1372 lines
180 KiB
XML
1372 lines
180 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E96346FBD06AD1D37814744013B9A365">Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="59884681EDFF36FCA675C6A1AE5ED9E5">Toda, Masanori J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F0C0197040FF9EED6F9352A0B5D40F47">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DD9640A755E95294439DFF60B7C82CB0">2021</mods:date>
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15)
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FF0362D3B11DB1CD" ID-CoL="9HWCB" authority="Toda" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[198,593,726,753]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF0362D3B147B1CD" bold="true" box="[198,523,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Colocasiomyia leucocasiae</emphasis>
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Toda
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245462E13FD9A62D2B1F0B1CD" box="[607,700,727,753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C364BEB045462E13FF5262FEB226B029" box="[151,362,762,789]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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(
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,
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<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FEC362FFB275B029" box="[262,313,762,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,860,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-242@21.[151,1435,860,1912]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus (upper, lateral view; lower, dorsal view) of species of the Colocasiomyia cristata subgroup.A, C. ecornuta sp. nov. ♂; B, C. grandis sp. nov. ♂; C, C. vieti sp. nov. ♂; D, C. cristata de Meijere ♂; E, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso ♂; F, C. kinabaluana sp. nov. ♂; G, C. kotana sp. nov. ♂; and H, C. matthewsi sp. nov. ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766434/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">15O</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FE8062FEB22EB029" box="[325,354,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">29</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF52633AB263B06B" box="[151,303,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
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sp.1
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FE4B633AB2A9B06B" box="[398,485,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">diconica</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45462E13FE37633AB1A1B06B" author="Sultana, F. & Hu, Y. G. & Toda, M. J. & Takenaka, K. & Yafuso, M." box="[498,749,831,855]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="684 - 702" refId="ref33499" refString="Sultana, F., Hu, Y. G., Toda, M. J., Takenaka, K. & Yafuso, M. (2006) Phylogeny and classification of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae), and its evolution of pollination mutualism with aroid plants. Systematic Entomology, 31, 684 - 702. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2006.00344. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Sultana
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FD806345B13DB06B" box="[581,625,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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., 2006: 694
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45462E13FD32633AB0AEB06B" author="Takano, T. K. & Suwito, A. & Gao, J. J. & Yin, J. T." box="[759,994,831,855]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref33707" refString="Takano, T. K., Suwito, A., Gao, J. J. & Yin, J. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the cristata species group of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Low Temperature Science, 69, 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Takano
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FC826345B038B06B" box="[839,884,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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., 2011: 22
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45462E13FC28633AB7E3B06B" author="Fartyal, R. S. & Gao, J. J. & Toda, M. J. & Hu, Y. G. & Takano, K. T. & Suwito, A. & Katoh, T. & Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T." box="[1005,1199,831,855]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" pagination="763 - 782" refId="ref32284" refString="Fartyal, R. S., Gao, J. J., Toda, M. J., Hu, Y. G., Takano, K. T., Suwito, A., Katoh, T., Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T. (2013) Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae) revised phylogenetically, with a new species group having peculiar lifecycles on monsteroid (Araceae) host plants. Systematic Entomology, 38, 763 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12027" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Fartyal
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<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FBFE6345B72BB06B" box="[1083,1127,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FB7C633AB7BBB06B" box="[1209,1271,831,855]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[286,1299,181,1927]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[286,1300,181,1927]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Character 12 of costal setae on the wing (anterodistal portion) of Colocasiomyia xenalocasiae (Okada) (A), C. colocasiae (Duda) (B) and C. cristata de Meijere (C). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766414" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766414/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045462E13FF526380B734B737" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF526380B734B737" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF526380B25EB0A3" bold="true" box="[151,274,901,927]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Apically blunt, heavy, peg-like costal setae in middle row interspersed with weak, trichoid ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FAAA6380B387B0FF" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A pair of processes on male abdominal sternite VI nearly straight and parallel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FB8263ACB7ECB0FF" box="[1095,1184,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1780,1804]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1757]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1757]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Male abdominal sternite VIs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (B in anteroventral view, C in lateral view), C. stamenicola (Carson & Okada) (D in anterior view) and all species of the C. cristata subgroup (A in ventral view, E‒R in anterior view): A, C. ecornuta sp. nov.; E, C. grandis sp. nov.; F, C. vieti sp. nov.; G, C. cristata de Meijere; H, C. matthewsi sp. nov.; I, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso; J, C. kinabaluana sp. nov.; K, C. kotana sp. nov.; L, C. sabahana sp. nov.; M, C. sarawakana sp. nov.; N, C. pistilicola (Carson & Okada); O, C. xenalocasiae (Okada); P, C. diconica (Toda & Okada); Q, C. sumatrana sp. nov.; and R, C. leucocasiae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766420/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 9R</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surstylus as broad as ventro-apical lobe of cercus, with 5–6 recurved teeth apically and 1–2 minute setae subapically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FB0763C8B666B0DB" box="[1218,1322,973,999]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epiproct and hypoproct large; hypoproct thicker than width of oviscapt in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FBC663F4B720B737" box="[1027,1132,1009,1035]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045462E13FF026410B2F3B5AF" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF026410B7EAB76F" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF026410B21DB713" bold="true" box="[199,337,1045,1071]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FEA56410B239B713" box="[352,373,1045,1071]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FE6C6413B2F3B70C" box="[425,447,1046,1072]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; not repeating characters common to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FC986413B742B713" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[861,1038,1045,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FC986413B03CB70C" box="[861,880,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FCB96410B742B713" box="[892,1038,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Head. Supracervical setae 5–6 per side. Cibarial, posterior sensillum 1 per side. Supralateral seta outside prementum 1 per side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF02645BB072B744" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" box="[199,830,1117,1144]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Legs. Mid tibia with approximately 2 apical, stout setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF026484B65BB783" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Abdomen. Male abdominal sternites III and IV wider than long, medially notched on posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FAAA6484B385B783" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female abdominal sternite VI wider than long, medially notched on posterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FB6664A0B646B783" box="[1187,1290,1189,1215]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF0264CCB03DB673" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Male terminalia. Epandrium pubescent except for anterior and ventral margins and anteroventral elongation, posteroventrally less extended, with 1–3 setae on lateral to dorsal portion and 16–19 setae on ventral portion of each side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FF166514B277B617" box="[211,315,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cercus pubescent except for anterior margin and ventral 1/5, with 37–41 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FB7B6514B66AB617" box="[1214,1318,1297,1323]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oviscapt about 4 times as long as wide, with 12–13 ovisensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FD396530B029B673" box="[764,869,1333,1359]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF02655CB243B6E3" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Indices (range of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FE4A655CB28CB64F" box="[399,448,1369,1395]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FE3C655CB166B64F" box="[505,554,1369,1395]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5539945462E13FDF7655FB1EFB648" box="[562,675,1370,1396]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
): FW/HW = 0.50–0.71, ch/o = 0.31–0.67, prorb = 0.93–1.16, rcorb = 0.18–0.32, vb = 0.27–0.54, dcl = 0.46–0.70, sctl = 0.63–0.83, sterno = 0.34–0.63, orbito = 0.37–0.74, dcp = 0.79–1.23, sctlp = 0.80–1.02, C = 1.71–2.46, 4c = 1.14–1.53, 4v = 1.79–2.47, 5x = 1.31–2.13, ac = 2.68–3.51, M = 0.40–0.74.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF0265ECB2F3B5AF" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Puparium (3rd instar larva). Segments with stout spicules on ventral surface; anterior spiracle sessile, with a bundle of short branches; caudal segments elongate, with small spicules, ending in a pair of posterior spiracles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FAAA6608B3A9B577" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29H–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouth hook triangularly expanded medioventrally in lateral view; distal blade shorter than basal portion, apically more or less roundish, strongly curved downward, with two lines of blunt teeth on submedial portion of ventral margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45462E13FE8F667CB2FFB5AF" box="[330,435,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 29K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045462E13FF026698B1E7B488" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF026698B279B5E7" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FF026698B279B5E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896326" collectingDate="2004-01-09" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" location="Bogor Botanical Garden" municipality="Bogor" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Jawa Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF026698B277B58B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1693,1719]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5539945462E13FF026698B27AB58B" box="[199,310,1693,1719]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FE84669BB21AB584" box="[321,342,1694,1720]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F75FE45462E13FEA66698B2E9B58B" box="[355,421,1693,1719]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
), “
|
||
<location id="8EA1BBE045462E13FE046698B199B58B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75C2D45462E0DFF5262D3B057B60D:8EA1BBE045462E13FE046698B199B58B" box="[449,725,1693,1719]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Bogor" name="Bogor Botanical Garden" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Jawa Barat">Bogor Botanical Garden</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5774145462E13FD1A669BB06BB584" box="[735,807,1694,1720]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Bogor</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FCF5669BB0EDB584" box="[816,929,1694,1720]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">West Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45462E13FC696698B750B58B" box="[940,1052,1693,1719]" name="Indonesia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FBE06698B7C8B58B" box="[1061,1156,1693,1719]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-01-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FBE06698B7C8B58B" box="[1061,1156,1693,1719]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-01-09">9.i.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FB6B669BB26BB5E7" authority=", K. T. Takano" authorityName="K. T. Takano" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FB6B669BB6D9B58B" box="[1198,1429,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Leucocasia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
, K.T. Takano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF0266E0B640B457" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FF0266E0B027B5C3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896716" box="[199,875,1765,1792]" collectingDate="2004-01-09" collectionCode="MZB" country="Indonesia" location="Bogor Botanical Garden" municipality="Bogor" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="22" specimenCount-female="11" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Jawa Barat" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF0266E0B20AB5C3" bold="true" box="[199,326,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5539945462E13FF0266E0B20DB5C3" box="[199,321,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45462E13FE8866E0B2F2B5C3" box="[333,446,1765,1791]" name="Indonesia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FE0C66E0B2B7B5C3" box="[457,507,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">11♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FDCD66E0B175B5C3" box="[520,569,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">11♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as the holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FCB366E0B1A1B41F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896891" collectingDate="2003-12-29" country="Indonesia" location="Probolinggo" municipality="Madakaripura" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Jawa Timur" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FCB366E0B0E5B5C3" box="[886,937,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FC7066E0B0A4B5C3" box="[949,1000,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5774145462E13FC3066E0B7DEB5C3" box="[1013,1170,1765,1791]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Madakaripura</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
waterfall,
|
||
<location id="8EA1BBE045462E13FACE66E0B6D4B5C3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75C2D45462E0DFF5262D3B057B60D:8EA1BBE045462E13FACE66E0B6D4B5C3" box="[1291,1432,1765,1791]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Madakaripura" name="Probolinggo" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Probolinggo</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FF52670FB24CB418" box="[151,256,1802,1828]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">East Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FECD670CB2C7B41F" box="[264,395,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2003-12-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FECD670CB2C7B41F" box="[264,395,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2003-12-29">29.xii.2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FE77670FB18CB41F" authority=", K. T. Takano" authorityName="K. T. Takano" box="[434,704,1801,1828]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FE77670FB28EB41F" box="[434,450,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FE09670FB162B41F" box="[460,558,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
, K.T.Takano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FD3F670CB1E4B47B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896948" collectingDate="2004-12-07" collectionCode="MZB, SEHU" country="Indonesia" location="Kerinci National Park" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Jambi" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FD3F670CB061B41F" box="[762,813,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FCF3670CB025B41F" box="[822,873,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA1BBE045462E13FCB7670CB729B41F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75C2D45462E0DFF5262D3B057B60D:8EA1BBE045462E13FCB7670CB729B41F" box="[882,1125,1801,1827]" country="Indonesia" name="Kerinci National Park" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Jambi">Kerinci National Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FBA8670CB7FFB41F" box="[1133,1203,1801,1827]" country="Indonesia" name="Jambi" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Jambi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FB7E670CB657B41F" box="[1211,1307,1801,1827]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FAE1670CB6D4B41F" box="[1316,1432,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-12-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FAE1670CB6D4B41F" box="[1316,1432,1801,1827]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-12-07">7.xii.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FF72672BB287B47B" authority=", K. T. Takano" authorityName="K. T. Takano" box="[183,459,1837,1864]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF72672BB38BB47B" box="[183,199,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF11672BB27AB47B" box="[212,310,1838,1863]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
, K.T. Takano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F75FE45462E13FDC26728B104B47B" box="[519,584,1837,1863]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F75FE45462E13FD976728B1ECB47B" box="[594,672,1837,1863]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SEHU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FD746728B05CB457" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896562" collectingDate="2016-03-15" country="Malaysia" county="Gua Ikan" latitude="5.3541665" location="Kuala Krai" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.02695" municipality="Dabong" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kelantan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45462E13FD746728B050B47B" box="[689,796,1837,1863]" name="Malaysia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FCE06728B006B47B" box="[805,842,1837,1863]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A095B745462E13FC906728B0F3B47B" box="[853,959,1837,1863]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Gua Ikan</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA5774145462E13FC0D6728B768B47B" box="[968,1060,1837,1863]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Dabong</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA1BBE045462E13FBE86728B7E7B47B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75C2D45462E0DFF5262D3B057B60D:8EA1BBE045462E13FBE86728B7E7B47B" box="[1069,1195,1837,1863]" country="Malaysia" county="Gua Ikan" latitude="5.3541665" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.02695" municipality="Dabong" name="Kuala Krai" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Kelantan">Kuala Krai</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FB716728B650B47B" box="[1204,1308,1837,1863]" country="Malaysia" name="Kelantan" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kelantan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A8BFC45462E13FAE36728B6D0B474" box="[1318,1436,1837,1864]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="15" seconds="15" value="5.3541665">5°21'15"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A8BFC45462E13FF526754B264B457" box="[151,296,1873,1899]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" precision="15" seconds="37" value="102.02695">102°01'37"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FEF16754B2E3B450" box="[308,431,1873,1900]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-03-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FEF16754B2E3B450" box="[308,431,1873,1900]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-03-15">15.iii.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FE186757B1ADB450" authority=", S. Y. Wong" authorityName="S. Y. Wong" box="[477,737,1873,1900]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FE186757B2A1B457" box="[477,493,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FE3F6757B110B457" box="[506,604,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
, S.Y. Wong
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FCE56754B644B457" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896930" box="[800,1288,1873,1900]" collectingDate="2016-03-17" collectionCode="SEHU" country="Malaysia" county="Gua Ikan" latitude="5.3541665" location="Kuala Krai" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="102.02695" municipality="Dabong" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="20" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Kelantan" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FCE56754B01FB457" box="[800,851,1873,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">10♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FC9A6754B0DEB457" box="[863,914,1873,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, ditto except
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FBEC6754B7EEB457" box="[1065,1186,1873,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-03-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FBEC6754B7EEB457" box="[1065,1186,1873,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2016-03-17">17.iii.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F75FE45462E13FB746754B64CB457" box="[1201,1280,1873,1899]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SEHU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF026770B1E7B488" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF026770B16EB4B3" bold="true" box="[199,546,1909,1935]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Another specimen examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B16E76645462E13FDEF6770B1EAB488" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3418896821" collectingDate="2004-01-04" collectionCode="SEHU" country="Indonesia" elevation="970" location="Sungai Lubuk Paraku" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Barat">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45462E13FDEF6770B1D7B4B3" box="[554,667,1909,1935]" name="Indonesia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245462E13FD636770B187B4B3" box="[678,715,1909,1935]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA1BBE045462E13FD1D6770B083B4B3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D75C2D45462E0DFF5262D3B057B60D:8EA1BBE045462E13FD1D6770B083B4B3" box="[728,975,1909,1935]" country="Indonesia" name="Sungai Lubuk Paraku" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Sumatera Barat">Sungai Lubuk Paraku</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945462E13FC1F6773B735B4B3" box="[986,1145,1909,1936]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">West Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="00530A0845462E13FB406770B646B4B3" box="[1157,1290,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="970.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8640DE45462E13FB406770B781B4AC" box="[1157,1229,1909,1936]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="970.0">970 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC0CBFB45462E13FAD26770B63AB4B3" box="[1303,1398,1909,1935]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-01-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84321345462E13FAD26770B63AB4B3" box="[1303,1398,1909,1935]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="2004-01-04">4.i.2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845462E13FF52679CB15DB48F" authority=", K. T. Takano" authorityName="K. T. Takano" box="[151,529,1945,1972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF52679CB236B48F" box="[151,378,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Colocasia esculenta</emphasis>
|
||
, K.T. Takano
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F75FE45462E13FD95679CB1D7B48F" box="[592,667,1945,1971]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">SEHU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045462E13FF0267B8B7EFB4E4" box="[199,1187,1981,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45462E13FF0267B8B7EFB4E4" blockId="44.[151,1437,901,2008]" box="[199,1187,1981,2008]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945462E13FF0267B8B22DB4EB" bold="true" box="[199,353,1981,2007]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45462E13FE2067B8B102B4EB" box="[485,590,1981,2007]" name="Malaysia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sumatra (West Sumatra), Java (West and East Java).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF01BDB345472E12FF526731B72BB4E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" startId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" targetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" targetPageId="45">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45472E12FF526731B72BB4E0" blockId="45.[151,1437,1844,2013]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945472E12FF526731B26CB470" bold="true" box="[151,288,1844,1868]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845472E12FEE36730B13BB471" authority="Toda" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,631,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945472E12FEE36730B170B471" box="[294,572,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Colocasiomyia leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
Toda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945472E12FD446730B19DB471" bold="true" box="[641,721,1845,1869]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245472E12FD446730B19DB471" box="[641,721,1845,1869]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045442E11FF026092B18BB3C5" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF026092B18BB3C5" blockId="46.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF026092B277B38D" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species morphologically resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FCF56092B0F4B38D" box="[816,952,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diconica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FCF56092B00FB38D" box="[816,835,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FC9D6092B0F4B38D" box="[856,952,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">diconica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the epandrium less extended posteroventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45442E11FE9B60BEB287B3E9" box="[350,459,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-22@42.[151,1435,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 27. Colocasiomyia diconica (Toda & Okada) (♂ and ♀ from Taykoa, Bangkok, Thailand).A, Male abdominal sternites (ventral view); B, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, periphallic organs (lateral view); D, phallic organs (lateral view); E, ditto (ventral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766460/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 27C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45442E11FE1D60BEB146B3E9" box="[472,522,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">29D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the short oviscapt about 4 times as long wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45442E11FBA260BEB781B3E9" box="[1127,1229,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1510]" captionTargetId="figure-22@42.[151,1435,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 27. Colocasiomyia diconica (Toda & Okada) (♂ and ♀ from Taykoa, Bangkok, Thailand).A, Male abdominal sternites (ventral view); B, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, periphallic organs (lateral view); D, phallic organs (lateral view); E, ditto (ventral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766460/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 27F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45442E11FB1E60BEB643B3E9" box="[1243,1295,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[258,1330,181,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-18@45.[258,1330,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 29. Colocasiomyia leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Wing anterodistal portion; B, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, ditto (ventral view); G, female terminalia (lateral view); H, puparium (ventral habitus); I, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); J, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); K, mouth hook; L, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and L, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766464/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">29G</figureCitation>
|
||
), but can be distinguished from it by the diagnostic characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045442E11FF026106B07CB242" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF026106B18DB221" blockId="46.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[199,705,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF026106B202B221" bold="true" box="[199,334,259,285]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Referring to the main host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF526161B07CB242" blockId="46.[151,816,356,382]" box="[151,816,356,382]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF526161B07CB242" bold="true" box="[151,816,356,382]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Biogeography, flower-breeding ecology and evolution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C364BEB045442E0DFF5261A9B057B60D" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF5261A9B10AB04B" blockId="46.[151,1437,428,1067]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Based on up-to-date collection records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FDA061A9B02BB2FA" box="[613,871,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FDA061A9B041B2FA" box="[613,781,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the biogeography of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FBB861A8B79FB2FA" box="[1149,1235,429,454]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FBB861A8B79FB2FA" box="[1149,1235,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is currently summarized as follows. Of the six
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FDD161D5B05FB2D6" box="[532,787,464,490]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FDD161D5B1F0B2D6" box="[532,700,464,490]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FC5C61D4B0A3B2D6" box="[921,1007,465,490]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FC5C61D4B0A3B2D6" box="[921,1007,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is most widely distributed in the Oriental and Papuan regions, covering nearly the entire range of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FC2F61F1B7DEB132" authorityName=": Duda" authorityYear="1924" box="[1002,1170,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FC2F61F1B7DEB132" box="[1002,1170,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FB1D61F1B6DFB132" box="[1240,1427,500,526]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FF52621CB223B10E" box="[151,367,536,563]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(east) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FE13621DB108B10E" box="[470,580,536,562]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(west) and from Java (south) to Ryukyu Islands/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FBA7621DB7F9B10E" box="[1122,1205,536,562]" name="Taiwan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
/South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FAC0621DB604B10E" box="[1285,1352,536,562]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(north) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45442E11FF656239B3B8B16A" box="[160,244,572,598]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Geographical distributions of all species of the Colocasiomyia cristata group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766432/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FEF96238B2DEB16A" box="[316,402,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FEF96238B2DEB16A" box="[316,402,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FE0F6239B10EB16A" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[458,578,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE0F6239B10EB16A" box="[458,578,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroups coexist almost across this range. The three species complexes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FF076264B254B146" box="[194,280,609,634]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF076264B254B146" box="[194,280,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup are more or less different in their distribution ranges. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FBE36265B7DFB146" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1062,1171,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabahana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FBE36265B7DFB146" box="[1062,1171,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sabahana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is endemic to Borneo, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FE9C6280B2E3B1A2" box="[345,431,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE9C6280B2E3B1A2" box="[345,431,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is distributed in the Greater Sunda Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FB836281B784B1A2" box="[1094,1224,644,670]" name="Philippines" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FACF6281B6D0B1A2" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1290,1436,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FACF6281B6D0B1A2" box="[1290,1436,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex is most widely distributed from tropical to subtropical areas of the whole
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FBB962ADB668B1FE" authorityName=": Duda" authorityYear="1924" box="[1148,1316,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FBB962ADB668B1FE" box="[1148,1316,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FA4662ADB265B1DA" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FA4662ADB6DAB1FE" box="[1411,1430,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF5262C9B265B1DA" box="[151,297,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is confined to the subtropical area, where it shares the same host plant with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FB7962C9B600B1DA" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[1212,1356,716,743]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FB7962C9B783B1DA" box="[1212,1231,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FB2462C9B600B1DA" box="[1249,1356,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">alocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FF5262F5B243B036" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,271,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF5262F5B243B036" box="[151,271,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45442E11FE4B62F5B138B036" author="Honda-Yafuso, M." box="[398,628,752,778]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="520 - 527" refId="ref32591" refString="Honda-Yafuso, M. (1983) Interspecific relationship between synhospitalic Drosophilella species (Diptera, Drosophilidae) inhabiting Alocasia odora on Okinawa Is., Japan. Kontyu, 51, 520 - 527." type="journal article" year="1983">Honda-Yafuso 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45442E11FDBA62F5B05BB036" author="Yafuso, M." box="[639,791,752,778]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref34251" refString="Yafuso, M. (1994) Life history traits related to resource partitioning between synhospitalic species of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding in inflorescences of Alocasia odora (Araceae). Ecological Entomology, 19, 65 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1994. tb 00391. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Yafuso, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Toda unpublished data). Of the three species unassigned to any species complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FE626311B167B012" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[423,555,788,815]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ecornuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE626311B2F6B012" box="[423,442,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE026310B167B012" box="[455,555,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ecornuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FD9A6311B1E3B012" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[607,687,788,815]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vieti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FD9A6311B13EB012" box="[607,626,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FDBA6310B1E3B012" box="[639,687,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">vieti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are endemic to Sulawesi and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FC3C6311B717B012" box="[1017,1115,788,814]" name="Vietnam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FAE26311B6D1B012" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1319,1437,788,815]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FAE26311B676B012" box="[1319,1338,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FA826311B6D1B012" box="[1351,1437,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cohabits in the same host-plant inflorescences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FD37633DB0E5B06E" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[754,937,824,851]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FD37633DB049B06E" box="[754,773,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FCD2633DB0E5B06E" box="[791,937,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FC22633DB73AB06E" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[999,1142,824,851]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FC22633DB0B6B06E" box="[999,1018,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FBCE633DB73AB06E" box="[1035,1142,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">alocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45442E11FACF633DB625B06E" box="[1290,1385,824,850]" name="Vietnam" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern Yunnan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45442E11FEA76359B176B04B" author="Sultana, F. & Hu, Y. G. & Toda, M. J. & Takenaka, K. & Yafuso, M." box="[354,570,860,887]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="684 - 702" refId="ref33499" refString="Sultana, F., Hu, Y. G., Toda, M. J., Takenaka, K. & Yafuso, M. (2006) Phylogeny and classification of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae), and its evolution of pollination mutualism with aroid plants. Systematic Entomology, 31, 684 - 702. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2006.00344. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sultana
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE7B6358B2BCB04A" box="[446,496,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF026385B7C9B716" blockId="46.[151,1437,428,1067]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Collection records of all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FDB86384B19FB0A6" box="[637,723,897,922]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FDB86384B19FB0A6" box="[637,723,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from their host plants at various localities in the Oriental and Papuan regions are compiled in Appendix 8. Modes of host-plant use vary from monopolization by a single species to sharing by 12 species. In ecological observations of this study, we focused on four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FA8263CCB6D1B0DE" box="[1351,1437,969,994]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FA8263CCB6D1B0DE" box="[1351,1437,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FEC863E9B2C8B73A" box="[269,388,1004,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FEC863E9B26CB73A" box="[269,288,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FEEB63E8B2C8B73A" box="[302,388,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FE7F63E9B129B73A" box="[442,613,1004,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE7F63E9B281B73A" box="[442,461,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FE1E63E9B129B73A" box="[475,613,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sulawesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FD7163E8B046B73A" box="[692,778,1005,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FD7163E8B046B73A" box="[692,778,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FCBA63E9B768B73A" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[895,1060,1004,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FCBA63E9B0DEB73A" box="[895,914,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FC6563E9B768B73A" box="[928,1060,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FBB663E9B649B73A" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1139,1285,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FBB663E9B649B73A" box="[1139,1285,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FF526415B269B716" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,293,1040,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabahana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF526415B3E6B716" box="[151,170,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF7D6415B269B716" box="[184,293,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sabahana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FEB66415B2ACB716" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[371,480,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabahana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FEB66415B2ACB716" box="[371,480,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">sabahana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, each of which monopolizes its specific host plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01BDB345442E11FF52674CB1D4B4CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766466" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5766466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766466/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1865,1889]" targetBox="[151,1435,1090,1841]" targetPageId="46">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45442E11FF52674CB1D4B4CD" blockId="46.[151,1437,1865,2033]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF52674CB26DB45D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1865,1889]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
|
||
Flower-visiting and -breeding habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FD04674CB76FB45D" authority="de Meijere" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[705,1059,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FD04674CB0E1B45D" box="[705,941,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Colocasiomyia cristata</emphasis>
|
||
de Meijere
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on inflorescences/infructescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845442E11FF526768B224B4B9" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" box="[151,360,1901,1925]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945442E11FF526768B26EB4B9" box="[151,290,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Alocasia alba</emphasis>
|
||
Schott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java.A, Adult flies gathering in the pistillate (lower female-flowers) region of spadix at Stage II; B, adult flies crawling up from the pistillate to the staminate (upper male-flowers) region of spadix at Stage III and dusted with pollen grains; C, eggs laid between pistils; D, a developing infructescence at Stage V, with a hole at the top of spathal wall (indicated with arrowhead).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF026092B790B2C9" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF026092B287B38C" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[199,459,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF026092B287B38C" box="[199,459,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colocasiomyia cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was observed using inflorescences/infructescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FBE06092B7F2B38D" box="[1061,1214,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBE06092B7F2B38D" box="[1061,1214,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia alba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945452E10FB1A6092B61DB38D" box="[1247,1361,151,177]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">West Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
. When the anthesis started with spathe opening and strong odor emission, adult flies came to the inflorescence at the female flowering phase (Stage II) and stayed in the spathal chamber around the pistillate and the lower intermediate regions of spadix, probably feeding, ovipositing and/or mating there (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FC956106B0F5B221" box="[848,953,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-383@46.[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 30. Flower-visiting and -breeding habits of Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on inflorescences/infructescences of Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java.A, Adult flies gathering in the pistillate (lower female-flowers) region of spadix at Stage II; B, adult flies crawling up from the pistillate to the staminate (upper male-flowers) region of spadix at Stage III and dusted with pollen grains; C, eggs laid between pistils; D, a developing infructescence at Stage V, with a hole at the top of spathal wall (indicated with arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766466/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Then, when the spathe began to constrict at the middle portion of intermediate region and pollen release started in the staminate region, the flies crawled up from the spathal chamber to the open staminate region of spadix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FCB0614EB090B259" box="[885,988,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-383@46.[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 30. Flower-visiting and -breeding habits of Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on inflorescences/infructescences of Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java.A, Adult flies gathering in the pistillate (lower female-flowers) region of spadix at Stage II; B, adult flies crawling up from the pistillate to the staminate (upper male-flowers) region of spadix at Stage III and dusted with pollen grains; C, eggs laid between pistils; D, a developing infructescence at Stage V, with a hole at the top of spathal wall (indicated with arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766466/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eggs were laid mostly on the pistillate region, especially its lower 1/3 section, sporadically on the lower 1/2 intermediate section, and very rarely on the lower 1/3 staminate section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FE256196B107B291" box="[480,587,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-383@46.[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 30. Flower-visiting and -breeding habits of Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on inflorescences/infructescences of Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java.A, Adult flies gathering in the pistillate (lower female-flowers) region of spadix at Stage II; B, adult flies crawling up from the pistillate to the staminate (upper male-flowers) region of spadix at Stage III and dusted with pollen grains; C, eggs laid between pistils; D, a developing infructescence at Stage V, with a hole at the top of spathal wall (indicated with arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766466/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 30C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FD9D6196B1C0B291" box="[600,652,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">31A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae fed in these spadix portions of infructescences at Stages IV and V, and pupariated within the infructescences of Stage V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FCA361B2B09DB2ED" box="[870,977,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Offspring adults emerged and left the infructescences through a hole at the top of spathal wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FCD261DEB031B2C9" box="[791,893,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1865,1889]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-383@46.[151,1435,1090,1841]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 30. Flower-visiting and -breeding habits of Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on inflorescences/infructescences of Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java.A, Adult flies gathering in the pistillate (lower female-flowers) region of spadix at Stage II; B, adult flies crawling up from the pistillate to the staminate (upper male-flowers) region of spadix at Stage III and dusted with pollen grains; C, eggs laid between pistils; D, a developing infructescence at Stage V, with a hole at the top of spathal wall (indicated with arrowhead)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766466" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766466/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 30D</figureCitation>
|
||
) before the spathal dehiscence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF0261FAB25FB1F1" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF0261FAB148B125" box="[199,516,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF0261FAB148B125" box="[199,516,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colocasiomyia sulawesiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
monopolized inflorescences/infructescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FBE861FAB663B125" box="[1069,1327,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrorrhizos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBE861FAB663B125" box="[1069,1327,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia macrorrhizos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945452E10FA9E61FAB24CB101" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Eggs were laid on the pistillate region and the lower 1/2 intermediate section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FBBD6226B793B101" box="[1144,1247,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Young (1st and 2nd instar) larvae were found feeding there and rarely on the lower 1/3 staminate section of spadix in inflorescences/ infructescences at Stages II to IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FDE3626EB1C2B1B9" box="[550,654,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Older (2nd and 3rd instar) larvae were found exclusively from the pistillate region, most abundantly from its middle 1/3 section, in infructescences of Stage V and pupariated there (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FF6562B6B24AB1F1" box="[160,262,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF0262D2B713B0D1" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Adult flies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FE9E62D2B2B1B1CD" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[347,509,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE9E62D2B222B1CD" box="[347,366,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FEBC62D2B2B1B1CD" box="[377,509,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FDC762D2B114B1CD" bold="true" box="[514,600,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FDC762D2B114B1CD" box="[514,600,727,753]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were collected, often together with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FBF362D2B7FAB1CC" box="[1078,1206,727,753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBF362D2B705B1CD" box="[1078,1097,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB9162D2B7FAB1CC" box="[1108,1206,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF7262FEB2EDB028" box="[183,417,763,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF7262FEB2EDB028" box="[183,417,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leucocasia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Bogor Botanical Garden in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945452E10FCEF62FEB0D2B029" box="[810,926,763,789]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Barat" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">West Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FBDA62FEB64FB029" author="Fartyal, R. S. & Gao, J. J. & Toda, M. J. & Hu, Y. G. & Takano, K. T. & Suwito, A. & Katoh, T. & Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T." box="[1055,1283,763,789]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="763 - 782" refId="ref32284" refString="Fartyal, R. S., Gao, J. J., Toda, M. J., Hu, Y. G., Takano, K. T., Suwito, A., Katoh, T., Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T. (2013) Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae) revised phylogenetically, with a new species group having peculiar lifecycles on monsteroid (Araceae) host plants. Systematic Entomology, 38, 763 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12027" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Fartyal
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBB262FEB7E5B029" box="[1143,1193,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
revealed that newly eclosed, young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FE48631AB142B004" box="[397,526,799,825]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE48631AB2ECB005" box="[397,416,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE69631AB142B004" box="[428,526,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies visit inflorescences of this host plant for feeding, and that the mature flies use inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FE9B6346B12CB060" box="[350,608,835,860]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Epipremnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE9B6346B12CB060" box="[350,608,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Epipremnum pinnatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Engler (Monsteroideae,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FC6F6346B744B061" box="[938,1032,835,861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) for breeding. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB336346B6D0B061" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1270,1436,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB336346B645B061" box="[1270,1289,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FADD6346B6D0B061" box="[1304,1436,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF526362B3BFB0BD" bold="true" box="[151,243,871,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FF526362B3BFB0BD" box="[151,243,871,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
monopolizes inflorescences/infructescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FCD46362B0B0B0BC" box="[785,1020,871,896]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCD46362B0B0B0BC" box="[785,1020,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leucocasia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for breeding at the Bogor Botanical Garden. Eggs were laid mainly on the pistillate region, most abundantly on its middle 1/3 section, but rarely on the lower 1/2 intermediate section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FE3363AAB117B0F5" box="[502,603,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae were confined to the pistillate region, mostly its lower 1/3 section, and pupariated on the lower pistillate region of infructescences at Stage IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FC2E63D6B71EB0D1" box="[1003,1106,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF0263F2B7AEB7D5" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF0263F2B2AFB72D" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,483,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabahana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF0263F2B2AFB72D" box="[199,483,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colocasiomyia sabahana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE2F63F2B108B72D" bold="true" box="[490,580,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FE2F63F2B108B72D" box="[490,580,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
monopolized inflorescences/infructescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB9B63F2B61AB72D" box="[1118,1366,1015,1041]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabriuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB9B63F2B61AB72D" box="[1118,1366,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia scabriuscula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945452E10FD87641EB1C6B709" box="[578,650,1051,1077]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Eggs were laid on the pistillate and intermediate regions, more on the latter region, and young (1st and 2nd instar) larvae were found feeding there, more in the former region of inflorescences at Stage IV (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FE116466B173B741" box="[468,575,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31D</figureCitation>
|
||
). At Stage V, the dried appendix falls off but the decayed staminate region remains within the spathal capsule of infructescence. Third-instar larvae were observed feeding on the pistillate and staminate regions of some infructescences at Stage V, and empty puparia were found from other Stage-V infructescences, though the numbers of individuals of these pre-imaginal stages were not counted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF0264F6B120B535" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Thus, all these four species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FDFB64F6B1D8B630" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[574,660,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FDFB64F6B1D8B630" box="[574,660,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, each of which monopolizes its own host plant for breeding, are pistilicolous, i.e. ovipositing, feeding (larvae) and pupariating mostly on the pistillate (lower, female-flowers) region of spadix, as well as three species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FD4F653EB053B669" baseAuthorityName="Carson & Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[650,799,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD4F653EB1D1B669" box="[650,669,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD6A653EB053B669" box="[687,799,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">pistilicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FCF5653EB0F8B669" box="[816,948,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diconica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCF5653EB00FB669" box="[816,835,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC91653EB0F8B669" box="[852,948,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">diconica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FC37653EB7E4B669" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1010,1192,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC37653EB749B669" box="[1010,1029,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBD3653EB7E4B669" box="[1046,1192,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FACF653EB6D0B669" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1290,1436,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FACF653EB6D0B669" box="[1290,1436,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, each of which shares its host plant with another stamenicolous species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FBDE655AB786B645" box="[1051,1226,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stameniicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBDE655AB762B645" box="[1051,1070,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBFE655AB786B645" box="[1083,1226,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">stameniicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB12655AB622B645" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[1239,1390,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB12655AB7A6B645" box="[1239,1258,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB33655AB622B645" box="[1270,1390,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF526586B26EB6A1" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[151,290,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF526586B3E6B6A1" box="[151,170,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF726586B26EB6A1" box="[183,290,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">alocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FDC86586B1C9B6A1" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[525,645,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FDC86586B1C9B6A1" box="[525,645,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FCC76586B74CB6A1" author="Carson, H. L. & Okada, T." box="[770,1024,1411,1437]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="15 - 29" refId="ref32072" refString="Carson, H. L. & Okada, T. (1980) Drosophilidae associated with flowers in Papua New Guinea. I. Colocasia esculenta. Kontyu, 48, 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Carson & Okada 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FBCF6586B7A3B6A1" author="Toda, M. J. & Okada, T." box="[1034,1263,1411,1437]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref34053" refString="Toda, M. J. & Okada, T. (1983) Ecological studies of floricolous Drosophilella in Burma with descriptions of three new species from Burma and the Philippines (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Kontyu, 51, 169 - 184." type="journal article" year="1983">Toda & Okada 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FB3F6586B39EB6FD" author="Honda-Yafuso, M." pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="520 - 527" refId="ref32591" refString="Honda-Yafuso, M. (1983) Interspecific relationship between synhospitalic Drosophilella species (Diptera, Drosophilidae) inhabiting Alocasia odora on Okinawa Is., Japan. Kontyu, 51, 520 - 527." type="journal article" year="1983">Honda-Yafuso 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FF1B65A2B234B6FD" author="Yafuso, M." box="[222,376,1447,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref34251" refString="Yafuso, M. (1994) Life history traits related to resource partitioning between synhospitalic species of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding in inflorescences of Alocasia odora (Araceae). Ecological Entomology, 19, 65 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1994. tb 00391. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Yafuso, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, two
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD8F65A2B1E5B6FC" box="[586,681,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata-</emphasis>
|
||
subgroup species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FCBC65A2B0ABB6FD" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[889,999,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCBC65A2B0C0B6FD" box="[889,908,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC5E65A2B0ABB6FD" box="[923,999,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">kotana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC3565A2B707B6FD" bold="true" box="[1008,1099,1447,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FC3565A2B707B6FD" box="[1008,1099,1447,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB4165A2B67EB6FD" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1156,1330,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinabaluana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB4165A2B7DBB6FD" box="[1156,1175,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB6365A2B67EB6FD" box="[1190,1330,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">kinabaluana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FAFF65A2B6D9B6FD" bold="true" box="[1338,1429,1447,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FAFF65A2B6D9B6FD" box="[1338,1429,1447,1473]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which share
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FEE165CEB16EB6D9" box="[292,546,1483,1509]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrorrhizos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FEE165CEB16EB6D9" box="[292,546,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia macrorrhizos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as their common host plant, are both pistilicolous as well, with slight breedingniche differentiation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FE4C65EAB12CB535" author="Takano, T. K. & Repin, R. & Mohamed, D. M. B. & Toda, M. J." box="[393,608,1519,1545]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="555 - 564" refId="ref33627" refString="Takano, T. K., Repin, R., Mohamed, D. M. B. & Toda, M. J. (2012) Pollination mutualism between Alocasia macrorrhizos (Araceae) and two taxonomically undescribed Colocasiomyia species (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in Sabah, Borneo. Plant Biology, 14, 555 - 564. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1438 - 8677.2011.00541. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Takano
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE2165EAB159B535" box="[484,533,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45452E10FF026616B124B4E1" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Based on the host-use records compiled in Appendix 8, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FC546616B0ABB510" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[913,999,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC546616B0ABB510" box="[913,999,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is regarded as specializing on the following four genera of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FD4E6632B1BAB56D" box="[651,758,1591,1617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aroideae">Aroideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FCC66632B029B56D" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[771,869,1591,1617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCC66632B029B56D" box="[771,869,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(11 spp.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FC206632B71BB56D" box="[997,1111,1591,1617]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC206632B71BB56D" box="[997,1111,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(7 spp.),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB0C6632B605B56C" box="[1225,1353,1591,1616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB0C6632B605B56C" box="[1225,1353,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Leucocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245452E10FA986632B6DFB56D" box="[1373,1427,1591,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF0F665EB270B549" box="[202,316,1627,1653]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Steudnera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF0F665EB270B549" box="[202,316,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Steudnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245452E10FE94665EB2C6B549" box="[337,394,1627,1653]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="generic">1 sp.</specimenCount>
|
||
). To estimate evolutionary changes and/or acquirement of host plants at the generic level in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF27667AB274B5A4" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[226,312,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF27667AB274B5A4" box="[226,312,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, the four host-plant genera were mapped on the phylogenetic tree having resulted from the morphological grafting cladistic analysis. ACCTRAN and DELTRAN resulted in the same inference of ancestral states (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45452E10FF2266C2B271B5DD" box="[231,317,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,182,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[151,1436,181,1279]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 32. Evolution of host-plant selection in the Colocasiomyia cristata species group, estimated parsimoniously by ACCTRAN and DELTRAN using PAUP* v4.0a168.ACCTRAN and DELTRAN estimated the same changes and/or acquirement of host-plant genera, which are shown on corresponding branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766470/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). All the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FD9566C2B1FEB5DC" box="[592,690,1735,1760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD9566C2B1FEB5DC" box="[592,690,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (outgroup) use exclusively monsteroid plants for breeding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FF5A66EEB23BB439" author="Fartyal, R. S. & Gao, J. J. & Toda, M. J. & Hu, Y. G. & Takano, K. T. & Suwito, A. & Katoh, T. & Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T." box="[159,375,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="763 - 782" refId="ref32284" refString="Fartyal, R. S., Gao, J. J., Toda, M. J., Hu, Y. G., Takano, K. T., Suwito, A., Katoh, T., Takigahira, T. & Yin, J. T. (2013) Colocasiomyia (Diptera: Drosophilidae) revised phylogenetically, with a new species group having peculiar lifecycles on monsteroid (Araceae) host plants. Systematic Entomology, 38, 763 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12027" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Fartyal
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF3C66EEB260B439" box="[249,300,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FE4166EEB169B439" author="Li, N. N. & Toda, M. J. & Fu, Z. & Chen, J. M. & Li, S. H. & Gao, J. J." box="[388,549,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="41 - 64" refId="ref32871" refString="Li, N. N., Toda, M. J., Fu, Z., Chen, J. M., Li, S. H. & Gao, J. J. (2014) Taxonomy of the Colocasiomyia gigantea species group (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with descriptions of four new species from Yunnan, China. ZooKeys, 406, 41 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 406.7176" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FE6366EEB295B439" box="[422,473,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45452E10FDF766EEB1ABB439" author="Jiao, R. J. & Bai, L. H. & Gao, J. J." box="[562,743,1771,1797]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref32682" refString="Jiao, R. J., Bai, L. H. & Gao, J. J. (2020) Descriptions of two new species of the genus Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding on Rhaphidophora host plants in Yunnan, China. ZooKeys, 968, 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 968.56677" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Jiao
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FDAD66EEB1D7B439" box="[616,667,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FA8266EEB6D1B438" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[1351,1437,1771,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FA8266EEB6D1B438" box="[1351,1437,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group was estimated to have acquired
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FD88670AB1E3B415" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[589,687,1807,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD88670AB1E3B415" box="[589,687,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its host plant. Nine extant species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FB6D670AB7B2B414" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[1192,1278,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FB6D670AB7B2B414" box="[1192,1278,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup use solely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FF216736B20AB471" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[228,326,1843,1869]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FF216736B20AB471" box="[228,326,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for breeding with pistilicolous habits so far as known (five of the nine species). Therefore, the MRCA of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FEFF6752B2DCB44C" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[314,400,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FEFF6752B2DCB44C" box="[314,400,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group would have been pistilicolous as well. Of the nine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FBDA6752B7CDB44D" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[1055,1153,1879,1905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FBDA6752B7CDB44D" box="[1055,1153,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specialists, eight species are monoxenous, each depending on a single host-plant species;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FCB5677EB723B4A9" box="[880,1135,1915,1941]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrorrhizos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCB5677EB723B4A9" box="[880,1135,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia macrorrhizos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most important host plant, being used by four of them (Appendix 8). But,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FD35679AB0D5B485" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[752,921,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawakana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FD35679AB04FB485" box="[752,771,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FCD5679AB0D5B485" box="[784,921,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">sarawakana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FC64679AB0B6B485" bold="true" box="[929,1018,1951,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245452E10FC64679AB0B6B485" box="[929,1018,1951,1977]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is polyxenous, having been recorded from four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845452E10FECF67C6B288B4E1" box="[266,452,1987,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945452E10FECF67C6B220B4E1" box="[266,364,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Appendix 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF01BDB3455A2E0FFF52674FB760B4CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" targetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" targetPageId="48">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B455A2E0FFF52674FB760B4CE" blockId="48.[151,1437,1866,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFF52674FB26BB45E" bold="true" box="[151,295,1866,1890]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFE1B674FB13AB45E" authorityName=": Duda" authorityYear="1924" box="[478,630,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFE1B674FB13AB45E" box="[478,630,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFE1A676BB00EB4BA" authority="de Meijere" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[479,834,1902,1926]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFE1A676BB187B4BA" box="[479,715,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Colocasiomyia cristata</emphasis>
|
||
de Meijere
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFCAF676BB773B4BA" authority="Schott" authorityName="Schott" box="[874,1087,1902,1926]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFCAF676BB0BBB4BA" box="[874,1015,1902,1926]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Alocasia alba</emphasis>
|
||
Schott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFEE86797B132B496" authority="Okada & Yafuso" authorityName="Okada & Yafuso" authorityYear="1989" box="[301,638,1938,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFEE86797B272B495" box="[301,318,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFE886797B286B496" box="[333,458,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sulawesiana</emphasis>
|
||
Okada & Yafuso
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFD6D6797B0DCB496" box="[680,912,1938,1962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrorrhizos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFD6D6797B0DCB496" box="[680,912,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Alocasia macrorrhizos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFAC06797B380B4F2" authority="Toda" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFAC06797B65AB495" box="[1285,1302,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFAE06797B6D1B496" box="[1317,1437,1938,1962]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
Toda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFF1267B3B264B4F2" bold="true" box="[215,296,1974,1998]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455A2E0FFF1267B3B264B4F2" box="[215,296,1974,1998]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFE8A67B2B189B4F2" authority="(Blume) Schott" authorityName="Schott" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[335,709,1974,1998]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFE8A67B2B16EB4F2" box="[335,546,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Leucocasia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
(Blume) Schott
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFB7267B3B638B4F2" authority="Toda" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1207,1396,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabahana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFB7267B3B784B4F1" box="[1207,1224,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFB1067B3B674B4F2" box="[1237,1336,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">sabahana</emphasis>
|
||
Toda
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFABB67B3B38FB4CE" bold="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455A2E0FFABB67B3B38FB4CE" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455A2E0FFF2F67DFB152B4CD" authority="N. E. Br." authorityName="N. E. Br." box="[234,542,2010,2034]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabriuscula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455A2E0FFF2F67DFB286B4CE" box="[234,458,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Alocasia scabriuscula</emphasis>
|
||
N.E.Br.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF01BDB3455B2E0EFF526513B075B64A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5766470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766470/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" startId="49.[151,250,1302,1326]" targetBox="[151,1433,182,1279]" targetPageId="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B455B2E0EFF526513B075B64A" blockId="49.[151,1436,1302,1399]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF526513B268B612" bold="true" box="[151,292,1302,1326]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
|
||
Evolution of host-plant selection in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFD126513B08BB612" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[727,967,1302,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFD126513B08BB612" box="[727,967,1302,1326]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colocasiomyia cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, estimated parsimoniously by ACCTRAN and DELTRAN using PAUP* v4.0a168.ACCTRAN and DELTRAN estimated the same changes and/or acquirement of host-plant genera, which are shown on corresponding branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B455B2E0DFF0265A0B2FFB291" blockId="49.[151,1437,1445,2011]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,151,1329]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
After the acquirement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFE2465A0B10FB683" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[481,579,1445,1471]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFE2465A0B10FB683" box="[481,579,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as host plant by the MRCA of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFC0365A3B750B683" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[966,1052,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC0365A3B750B683" box="[966,1052,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, host change from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFAFF65A0B6D0B683" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[1338,1436,1445,1471]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFAFF65A0B6D0B683" box="[1338,1436,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFF7065CCB26BB6DF" box="[181,295,1481,1507]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF7065CCB26BB6DF" box="[181,295,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was estimated to have occurred on two branches, i.e. in the MRCAs of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFB4165CCB7B0B6DF" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[1156,1276,1481,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB4165CCB7B0B6DF" box="[1156,1276,1481,1507]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup and of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFF2165E8B23AB53B" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[228,374,1517,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF2165E8B23AB53B" box="[228,374,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex; all the descendant, extant species of these ancestors are known to visit
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFAEE65E8B6D1B53B" box="[1323,1437,1517,1543]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFAEE65E8B6D1B53B" box="[1323,1437,1517,1543]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inflorescences. Three pairs each consisting of one stamenicolous
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFCAB6614B0A3B517" box="[878,1007,1553,1579]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">colocasiae-</emphasis>
|
||
subgroup species and one pistilicolous
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF526630B27EB573" box="[151,306,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">xenalocasiae-</emphasis>
|
||
complex species cohabit in the same host inflorescence:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFC6A6630B71BB573" box="[943,1111,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stamenicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC6A6630B08EB573" box="[943,962,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC156630B71BB573" box="[976,1111,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">stamenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFB4B6630B267B54F" authority="(Carson & Okada 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Carson & Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pistilicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB4B6630B7EDB573" box="[1166,1185,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB6A6630B653B573" box="[1199,1311,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">pistilicola</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA455B2E0EFAEB6630B26FB54F" author="Carson, H. L. & Okada, T." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="15 - 29" refId="ref32072" refString="Carson, H. L. & Okada, T. (1980) Drosophilidae associated with flowers in Papua New Guinea. I. Colocasia esculenta. Kontyu, 48, 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Carson & Okada 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFEF2665CB29CB54F" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[311,464,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFEF2665CB206B54F" box="[311,330,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFE9D665CB29CB54F" box="[344,464,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFDC3665CB0CBB54F" authority="(Toda & Okada 1983)" baseAuthorityName="Toda & Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[518,903,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diconica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFDC3665CB155B54F" box="[518,537,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFDE2665CB1CBB54F" box="[551,647,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">diconica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA455B2E0EFD53665CB032B54F" author="Toda, M. J. & Okada, T." box="[662,894,1625,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref34053" refString="Toda, M. J. & Okada, T. (1983) Ecological studies of floricolous Drosophilella in Burma with descriptions of three new species from Burma and the Philippines (Diptera, Drosophilidae). Kontyu, 51, 169 - 184." type="journal article" year="1983">Toda & Okada 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFC07665CB702B54F" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[962,1102,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC07665CB099B54F" box="[962,981,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC26665CB702B54F" box="[995,1102,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">alocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFB40665CB674B54F" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1157,1336,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB40665CB7D4B54F" box="[1157,1176,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB63665CB674B54F" box="[1190,1336,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Honda- Yafuso 1983;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA455B2E0EFEEA6678B28AB5AB" author="Yafuso, M." box="[303,454,1661,1687]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="65 - 73" refId="ref34251" refString="Yafuso, M. (1994) Life history traits related to resource partitioning between synhospitalic species of Colocasiomyia (Diptera, Drosophilidae) breeding in inflorescences of Alocasia odora (Araceae). Ecological Entomology, 19, 65 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1994. tb 00391. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Yafuso, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA455B2E0EFE1D6678B13DB5AB" author="Okada, T." box="[472,625,1661,1687]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="218 - 225" refId="ref33064" refString="Okada, T. (1980) Synhospitalic evolution of the genus Drosophilella Duda (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with description of a new species from Okinawa and Taiwan. Kontyu, 48, 218 - 225." type="journal article" year="1980">Okada (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
hypothesized that this cohabitation was established by a pair of ancestors of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFF2566A4B214B587" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[224,344,1697,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF2566A4B214B587" box="[224,344,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup and of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFD8266A4B195B587" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[583,729,1697,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFD8266A4B195B587" box="[583,729,1697,1723]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, and that such a pair dispersed and differentiated into the three extant pairs in different geographic areas. The cohabitation would have been achieved by micro-allopatric breeding-site differentiation along the spadix of host plant between two species of the ancestral pair: the ancestor of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFF7B6708B27AB41B" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[190,310,1805,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF7B6708B27AB41B" box="[190,310,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup would have changed its breeding habits from pistilicolous ones to stamenicolous ones, while the ancestor of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFEAD6734B2B6B477" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[360,506,1841,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFEAD6734B2B6B477" box="[360,506,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex would have retained pistilicolous habits. This change of breeding habits in the former may have been forced by the host-plant change or through interspecific competition with the cohabitant species. In this respect,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFE65677CB140B4AF" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[416,524,1913,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFE65677CB2FFB4AF" box="[416,435,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFE05677CB140B4AF" box="[448,524,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">kotana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFDD6677CB120B4AF" bold="true" box="[531,620,1913,1939]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455B2E0EFDD6677CB120B4AF" box="[531,620,1913,1939]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFD67677CB002B4AF" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[674,846,1913,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinabaluana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFD67677CB1F9B4AF" box="[674,693,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFD07677CB002B4AF" box="[706,846,1913,1939]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">kinabaluana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC90677CB0E2B4AF" bold="true" box="[853,942,1913,1939]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455B2E0EFC90677CB0E2B4AF" box="[853,942,1913,1939]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFC3E677FB71DB4AF" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[1019,1105,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFC3E677FB71DB4AF" box="[1019,1105,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex are interesting: they are both pistilicolous and cohabit in the same inflorescence/infructescence of the host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFB5B6798B2CEB4E7" authority="(Takano et al. 2012)" baseAuthorityName="Takano" baseAuthorityYear="2012" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrorrhizos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB5B6798B6D0B48B" box="[1182,1436,1949,1975]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alocasia macrorrhizos</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA455B2E0EFF5A67C4B236B4E7" author="Takano, T. K. & Repin, R. & Mohamed, D. M. B. & Toda, M. J." box="[159,378,1985,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="555 - 564" refId="ref33627" refString="Takano, T. K., Repin, R., Mohamed, D. M. B. & Toda, M. J. (2012) Pollination mutualism between Alocasia macrorrhizos (Araceae) and two taxonomically undescribed Colocasiomyia species (Diptera: Drosophilidae), in Sabah, Borneo. Plant Biology, 14, 555 - 564. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1438 - 8677.2011.00541. x" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Takano
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFF3E67C7B261B4E7" box="[251,301,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFDC767C4B1FCB4E7" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[514,688,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kinabaluana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFDC767C4B159B4E7" box="[514,533,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFDE167C4B1FCB4E7" box="[548,688,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">kinabaluana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFD7C67C4B058B4E7" bold="true" box="[697,788,1985,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455B2E0EFD7C67C4B058B4E7" box="[697,788,1985,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
tends to be more stamenicolous than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B8455B2E0EFB0167C4B67EB4E7" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[1220,1330,1985,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kotana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB0167C4B79BB4E7" box="[1220,1239,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFB2367C4B67EB4E7" box="[1254,1330,1985,2011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">kotana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A3129455B2E0EFAFF67C4B6D9B4E7" bold="true" box="[1338,1429,1985,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C52455B2E0EFAFF67C4B6D9B4E7" box="[1338,1429,1985,2011]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, having the following traits: the longer oviscapt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45582E0DFD716092B055B38D" box="[692,793,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1812]" captionTargetId="figure-60@32.[151,1435,273,1813]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 21. Colocasiomyia kinabaluana Toda & Takano, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia). A, Male abdominal sternites (ventral view); B, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, periphallic organs (lateral view); D, phallic organs (lateral view); E, ditto (ventral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view); G, oviscapt (lateral view); H, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); I, puparium (ventral habitus; inset: caudal-most portion); J, mouth hook; K, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–G and K, 1.0 mm in I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766448" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766448/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figs 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45582E0DFCE16092B01FB38D" box="[804,851,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[274,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-22@34.[274,1313,181,1818]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 22. Colocasiomyia kotana Toda & Takano, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia). A, Male abdominal sternites (ventral view); B, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, periphallic organs (lateral view); D, phallic organs (lateral view); E, ditto (ventral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view); G, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); H, puparium (ventral habitus; inset: caudal-most portion); I, mouth hook; J, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–F and J, 1.0 mm in H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766450/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">22F</figureCitation>
|
||
), a larger aggregation of adult flies in the upper part of spathal chamber and more eggs deposited on the intermediate region. This situation may or may not correspond to the initial phase of cohabitation of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFD8260DAB1F3B3C5" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[583,703,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD8260DAB1F3B3C5" box="[583,703,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-subgroup and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFCA360DAB0B4B3C5" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[870,1016,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCA360DAB0B4B3C5" box="[870,1016,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex ancestors. Another possible case of host-plant change is of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFE326106B1D1B221" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[503,669,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucocasiae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE326106B146B221" box="[503,522,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFDDC6106B1D1B221" box="[537,669,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">leucocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD606106B1B3B221" bold="true" box="[677,767,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245582E0DFD606106B1B3B221" box="[677,767,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Although only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7826B245582E0DFC776106B754B221" box="[946,1048,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen of this species has been collected, together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFE626122B164B27D" baseAuthorityName="Toda & Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[423,552,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diconica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE626122B2F6B27D" box="[423,442,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE0D6122B164B27D" box="[456,552,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">diconica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFDF36122B183B27C" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[566,719,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumatrana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFDF36122B105B27D" box="[566,585,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD926122B183B27C" box="[599,719,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">sumatrana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD126122B07CB27D" bold="true" box="[727,816,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245582E0DFD126122B07CB27D" box="[727,816,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFCFA6122B094B27D" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[831,984,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCFA6122B01EB27D" box="[831,850,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCA56122B094B27D" box="[864,984,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFBCB6122B7D5B27D" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1038,1177,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iskandari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFBCB6122B76DB27D" box="[1038,1057,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFBEA6122B7D5B27D" box="[1071,1177,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">iskandari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from an inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFF71614EB2D9B259" box="[180,405,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFF71614EB2D9B259" box="[180,405,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Colocasia esculenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BA23D945582E0DFE73614EB11FB259" box="[438,595,331,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Barat" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">West Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
, this species is very abundantly collected from inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFAD8614EB3B5B2B4" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gigantea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFAD8614EB3B5B2B4" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Leucocasia gigantea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45582E0DFEC9616AB238B2B5" box="[268,372,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[211,1373,184,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-22@48.[210,1378,181,1842]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distribution of Colocasiomyia pre-imagoes (eggs, larvae and puparia) over the spadix of inflorescence/ infructescence of host plant. A, Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere on Alocasia alba Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; B, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso on Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don in South Sulawesi; C, C. leucocasiae Toda, sp. nov. on Leucocasia gigantea (Blume) Schott at the Bogor Botanical Garden in West Java; D, C. sabahana Toda, sp. nov. on Alocasia scabriuscula N.E.Br. at the headquarters area of Kinabalu Park in Sabah." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766468/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and monopolizes it for breeding. Thus, this species may have changed its host plant from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFF526196B245B291" box="[151,265,403,429]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFF526196B245B291" box="[151,265,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEE86196B2E1B290" box="[301,429,403,428]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEE86196B2E1B290" box="[301,429,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Leucocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC1ED3B45582E0DFF0261B2B057B60D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
Acquirement of additional host-plant genera, i.e. niche expansion, was estimated to have occurred in four species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45582E0DFF3E61DEB21FB2C9" box="[251,339,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="49.[151,250,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,182,1279]" captionTargetId="figure-18@49.[151,1436,181,1279]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURE 32. Evolution of host-plant selection in the Colocasiomyia cristata species group, estimated parsimoniously by ACCTRAN and DELTRAN using PAUP* v4.0a168.ACCTRAN and DELTRAN estimated the same changes and/or acquirement of host-plant genera, which are shown on corresponding branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766470" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766470/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Of the three host-sharing pairs, the pair of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFCA161DEB0B8B2C9" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[868,1012,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCA161DEB03BB2C9" box="[868,887,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFC4C61DEB0B8B2C9" box="[905,1012,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">alocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFBF761DEB7A4B2C9" baseAuthorityName="Okada" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1074,1256,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenalocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFBF761DEB709B2C9" box="[1074,1093,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFB9361DEB7A4B2C9" box="[1110,1256,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">xenalocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
expanded their host plants to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEF861FAB2D3B125" authorityName="G. Don" authorityYear="1839" baseAuthorityName="Schott" box="[317,415,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEF861FAB2D3B125" box="[317,415,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFE1961FAB110B124" box="[476,604,511,536]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Leucocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE1961FAB110B124" box="[476,604,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Leucocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their northernmost distribution area (subtropical zone), probably due to the scarceness of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEB86226B2A3B101" box="[381,495,547,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEB86226B2A3B101" box="[381,495,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inflorescences there. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFCB46226B0A5B101" authority="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda, 2021" authorityName="Takano & Gao & Hu & Li & Yafuso & Suwito & Repin & Pungga & Meleng & Kaliang & Chong & Toda" authorityYear="2021" box="[881,1001,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCB46226B0C8B101" box="[881,900,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFC566226B0A5B101" box="[915,1001,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFC346226B707B101" bold="true" box="[1009,1099,547,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2398C5245582E0DFC346226B707B101" box="[1009,1099,547,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
joined this pair and formed a particular system of three-species cohabitation in a small area restricted to northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45582E0DFB816242B7EFB15D" box="[1092,1187,583,609]" name="Vietnam" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern Yunnan. Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEDD626EB2DCB1B9" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[280,400,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEDD626EB2DCB1B9" box="[280,400,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, which principally depends on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFCAE626EB091B1B9" box="[875,989,619,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFCAE626EB091B1B9" box="[875,989,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFC29626EB7C6B1B9" box="[1004,1162,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFC29626EB0B3B1B9" box="[1004,1023,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFBCA626EB7C6B1B9" box="[1039,1162,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has acquired
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFAEE626EB263B195" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Steudnera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colocasiifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFAEE626EB263B195" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Steudnera colocasiifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as another host plant and monopolistically uses its inflorescences/infructescences for breeding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45582E0DFF5B62B6B2DAB1F2" author="Takenaka, K. & Yin, J. T. & Wen, S. Y. & Toda, M. J." box="[158,406,691,718]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref33762" refString="Takenaka, K., Yin, J. T., Wen, S. Y. & Toda, M. J. (2006) Pollination mutualism between a new species of the genus Colocasiomyia de Meijere (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Steudnera colocasiifolia (Araceae) in Yunnan, China. Entomological Science, 9, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2006.00156. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Takenaka
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFED062B6B204B1F1" box="[277,328,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, probably in connection with the monopolization of this new host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFA4662B6B25EB1CD" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFA4662B6B6DAB1F1" box="[1411,1430,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFF5262D2B25EB1CD" box="[151,274,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits a mixture of pistilicolous and stamenicolous breeding habits: ovipositing exclusively on the pistillate region (pistilicolous habit), larvae feeding on decayed tissues of the staminate region (stamenicolous) and pupariating out of the infructescence (stamenicolous). Furthermore, a morphological adaptation for the first pistilicolous habit is seen in the oviscapt:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFDA06346B1B3B061" box="[613,767,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFDA06346B134B061" box="[613,632,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD416346B1B3B061" box="[644,767,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the distally broad oviscapt, as well as other pistilicolous species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEF06362B2C7B0BC" authorityName="de Meijere" authorityYear="1914" box="[309,395,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEF06362B2C7B0BC" box="[309,395,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">cristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup, which seems to be adaptive for laying eggs between pistils placed more loosely. In contrast, other stamenicolous species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFD49638EB048B099" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[652,772,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD49638EB048B099" box="[652,772,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup have the distally very narrow oviscapts to insert their eggs into narrow space between stamens packed compactly. With regard to the evolution of these mixed habits and morphology,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF90CA45582E0DFE9B63D6B111B0D2" author="Takenaka, K. & Yin, J. T. & Wen, S. Y. & Toda, M. J." box="[350,605,979,1006]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="79 - 91" refId="ref33762" refString="Takenaka, K., Yin, J. T., Wen, S. Y. & Toda, M. J. (2006) Pollination mutualism between a new species of the genus Colocasiomyia de Meijere (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Steudnera colocasiifolia (Araceae) in Yunnan, China. Entomological Science, 9, 79 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1479 - 8298.2006.00156. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Takenaka
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE1463D6B14FB0D1" box="[465,515,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed two hypotheses. The first is that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFB8D63D6B7A9B0D1" box="[1096,1253,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFB8D63D6B717B0D1" box="[1096,1115,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFBAF63D6B7A9B0D1" box="[1130,1253,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has secondarily evolved the pistilicolous oviposition habit and the related morphology of oviscapt under the condition lacking a pistilicolous cohabitant species on the new host plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFD3A641EB75DB709" box="[767,1041,1051,1077]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Steudnera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colocasiifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFD3A641EB75DB709" box="[767,1041,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Steudnera colocasiifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The second hypothesis is that the mixed situation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEA8643AB146B765" box="[365,522,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEA8643AB2CCB765" box="[365,384,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFE4A643AB146B765" box="[399,522,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents an initial, transitional phase of evolution from ancestral, pistilicolous habits to stamenicolous ones in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFDEC6466B1EDB741" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[553,673,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFDEC6466B1EDB741" box="[553,673,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup. The results of phylogenetic analyses in the present study lend support to the first hypothesis. However, more evidence is needed to fully depict the evolution of breeding habits in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFEEC64AEB2EDB7F9" authorityName=": Okada" authorityYear="1975" box="[297,417,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Drosophilella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colocasiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFEEC64AEB2EDB7F9" box="[297,417,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">colocasiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup: a total of 14 undescribed species of this subgroup, most of which are sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFF0B64CAB224B7D5" box="[206,360,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steudnerae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFF0B64CAB3ADB7D5" box="[206,225,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFF2864CAB224B7D5" box="[237,360,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">steudnerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F369ADAB45582E0DFE2E64CAB106B7D5" box="[491,586,1231,1257]" name="Vietnam" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern Yunnan (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1345F1BE45582E0DFC8664CAB0D8B7D5" box="[835,916,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="19.[151,250,943,967]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,182,919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@19.[151,1436,181,919]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 14. Geographical distributions of all species of the Colocasiomyia cristata group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5766432" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5766432/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), are awaiting taxonomical, phylogenetical and ecological studies on them. Moreover, cohabiting mechanisms in some systems where more than two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E96B845582E0DFB3164F6B3A4B60D" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90A312945582E0DFB3164F6B6D0B631" box="[1268,1436,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are incorporated have remained unexplored at all.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |