QCAZ 47416 (male)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of specimens in (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of specimens in B. See Suppl. material 2 for locality data. All specimens are shown at the same scale.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution, natural history, and conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is known from the surroundings of Celica,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guachanamá">Guachanama</normalizedToken>
|
||
and La Tolera, towns in the western Andean slopes of Loja Province in Ecuador (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Distribution of Pristimantis, subgenus Huicundomantis. Records are based on specimens deposited at the Museum of Zoology, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador (QCAZ). Candidate species numbers correspond to those of the text and Figure 3. Locality information is shown in Suppl. material 2. Abbreviations: CCS = confirmed candidate species, UCS = unconfirmed candidate species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.868.26766.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/322394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits Inter-Andean Shrub region between 2101 and 2833 m a.s.l. Most individuals were found at night inside terrestrial or arboreal bromeliads up to 3 m above the ground, inside patches of native vegetation, or on low vegetation up to 60 cm above ground. During the day they were only found inside bromeliads. Calling males have been found on low vegetation, 30 cm above the ground in February.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
We propose assigning
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. torresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="torresi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. torresi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Critically Endangered Red List category following the B1ab(iii) IUCN criteria. Available records come from two localities (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hutter, CR" journalOrPublisher="Neotropical Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B28" refString="2017. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2017">IUCN 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) whose habitat is being degraded by human settlements, cattle raising and agriculture; the Extent of Occurrence of the species <100 km2 (21 km2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case and is a patronym for Omar Torres-Carvajal, curator of reptiles of Museo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zoología">Zoologia</normalizedToken>
|
||
at Pontificia Universidad
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Católica">Catolica</normalizedToken>
|
||
del Ecuador. The species name is in recognition of his significant contributions to herpetological research in Ecuador and the development of collections at the QCAZ museum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |