527 lines
76 KiB
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527 lines
76 KiB
XML
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<treatment id="03EC879FFF9AFFC9AB77AEDFFDDA1624" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909475" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209589402" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7909475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879FFF9AFFC9AB77AEDFFDDA1624" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879FFF9AFFC9AB77AEDFFDDA1624" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5AB77AEDFFBD515ED" authority="Huertas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Huertas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[888,1150,1444,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="genus novum" subFamily="Satyrinae" subTribe="Euptychiina" tribe="Satyrini">
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AB77AEDFFC6915ED" bold="true" box="[888,962,1444,1464]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saurona</emphasis>
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Huertas & Willmott
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AC89AEDFFAA115ED" bold="true" box="[1158,1290,1444,1464]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">genus novum.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF9AFFE5AB77AE92FC0F15A8" box="[888,932,1513,1533]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5ABE4AE91FB3115A8" box="[1003,1178,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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—
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<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5ABF4AE92FC0D1675" authority="Aurivillius, 1929" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aurigera" variety="triangula">
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Euptychia aurigera var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5ACC4AE92FABF15A8" box="[1227,1300,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">triangula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9AFFE5AD13AE92FC0D1675" author="Aurivillius" firstAuthor="Aurivillius" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="153 - 168" part="50" refId="ref34251" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1929) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 153 - 168." title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera" type="journal article" year="1929">Aurivillius, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, by present designation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF9AFFE5AB77AD2AFAEC16DD" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF9AFFE5AB77AD2AFAEC16DD" blockId="21.[888,1396,1617,1672]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AB77AD2AFB991630" bold="true" box="[888,1074,1617,1637]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Zoobank registration</emphasis>
|
||
: https://zoobank.org/Nomenclatural Acts/25189D52-EE44-4A98-A286-08403155CA6D
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF9AFFE6AB55ADC2FACF144D" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF9AFFE6AB55ADC2FACF144D" blockId="21.[818,1466,1721,1949]" lastBlockId="22.[818,1468,993,1949]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AB55ADC2FB1B1698" bold="true" box="[858,1200,1721,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Systematic placement and diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5ACB4ADC2FAAF1698" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1211,1284,1721,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5ACB4ADC2FAAF1698" box="[1211,1284,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AD05ADC2FAE81698" bold="true" box="[1290,1347,1721,1741]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
is a member of the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5AB7AADA7FC5716A5" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[885,1020,1756,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hermeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AB7AADA7FC5716A5" box="[885,1020,1756,1776]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hermeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’, in which its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF9AFFE5ACBFADA7FB7216A5" box="[1200,1241,1756,1776]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5AD23ADA7FC581746" authority="Aurivillius, 1929" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AD23ADA7FCFC1746" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Euptychia triangula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9AFFE5AB52AD84FC581746" author="Aurivillius" box="[861,1011,1791,1811]" firstAuthor="Aurivillius" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="153 - 168" part="50" refId="ref34251" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1929) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 153 - 168." title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera" type="journal article" year="1929">Aurivillius, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is strongly supported as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5AD3CAD84FA111746" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[1331,1466,1791,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hermeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AD3CAD84FA111746" box="[1331,1466,1791,1811]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hermeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(SH-aLRT = 98.8,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9AFFE5ABD4AC5AFBAF1760" box="[987,1028,1825,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">UFB</collectionCode>
|
||
= 99). Our results (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9AFFE5ACB3AC5AFAB81760" box="[1212,1299,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[122,218,1826,1845]" captionTargetBox="[163,1466,123,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5 Phylogeny of the Hermeuptychia clade and nearby genera based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909403/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figures 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9AFFE5AD11AC5AFA801760" box="[1310,1323,1825,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9AFFE5AD24AC5AFA9D1760" box="[1323,1334,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[122,218,1092,1111]" captionTargetBox="[155,1113,122,1050]" captionTargetId="graphics-415@6.[156,985,123,1051]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2 Phylogeny of Euptychia based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7968438/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF9AFFE5AD6AAC5AFAD81760" box="[1381,1395,1825,1845]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">S</collectionCode>
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF9AFFE5AD7CAC5AFAD41760" box="[1395,1407,1825,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[122,218,1308,1327]" captionTargetBox="[210,1466,123,1266]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3 Phylogeny of the Cyllopsis clade based on the FULL dataset. Interpretation of support values can be found in the legend. The scale bars under the butterfly images equal 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909399/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF9AFFE5AB88AC3FFBA6170D" author="Huertas" box="[903,1037,1860,1880]" firstAuthor="Huertas" journalOrPublisher="University College London" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref38505" refString="Huertas, B. (2014) Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4. In Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis). University College London." title="Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4" type="book" volumeTitle="Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis)" year="2014">Huertas, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and DNA barcodes (C. Fahraeus, unpublished data) support a sister relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF9AFFE5ACC4AC1CFAC2172E" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[1227,1385,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5ACC4AC1CFAC2172E" box="[1227,1385,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Saurona triangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF9AFFE5AD7FAC1DFA11172F" bold="true" box="[1392,1466,1894,1914]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
and the only other described species included here within this new genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A8CFA89AFEF013A0" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,347,993,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigera" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A8CFA89AFEF013A0" box="[192,347,993,1013]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Saurona aurigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A969A89AFE1A13A0" bold="true" box="[358,433,993,1013]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
These two species can be distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A940AF7FFE10144D" box="[335,443,1028,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows: (a) a patch of elongate, dark androconial hair-like scales is present along the distal edge of the DHW discal cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A917AF32FED71408" box="[280,380,1097,1117]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[122,218,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,124,795]" captionTargetId="figure-643@22.[153,1434,123,797]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14 Saurona triangula comb.n. (a) male wing venation—stippled area on FW shows dorsal androconial scales around vein M2 and ventral androconial scales around vein 2A, androconial hair-like scales at anterior edge discal cell are also indicated; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909429/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
); (b) the HW costa is expanded anteriorly, with concomitant shortening of the HW discal cell and basal migration of the ends of veins Rs and Sc + R1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A9EAAFF4FDE714F6" box="[485,588,1167,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[122,218,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,124,795]" captionTargetId="figure-643@22.[153,1434,123,797]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14 Saurona triangula comb.n. (a) male wing venation—stippled area on FW shows dorsal androconial scales around vein M2 and ventral androconial scales around vein 2A, androconial hair-like scales at anterior edge discal cell are also indicated; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909429/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
); (c) the VFW anal margin where it overlaps with the DHW androconial scales has an elongate patch of pale, sparse, needle-like scales along the basal part of vein 2A, surrounded by shiny white scales; (d) the DFW has an elongate androconial patch of shiny silver greyish scales along the basal half of vein M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF99FFE6A920AE3EFE931507" attach="left" box="[303,312,1349,1362]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A94CAE47FE0C1505" box="[323,423,1340,1360]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[122,218,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,124,795]" captionTargetId="figure-643@22.[153,1434,123,797]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14 Saurona triangula comb.n. (a) male wing venation—stippled area on FW shows dorsal androconial scales around vein M2 and ventral androconial scales around vein 2A, androconial hair-like scales at anterior edge discal cell are also indicated; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909429/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 14a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral portion of the anal tube in the male genitalia is weakly sclerotized and covered with minute studs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A8B9AEFAFEB015C0" box="[182,283,1409,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[122,218,1445,1464]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,123,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-222@23.[154,1434,123,1404]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15 Saurona triangulacomb.n. A-F, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-31), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), ventral (d), aedeagus lateral (e) and dorsal (f); (g–j), female genitalia (dissection USNM loan 2090579), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (g), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (h), dorsal view interior abdomen (i), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (j).Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 15d</figureCitation>
|
||
), a distinctive character shared with the sister genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A875AEDFFEAA15ED" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[122,257,1444,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hermeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A875AEDFFEAA15ED" box="[122,257,1444,1464]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hermeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF99FFE6A93DAEDFFE7D15ED" author="Zacca" box="[306,470,1444,1464]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zacca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="555 - 570" part="5023" refId="ref44494" refString="Zacca, T., Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., Huertas, B., Freitas, A. V. L., Marn, M. A. et al. (2021) A new euptychiine butterfly species from South Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 5023, 555 - 570." title="A new euptychiine butterfly species from South Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Zacca et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the slender, upwardly curving brachia differ from the thicker, posterior/ventrally pointing brachia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A8D0AE92FECD15A8" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[223,358,1513,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hermeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A8D0AE92FECD15A8" box="[223,358,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Hermeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF99FFE6A994AE92FDC215A8" author="Cong & Grishin" box="[411,617,1513,1533]" firstAuthor="Cong" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="43 - 91" part="379" refId="ref35848" refString="Cong, Q. & Grishin, N. V. (2014) A new Hermeuptychia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) is sympatric and synchronic with H. sosybius in southeast US coastal plains, while another new Hermeuptychia species - not hermes - inhabits South Texas and Northeast Mexico. ZooKeys, 379, 43 - 91." title="A new Hermeuptychia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) is sympatric and synchronic with H. sosybius in southeast US coastal plains, while another new Hermeuptychia species - not hermes - inhabits South Texas and Northeast Mexico" type="journal article" year="2014">Cong & Grishin, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Nakahara, Tan, et al., 2016;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF99FFE6A8E2AD77FE3B1675" author="Zacca" box="[237,400,1548,1568]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zacca" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="555 - 570" part="5023" refId="ref44494" refString="Zacca, T., Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., Huertas, B., Freitas, A. V. L., Marn, M. A. et al. (2021) A new euptychiine butterfly species from South Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zootaxa, 5023, 555 - 570." title="A new euptychiine butterfly species from South Brazil and taxonomic rearrangements for Taydebis Freitas, 2013 and Hermeuptychia Forster, 1964 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Zacca et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6AA3DAD77FDD01675" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[562,635,1548,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AA3DAD77FDD01675" box="[562,635,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AA8FAD77FD121675" bold="true" box="[640,697,1548,1568]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
species also share a distinctive, dense covering of hair-like setae over the uncus. Finally, the configuration of the VHW postdiscal ocelli is almost unique within the subtribe, with the row of circular black ocelli with large central silvery pupils surrounded by orange scaling (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A870ADC2FF541698" box="[127,255,1721,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[122,218,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,124,795]" captionTargetId="figure-643@22.[153,1434,123,797]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14 Saurona triangula comb.n. (a) male wing venation—stippled area on FW shows dorsal androconial scales around vein M2 and ventral androconial scales around vein 2A, androconial hair-like scales at anterior edge discal cell are also indicated; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909429/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figure 14c,e</figureCitation>
|
||
), superficially similar only to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6AA43ADC2FEAC16A5" authority="Weymer, 1911" authorityName="Weymer" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ordinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AA43ADC2FCAA1698" box="[588,769,1721,1741]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euptychia ordinata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF99FFE6A875ADA7FEAC16A5" author="Weymer" box="[122,263,1756,1776]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart: A. Kernen" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="173 - 280" refId="ref43751" refString="Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1911">Weymer, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A937ADA7FDFE16A5" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[312,597,1756,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A937ADA7FE7C16A5" box="[312,471,1756,1776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Euptychia insignis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF99FFE6A9D0ADA7FDFE16A5" author="Butler" box="[479,597,1756,1776]" firstAuthor="Butler" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="104 - 110" part="1867" refId="ref35367" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 104 - 110." title="Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia" type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which are placed here in the ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A8E2AD84FEFC1746" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[237,343,1791,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Amphidecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A8E2AD84FEFC1746" box="[237,343,1791,1811]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphidecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade’). The simple VHW ocelli readily distinguish the two described species from several otherwise somewhat similar species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6A912AC3FFED1170D" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[285,378,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Argentaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A912AC3FFED1170D" box="[285,378,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Argentaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A98EAC3FFE11170D" bold="true" box="[385,442,1860,1880]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
The female genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6AA92AC3FFCAA170D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" baseAuthorityYear="2023" box="[669,769,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AA92AC3FFD03170D" box="[669,680,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AABCAC3FFCAA170D" box="[691,769,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">triangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A875AC1DFF6F172F" bold="true" box="[122,196,1894,1914]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6A8DEAC1CFEE3172E" box="[209,328,1895,1915]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[122,218,1445,1464]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,123,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-222@23.[154,1434,123,1404]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15 Saurona triangulacomb.n. A-F, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-31), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), ventral (d), aedeagus lateral (e) and dorsal (f); (g–j), female genitalia (dissection USNM loan 2090579), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (g), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (h), dorsal view interior abdomen (i), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (j).Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Figure
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B6CFF99FFE6A91BAC1CFE9C172E" box="[276,311,1895,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="g" value="15.0">15g</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6A938AC1CFEE8172F" box="[311,323,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
j
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) have several distinctive characters (described further below), but none that can be considered synapomorphies since they are not shared with a known undescribed species that should be placed in this genus (Huertas et al., in preparation).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF99FFE6AB55AF5DFB4614BD" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF99FFE6AB55AF5DFB4614BD" blockId="22.[818,1468,993,1949]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AB55AF5DFC15146F" bold="true" box="[858,958,1062,1082]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The generic name is based on that of the main antagonist, Sauron, in J. R. R. Tolkien
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AC51AF31FBC91408" box="[1118,1122,1098,1117]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">’</emphasis>
|
||
s novel ‘The Lord of the Rings’. The name alludes to the distinctive fused orange rings that encircle the VHW ocelli, and to avoid unhelpful changes to associated specific names as mandated by the ICZN (Article 31.2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF99FFE6ACE3AFCAFAB41490" box="[1260,1311,1201,1221]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1999), we treat it as a feminine noun in the nominative singular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF99FFE7AB55AF8DFBA216DD" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF99FFE7AB55AF8DFBA216DD" blockId="22.[818,1468,993,1949]" lastBlockId="23.[818,1466,1583,1949]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AB55AF8DFC6C155F" bold="true" box="[858,967,1270,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6ABDDAF8CFB98155E" box="[978,1075,1271,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="22.[122,218,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,124,795]" captionTargetId="figure-643@22.[153,1434,123,797]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 14 Saurona triangula comb.n. (a) male wing venation—stippled area on FW shows dorsal androconial scales around vein M2 and ventral androconial scales around vein 2A, androconial hair-like scales at anterior edge discal cell are also indicated; (b and c) male dorsal (b) and ventral (c); (d and e) female dorsal (d) and ventral (e). Scale bars 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909429" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909429/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Figures 14</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF99FFE6AC6EAF8CFBD2155E" box="[1121,1145,1271,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[122,218,1445,1464]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,123,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-222@23.[154,1434,123,1404]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15 Saurona triangulacomb.n. A-F, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-31), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), ventral (d), aedeagus lateral (e) and dorsal (f); (g–j), female genitalia (dissection USNM loan 2090579), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (g), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (h), dorsal view interior abdomen (i), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (j).Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909431/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some notable characters include: eyes naked; pterothoracic legs dorsally darker except tips of tarsomeres ringed with pale scales, tibia with two principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, pair of spurs of similar length at distal end of tibia, first tarsomere with three principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally, remaining tarsomeres with four principal longitudinal rows of spines ventrally. Small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF99FFE6AC03AEBCFBD3158E" box="[1036,1144,1479,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF99FFE6AC88AEBCFB02158E" box="[1159,1193,1479,1499]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FW</collectionCode>
|
||
length typically
|
||
<quantity id="4CBD9B6CFF99FFE6AD45AEBCFA19158E" box="[1354,1458,1479,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="17.0">
|
||
17
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF99FFE6AD6DAEBCFAC5158F" box="[1378,1390,1479,1498]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">–</emphasis>
|
||
19 mm
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
). FW and HW compact, HW skewed with costal margin extended anteriorly and distal tips of veins Rs and Sc + R1 shifted basally, and FW anal margin expanded posteriorly (in male). Male DFW with elongate androconial patch of shiny grey scales along the basal half of vein M
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF99FFE6AB49AD06FCE416DF" attach="left" box="[838,847,1661,1674]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">2</subScript>
|
||
; DHW with patch of elongate androconial hair-like scales at distal edge of discal cell, and associated androconial scales at overlapping anal margin of VFW, as described above. No strong sexual dimorphism in wing pattern: VFW lacking ocelli, VHW with five distinct postdiscal ocelli (and one indistinct, in cell
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF99FFE6ACCBAD84FB731746" box="[1220,1240,1791,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">M</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript id="17C134CCFF99FFE6ACD7AC7CFB4A1741" attach="left" box="[1240,1249,1799,1812]" fontSize="5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">1</subScript>
|
||
-Rs), all of similar form, circular, black, with large, single central silvery pupil in each, surrounded by orange scaling. Female with slightly more rounded wings than male but otherwise similar in pattern, except as noted above and in lacking the DHW, VFW and DFW androconial scales. Male eighth abdominal tergite reduced dorsally, leaving a sclerotized strip along anterior edge and broader band along ventral edge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF98FFE7AA58AD2AFD111630" box="[599,698,1617,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="23.[122,218,1445,1464]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,123,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-222@23.[154,1434,123,1404]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 15 Saurona triangulacomb.n. A-F, male genitalia (dissection KW-21-31), lateral tip abdomen (a), lateral (b) with posterior view juxta, dorsal (c), ventral (d), aedeagus lateral (e) and dorsal (f); (g–j), female genitalia (dissection USNM loan 2090579), lateral view exterior tip abdomen (g), ventral view exterior tip abdomen (h), dorsal view interior abdomen (i), corpus bursae perpendicular to signa (j).Scale bars 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909431/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 15a</figureCitation>
|
||
); dense covering of hair-like setae on uncus in two described species, aedeagus straight and lacking cornuti, ventral portion of anal tube weakly sclerotized and covered with minute studs, brachia pointing sharply dorsally of uncus. Female genitalia with eighth tergite complete, intersegmental membrane between seventh and eighth abdominal segments somewhat wrinkled and expandable without a sclerotized plate ventrally, eighth segment with large, posteriorly pointed irregular lateral sclerotized plate fused ventrally with a broad, scoop-like ventrally sclerotized antrum, band of black scales posterior to eighth segment encircling abdomen, base of papilla analis unusually strongly sclerotized, ductus bursae narrow, corpus bursae elongate and with two narrow, elongate signa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF98FFE7AB55ADEDFAB81746" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF98FFE7AB55ADEDFAB81746" blockId="23.[818,1466,1583,1949]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AB55ADEDFB3A16FF" bold="true" box="[858,1169,1686,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137E2A0CFF98FFE7ACAEADECFB5416FE" box="[1185,1279,1687,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="24.[122,218,717,736]" captionTargetBox="[148,743,127,674]" captionTargetId="figure-886@24.[145,747,123,677]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 16 Saurona gen.n. Species diversity mapped on a 2 degree grid. Colours ranging from dark green to red represent increasing diversity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7909435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7909435/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Figure 16</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF98FFE7AD1AADECFAF516FE" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[1301,1374,1687,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AD1AADECFAF516FE" box="[1301,1374,1687,1707]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AD66ADEDFA0A16FF" bold="true" box="[1385,1441,1686,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
is confined to lowland rainforest in the south-western Amazon, where both described species can be found in the same localities. The immature stages and hostplants have not been described.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FF98FFE8AB55AC5AFF4B17C8" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FF98FFE8AB55AC5AFF4B17C8" blockId="23.[818,1466,1583,1949]" lastBlockId="24.[122,771,889,1949]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AB55AC5AFC141760" bold="true" box="[858,959,1825,1845]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Discussion</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF98FFE7ABC3AC5AFBF21760" author="Weymer" box="[972,1113,1825,1845]" editor="Seitz, A." firstAuthor="Weymer" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart: A. Kernen" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="173 - 280" refId="ref43751" refString="Weymer, G. (1911) 4. Familie: Satyridae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.) Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde. Stuttgart: A. Kernen, pp. 173 - 280." title="Familie: Satyridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde" year="1911">Weymer (1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 194, pl. 46 e) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF98FFE7AD6DAC5AFCD1170D" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AD6DAC5AFCD1170D" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Euptychia aurigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his ‘Hesione group’ (now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF98FFE7AC8BAC3FFB53170D" authority="Forster, 1964" box="[1156,1272,1860,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Pareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AC8BAC3FFB53170D" box="[1156,1272,1860,1880]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Pareuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but also stated that it ‘resembles no other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF98FFE7AC1EAC1CFBC2172E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[1041,1129,1895,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF98FFE7AC1EAC1CFBC2172E" box="[1041,1129,1895,1915]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’. His description and figure of the ventral surface are consistent with one another, and the latter shows an attenuated VFW white band and dark brown line separating the white VHW postdiscal band from the orange surrounding the ocelli. These ventral characters are evident in the putative
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF97FFE8AA53A8C4FD0E1386" box="[604,677,959,979]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen examined at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED54AE4CFF97FFE8A92EA89AFEF413A0" box="[289,351,993,1013]" collectionName="Germany, Dresden, Museum fuer Tierkunde" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">SMTD</collectionCode>
|
||
, and distinguish the species from the only other described congener.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A97AAF7FFDB9144D" author="Aurivillius" box="[373,530,1028,1048]" firstAuthor="Aurivillius" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="153 - 168" part="50" refId="ref34251" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1929) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 153 - 168." title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera" type="journal article" year="1929">Aurivillius (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AA76AF7FFEB5146E" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="aurigera" variety="triangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA76AF7FFF0B146E" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euptychia aurigera</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A8DFAF5CFEB5146E" box="[208,286,1063,1083]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">triangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D43FD00FF97FFE8A98DAF5CFE5B146E" box="[386,496,1063,1083]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
from Rio Purus, Hyutanahan (= Hiutanaa ˜) (Brazil, Amazonas), and accurately described several characters that distinguish the species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AA2CAF17FD2F14D5" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[547,644,1132,1152]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigera" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA2CAF17FD8514D5" box="[547,558,1132,1152]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA33AF17FD2F14D5" box="[572,644,1132,1152]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">aurigera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA82AF17FD7C14D5" bold="true" box="[653,727,1132,1152]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
and which are evident in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF97FFE8A950AFF4FE0314F6" box="[351,424,1167,1187]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens examined at the RMS and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A8EBAFCAFE021490" accessDate="2022-06-25" author="Warren" box="[228,425,1201,1221]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Warren" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" publicationUrl="http://butterfliesofamerica.com" refId="ref43564" refString="Warren, A. D., Davis, K., Stangeland, M., Pelham, J. & Grishin, N. V. (2022) Butterflies of America [WWW document]. Available from: http: // butterfliesofamerica. com [Accessed 25 th June 2022]" title="Butterflies of America [WWW document]" type="url" year="2022">Warren et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. We selected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AA39AFCAFD4F1490" authorityName="Aurivillius" authorityYear="1929" box="[566,740,1201,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA39AFCAFD4F1490" box="[566,740,1201,1221]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Euptychia triangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FE882BFF97FFE8A890AFAFFF6314BD" box="[159,200,1236,1256]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for this genus since it was the species for which we had most complete DNA sequence data. Neither species was mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A8D5AE62FECB1578" author="Forster" box="[218,352,1305,1325]" firstAuthor="Forster" journalOrPublisher="Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="51 - 188" part="8" refId="ref36772" refString="Forster, W. (1964) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae. Veroffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung Munchen, 8, 51 - 188." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Boliviens XIX. Lepidoptera III. Satyridae" type="journal article" year="1964">Forster (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his generic reorganization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AA9FAE62FD551578" box="[656,766,1305,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Euptychiina">Euptychiina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A8ADAE47FEB41505" author="Lamas" box="[162,287,1340,1360]" firstAuthor="Lamas" journalOrPublisher="Gainesville: Scientific Publishers / Association of Tropical Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="439" refId="ref39197" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4 A Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. Gainesville: Scientific Publishers / Association of Tropical Lepidoptera, p. 439." title="Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Checklist: Part 4 A Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea" type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed both species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A9F5AE47FD201505" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[506,651,1340,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A9F5AE47FD201505" box="[506,651,1340,1360]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, among several superficially similar other species, until their true relationships could be determined. Based on a morphological phylogenetic study,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A875AEDFFEA215ED" author="Huertas" box="[122,265,1444,1464]" firstAuthor="Huertas" journalOrPublisher="University College London" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref38505" refString="Huertas, B. (2014) Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4. In Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis). University College London." title="Systematics of the genus Splendeuptychia (Forster, 1964) and implications of taxonomy in conservation assessments. Chapter 4" type="book" volumeTitle="Evaluating the conservation status of Neotropical butterflies and the impact of systematics on threat assessments (PhD thesis)" year="2014">Huertas (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found both species to be distantly related to other species then placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A956AEBCFE41158E" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[345,490,1479,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A956AEBCFE41158E" box="[345,490,1479,1499]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphological phylogenetic study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FF97FFE8A90BAE92FE1E15A8" author="Marin" box="[260,437,1513,1533]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marin" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="768 - 785" part="42" refId="ref39677" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785." title="Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Marín et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A9F0AE92FD4D15A8" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[511,742,1513,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A9F0AE92FD4D15A8" box="[511,742,1513,1533]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeuptychia triangula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A8DEAD77FE011675" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Huertas, Rios & Le Crom" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[209,426,1548,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ackeryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A8DEAD77FE011675" box="[209,426,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeuptychia ackeryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A9D1AD77FD001675" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[478,683,1548,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doxes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A9D1AD77FD001675" box="[478,683,1548,1568]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Splendeuptychia doxes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both of which are placed here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A960AD54FE4D1616" authorityName="Freitas, Barbosa & Zacca" authorityYear="2018" box="[367,486,1583,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Nhambikuara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A960AD54FE4D1616" box="[367,486,1583,1603]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nhambikuara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but without strong support, and this placement may have resulted from superficial similarity in ventral wing pattern elements. Otherwise, we do not know of any morphological characters that strongly support an alternative hypothesis of relationships from that proposed in this paper on the basis of molecular data, or the reasonable placement of the two species included here within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A948AD84FE3B1746" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[327,400,1791,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A948AD84FE3B1746" box="[327,400,1791,1811]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A996AD85FE791747" bold="true" box="[409,466,1790,1810]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
in any described genus. In our analysis the branch separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8A990AC5AFE431760" authority="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott, 2023" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[415,488,1825,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A990AC5AFE431760" box="[415,488,1825,1845]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8A9E0AC5AFD831760" bold="true" box="[495,552,1825,1845]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFF97FFE8AA6BAC5AFD401760" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[612,747,1825,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Hermeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFF97FFE8AA6BAC5AFD401760" box="[612,747,1825,1845]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hermeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much longer than any within either genus, and the two genera otherwise share no obvious diagnostic morphological or ecological characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35F6502FFB6FFC9A875AD48FDDA1624" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="taxon_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB6FFC9A875AD48FE381616" blockId="57.[122,1225,627,1649]" box="[122,403,1587,1603]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB6FFC9A875AD48FEFC1616" authority="Huertas & Willmott" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" box="[122,343,1587,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Saurona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A875AD48FF161616" box="[122,189,1587,1603]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Saurona</emphasis>
|
||
Huertas & Willmott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A951AD48FE381616" bold="true" box="[350,403,1587,1603]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">gen.n.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB6FFC9A8ADAD31FDC7160F" blockId="57.[122,1225,627,1649]" box="[162,620,1610,1626]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB6FFC9A8ADAD31FEDB160F" authority="(Weymer, [1911])" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Weymer" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[162,368,1610,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurigera" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A8ADAD31FF48160F" box="[162,227,1610,1626]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">aurigera</emphasis>
|
||
(Weymer, [1911])
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A978AD31FE17160F" bold="true" box="[375,444,1610,1626]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB6FFC9A9E6AD31FDC7160F" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[489,620,1610,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A9E6AD31FDC7160F" box="[489,620,1610,1626]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFA3689FFB6FFC9A8ADAD1AFDDA1624" blockId="57.[122,1225,627,1649]" box="[162,625,1633,1649]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB6FFC9A8ADAD1AFEDE1624" authority="(Aurivillius, 1929)" authorityName="Espeland1 & Nakahara & Zacca & Barbosa & Huertas & Marín & Lamas & Benmesbah & Brévignon & Casagrande & Fåhraeus & Grishin & Kawahara1 & Mielke & Miller & Nakamura & Navas & Patrusky & Pyrcz & Richards & Tan & Tyler & Viloria & Warren1 & Xiao & Freitas & Willmott" authorityYear="2023" baseAuthorityName="Aurivillius" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[162,373,1633,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangula" status="comb.n.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A8ADAD1AFF4D1624" box="[162,230,1633,1649]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">triangula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B78FFB6FFC9A8E0AD1AFEDB1624" author="Aurivillius, P. O. C." box="[239,368,1633,1649]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="153 - 168" part="50" refId="ref34251" refString="Aurivillius, P. O. C. (1929) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 50, 153 - 168." title="Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen Entomologischen Reisen des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas 1914 - 1915 und 1923 - 1924. 13. Rhopalocera" type="journal article" year="1929">Aurivillius, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A973AD1AFE6A1624" bold="true" box="[380,449,1633,1649]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">comb.n.</emphasis>
|
||
, was
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0AFFB6FFC9A9E1AD1AFDDA1624" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1964" box="[494,625,1633,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Splendeuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B931EA9BFFB6FFC9A9E1AD1AFDDA1624" box="[494,625,1633,1649]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Splendeuptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |