treatments-xml/data/03/BF/A8/03BFA83EFFFA13187B7B5727FDC2B067.xml

<document id="A1F5A2B40F90399A7FD07EAC3209D9A8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157329" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7198069b-c8c8-42c6-bafd-82acbbfd8793" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157329" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461013545131" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haddad, Célio F. B. &amp; Sazima, Ivan" docDate="2004" docId="03BFA83EFFFA13187B7B5727FDC2B067" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00479.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 479" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Physalaemus atlanticus Haddad &amp; Sazima, 2004, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FF86D046FFF813117A735641FFCAB359" masterDocTitle="A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698568150653" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="437018B4260670A7E69B4D9796A69199">A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E695A58519CFF5624F79C830E0D5F6D6">Haddad, Célio F. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBDA2232FC3F398748E11043A2EE869B">Sazima, Ivan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BFA83EFFFA13187B7B5727FDC2B067" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BFA83EFFFA13187B7B5727FDC2B067" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BFA83EFFFA13187B7B5727FDC2B067" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C30C4AA3FFFA13137B7B5727FCFFB142" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFA13137B7B5727FD41B2D9" blockId="2.[264,651,358,384]" box="[264,651,358,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0E1AE44FFFA13137B7B5727FD41B2D9" bold="true" box="[264,651,358,384]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B7B5727FD41B2D9" bold="true" box="[264,651,358,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFA13137B7B5727FDECB2D9" box="[264,550,358,384]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B7B5727FDECB2D9" bold="true" box="[264,550,358,384]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2517841FFFA1313785E5727FD41B2D9" box="[557,651,358,384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFA13137B7B57F0FCFFB142" blockId="2.[264,1323,433,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B7B57F0FE5DB292" bold="true" box="[264,407,433,459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype—</emphasis>
CFBH 3221 (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFA1313783557F0FD46B292" box="[582,652,433,459]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1292,1316]" captionTargetBox="[357,1245,582,1280]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[357,1303,581,1282]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physalaemus atlanticus, CFBH 3221 (holotype), adult male in life from Núcleo Picinguaba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. SVL = 20.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), adult male collected at Núcleo Picinguaba (
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFA13137ECB57F0FAEFB292" box="[1208,1317,433,459]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-23.383333">23°23’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFA13137B7B5798FEB4B2AA" box="[264,382,473,499]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-44.833332">44°50’ W</geoCoordinate>
), Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFA13137B7B5440FE98B142" box="[264,338,513,539]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA13137BF05440FD8FB142" box="[387,581,513,539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1999-01-20">20 January 1999</date>
by C. F. B. Haddad.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6949A0FFFA13137B7B534DFB57B61F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168953/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[357,1245,582,1280]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFA13137B7B534DFB57B61F" blockId="2.[264,1323,1292,1350]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B7B534DFE40B67D" bold="true" box="[264,394,1292,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFA13137BE2534CFD44B67D" box="[401,654,1293,1316]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137BE2534CFD44B67D" box="[401,654,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CFBH 3221 (holotype), adult male in life from Núcleo Picinguaba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. SVL = 20.5 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30C4AA3FFFA13187B4B53E0FDC2B067" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFA13137B4B53E0FC0FB5DD" blockId="2.[264,1324,1441,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B4B53E0FDD8B6E2" bold="true" box="[312,530,1441,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paratopotypes —</emphasis>
CFBH 1504, adult female collected on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA1313798253E3FACFB6E5" box="[1009,1285,1442,1468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1991-09-20" valueMax="1991-09-21" valueMin="1991-09-20">20–21 September 1991</date>
by C. F. B. Haddad, J. P. Pombal Jr., R. P. Bastos, L. P. C. Morellato, and E. C. Pombal; CFBH 1711, adult female collected on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA131378F253B3FCF2B555" box="[641,824,1522,1548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1992-10-03">3 October 1992</date>
by R. P. Bastos and A. R. Silveira; CFBH 2108 adult female collected on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA1313780C505BFC95B56D" box="[639,863,1562,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1993-12-28">28 December 1993</date>
–
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA1313791D505BFBF9B56D" box="[878,1075,1562,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1994-01-02">02 January 1994</date>
by C. F. B. Haddad; CFBH 3208, 3209, 3211, 321520, nine adult males collected with the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFA13137E175003FB04B505" box="[1124,1230,1602,1628]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; CFBH 3212–3214, three adult females collected with the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFA13137924502BFC0BB5DD" box="[855,961,1642,1668]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFA13137B4B50D0FDBAB415" blockId="2.[264,1324,1441,1868]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFA13137B4B50D0FE10B5F2" bold="true" box="[312,474,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFA13137B4B50D0FE7FB5F2" box="[312,437,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
—
</emphasis>
ZUEC 620, adult female collected at Praia Domingas Dias, Municipality of Ubatuba (
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFA13137BB650FBFDFBB58D" box="[453,561,1722,1748]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-23.433332">23°26’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFA1313784C50FBFD7CB58D" box="[575,694,1722,1748]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="925" value="-45.066666">45°04’ W</geoCoordinate>
), State of São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFA131379C450FBFBC8B58D" box="[951,1026,1722,1748]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA13137E4650FBFB21B58D" box="[1077,1259,1722,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1971-01-09">9 January 1971</date>
by I. Sazima and M. Schneider; ZUEC 2617, adult female collected at Praia Domingas Dias, Municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFA13137953514BFCA1B47D" box="[800,875,1802,1828]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, on
<date id="FFA83FE8FFFA131379EF514BFB94B47D" box="[924,1118,1802,1828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1973-03-03" valueMax="1973-03-07" valueMin="1973-03-03">3–7 March 1973</date>
by I. Sazima, M. Sazima, and
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFA13137BED5173FE7CB415" box="[414,438,1842,1868]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">O</collectingCountry>
. C. de Oliveira.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFB13127B4B575AFBBBB28F" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B4B575AFE04B26C" bold="true" box="[312,462,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127BAE575DFD31B26C" box="[477,763,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127BAE575DFD31B26C" box="[477,763,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279A1575DFB1CB26C" box="[978,1238,284,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signifer">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279A1575DFB1CB26C" box="[978,1238,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus signifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127B295705FE3BB207" author="Lynch" box="[346,497,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1970) Systematic status of the American leptodactylid frog genera Engystomops, Eupemphix, and Physalaemus. Copeia, 1970 (3), 488 - 496." type="journal article" year="1970">Lynch, 1970</bibRefCitation>
), and is characterized by the following set of characters: (1) small size (males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB13127B2E572DFDCDB2DF" box="[349,519,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" metricValueMax="2.21" metricValueMin="2.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="21.1" valueMax="22.1" valueMin="20.1">20.1–22.1 mm</quantity>
SVL, females 21.0–
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB13127884572DFC95B2DF" box="[759,863,364,390]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3899999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="23.9">23.9 mm</quantity>
SVL); (2) canthus rostralis distinct; (3) dorsal skin texture smooth to slightly rugose; (4) belly orange in life; (5) pulsed advertisement call with duration of 0.6–
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFB1312780757FDFD6DB28F" box="[628,679,444,470]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" precision="555" value="-0.84">0.84</geoCoordinate>
s and frequency between 0.9–1.8 kHz.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFB13127B4B57A2FDBFB56F" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B4B57A2FD22B2A4" bold="true" box="[312,744,483,509]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comparison with other species—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312788757A5FBC5B2A4" box="[756,1039,484,509]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312788757A5FBC5B2A4" box="[756,1039,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127ECF57A5FE9BB17C" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127ECF57A5FE9BB17C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. bokermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size (
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127849544DFD2CB17C" box="[570,742,524,549]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bokermanni">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127849544DFD2CB17C" box="[570,742,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. bokermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 15.9–17.0 mm SVL;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127E31544DFE8CB117" author="Cardoso" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Cardoso, A. J. &amp; Haddad C. F. B. (1985) Nova especie de Physalaemus do grupo signiferus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 45 (1 / 2), 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985">Cardoso &amp; Haddad 1985</bibRefCitation>
), advertisement call with lower frequencies, longer duration, higher pulse rate, and higher number of pulses/call, (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127805541DFC62B12F" author="Cardoso" box="[630,936,604,630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Cardoso, A. J. &amp; Haddad C. F. B. (1985) Nova especie de Physalaemus do grupo signiferus (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 45 (1 / 2), 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="1985">Cardoso &amp; Haddad 1985</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279CE541DFB1FB12C" box="[957,1237,604,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279CE541DFB1FB12C" box="[957,1237,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B3B54C5FE55B1C4" box="[328,415,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. c a e t e</emphasis>
by its smaller size (
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131278FE54C5FD22B1C4" box="[653,744,644,669]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caete">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131278FE54C5FD22B1C4" box="[653,744,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. caete</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB1312794954C5FC2EB1C7" box="[826,996,644,670]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.465" metricValueMax="2.58" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="24.65" valueMax="25.8" valueMin="23.5">23.5–25.8 mm</quantity>
SVL;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127E4154C5FE8CB19F" author="Pombal" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Pombal, Jr., J. P. &amp; Madureira, C. (1997) A new species of Physalaemus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of northeastern Brazil. Alytes, 15 (3), 105 - 112." type="journal article" year="1997">Pombal &amp; Madureira 1997</bibRefCitation>
), snout more acuminate, smoother dorsal skin, and more pigmented chest.
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127EC654EDFE78B1B4" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127EC654EDFE78B1B4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131278235495FD1EB1B4" box="[592,724,724,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131278235495FD1EB1B4" box="[592,724,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. crombiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its slightly larger size (
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127E635495FB5EB1B4" box="[1040,1172,724,749]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127E635495FB5EB1B4" box="[1040,1172,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. crombiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males 18.9– 20.0 mm SVL;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127BB354BDFD65B04F" author="Heyer" box="[448,687,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Heyer, W. R. &amp; Wolf, A. J. (1989) Physalaemus crombiei (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), a new frog species from Espirito Santo, Brazil with comments on the P. signiferus group. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 500 - 506." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyer &amp; Wolf 1989</bibRefCitation>
), its narrower snout, belly orange (pinkish in
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127EBB54BDFEF9B064" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crombiei">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127EBB54BDFEF9B064" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. crombiei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), advertisement call without a set of notes, with longer duration, and with lower pulse rate (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127B30550DFDFBB03F" author="Heyer" box="[323,561,844,870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Heyer, W. R. &amp; Wolf, A. J. (1989) Physalaemus crombiei (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), a new frog species from Espirito Santo, Brazil with comments on the P. signiferus group. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 500 - 506." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyer &amp; Wolf 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279ED550DFB90B03C" box="[926,1114,844,869]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculiventris">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279ED550DFB90B03C" box="[926,1114,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. maculiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB13127EC5550DFEFFB0D7" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.975" metricValueMax="2.09" metricValueMin="1.86" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="19.75" valueMax="20.9" valueMin="18.6">18.6–20.9 mm</quantity>
SVL;
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127BF45535FE5CB0D4" box="[391,406,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
= 5) by having a broad head and snout, snout less acuminate in dorsal view, ventral blotches absent (very conspicuous in
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312796655DDFC1AB0EC" box="[789,976,924,949]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculiventris">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312796655DDFC1AB0EC" box="[789,976,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. maculiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and advertisement call with lower frequencies and longer duration (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB131278AA5585FC61B087" author="Heyer" box="[729,939,964,990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Heyer, W. R., Rand, A. S., Cruz, C. A. G., Peixoto, O. L. &amp; Nelson, C. E. (1990) Frogs of Boraceia." type="book" year="1990">Heyer et al. 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279B35585FB1DB084" box="[960,1239,964,989]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279B35585FB1DB084" box="[960,1239,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127B3A55ADFE18B75C" box="[329,466,1004,1029]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="moreirae">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B3A55ADFE18B75C" box="[329,466,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. moreirae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its smaller size (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131278B255ADFC8FB75C" box="[705,837,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. m o re i r a e</emphasis>
males 25.0–27.0 mm SVL;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127EEA55ADFAECB75F" author="Heyer" box="[1177,1318,1004,1030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1985) New species of frogs from Boraceia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 98 (3), 657 - 671." type="journal article" year="1985">Heyer 1985</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127B5A5255FE0AB774" box="[297,448,1044,1069]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franciscae">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B5A5255FE0AB774" box="[297,448,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. franciscae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), snout narrower and more acuminate, and advertisement call with higher frequencies, without a set of notes, and with lower pulse rate (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127E79527DFB51B70F" author="Heyer" box="[1034,1179,1084,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1985) New species of frogs from Boraceia, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 98 (3), 657 - 671." type="journal article" year="1985">Heyer 1985</bibRefCitation>
, as
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127EBC527DFE9BB724" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. f r a n  ciscae</emphasis>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127B155225FDABB727" author="Heyer" box="[358,609,1124,1150]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Heyer, W. R. &amp; Wolf, A. J. (1989) Physalaemus crombiei (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), a new frog species from Espirito Santo, Brazil with comments on the P. signiferus group. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 500 - 506." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyer &amp; Wolf 1989</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131278E45225FCF9B724" box="[663,819,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="franciscae">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131278E45225FCF9B724" box="[663,819,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. franciscae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279235225FBA0B724" box="[848,1130,1124,1149]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279235225FBA0B724" box="[848,1130,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB13127F665225FE84B7FC" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127F665225FE84B7FC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size (
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312785B52CDFD41B7FC" box="[552,651,1164,1189]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312785B52CDFD41B7FC" box="[552,651,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB131278AD52CDFC43B7FF" box="[734,905,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8049999999999997" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.7899999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="18.049999999999997" valueMax="18.2" valueMin="17.9">17.9–18.2 mm</quantity>
SVL,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279A552CDFC2FB7FC" box="[982,997,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
= 5), eyes more prominent, chest more pigmented, belly orange (yellow in
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312794352F5FC59B794" box="[816,915,1204,1229]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nanus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312794352F5FC59B794" box="[816,915,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. nanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, CFBH personal observation), and advertisement call with longer duration, lower frequencies, and without a set of notes (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127B635345FDF2B647" author="Haddad" box="[272,568,1284,1310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. &amp; Pombal Jr., J. P. (1998) Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (4), 557 - 565." type="journal article" year="1998">Haddad &amp; Pombal 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312783D5345FCAFB644" box="[590,869,1284,1309]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312783D5345FCAFB644" box="[590,869,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127E755345FBB1B644" box="[1030,1147,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. s i g n i f e r</emphasis>
by its slightly smaller size (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127BD5536DFDD3B61C" box="[422,537,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. s i g n i f e r</emphasis>
males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB13127802536DFCD6B61F" box="[625,796,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.53" metricValueMin="2.07" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="23.0" valueMax="25.3" valueMin="20.7">20.7–25.3 mm</quantity>
SVL,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127919536DFCB3B61C" box="[874,889,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n</emphasis>
= 5), snout more acuminate, smaller black spot on inguinal glands, and advertisement call with higher frequencies and pulsed structure (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127BF2533DFD9FB6CF" author="Bokermann" box="[385,597,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Bokermann, W. C. A. (1966) Dos nuevas especies de Physalaemus de Espiritu Santo, Brasil. Physis, 26, 193 - 202." type="journal article" year="1966">Bokermann 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127817533DFC88B6CF" author="Wogel" box="[612,834,1404,1430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refString="Wogel, H., Abrunhosa, P. A. &amp; Pombal Jr., J. P. (2002) Atividade reprodutiva de Physalaemus signifer (Anura, Leptodactylidae) em ambiente temporario. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 92 (2), 57 - 70" type="journal article" year="2002">Wogel et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB131279C8533DFB19B6CC" box="[955,1235,1404,1429]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB131279C8533DFB19B6CC" box="[955,1235,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the morphologically cryptic species
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFB1312788453E5FCBFB6E4" box="[759,885,1444,1469]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiniger">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312788453E5FCBFB6E4" box="[759,885,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. spiniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(males
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFB131279A653E5FB4AB6E7" box="[981,1152,1444,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.13" metricValueMin="1.71" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="19.2" valueMax="21.3" valueMin="17.1">17.1–21.3 mm</quantity>
SVL,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127EA353E5FE09B6BF" author="Haddad" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. &amp; Pombal Jr., J. P. (1998) Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (4), 557 - 565." type="journal article" year="1998">Haddad &amp; Pombal 1998</bibRefCitation>
), by its distinct advertisement call with longer duration, lower frequencies, and lower pulse rate (pulse rate of 396 pulses/s in
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB1312793D53B5FC0DB554" box="[846,967,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. s p i n i g e r</emphasis>
; C. F. B. Haddad unpublished data;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFB13127B3B505DFDA3B56F" author="Haddad" box="[328,617,1564,1590]" pageId="3" pageNumber="11" refString="Haddad, C. F. B. &amp; Pombal Jr., J. P. (1998) Redescription of Physalaemus spiniger (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and description of two new reproductive modes. Journal of Herpetology, 32 (4), 557 - 565." type="journal article" year="1998">Haddad &amp; Pombal 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFB13157B4B5005FDB2B1F8" blockId="3.[264,1323,283,1870]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,673]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFB13127B4B5005FDB2B507" bold="true" box="[312,632,1604,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description of holotype—</emphasis>
Body robust (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFB1312796C5005FCAEB507" box="[799,868,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,367,1292,1316]" captionTargetBox="[357,1245,582,1280]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[357,1303,581,1282]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Physalaemus atlanticus, CFBH 3221 (holotype), adult male in life from Núcleo Picinguaba, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. SVL = 20.5 mm" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168953/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); head wider than long; snout rounded and protruding in dorsal and lateral views, respectively (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFB131279E9502DFC2AB5DF" box="[922,992,1644,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[349,1228,757,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[292,1356,752,1800]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Physalaemus atlanticus CFBH 3221 (holotype). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A, B); nostril slightly protuberant and directed laterally; canthus rostralis distinct, slightly curved; loreal region slightly concave; eye slightly protuberant; tympanum indistinct; distinct supratympanic fold from tympanic region to shoulder; narrow and weak dorsolateral fold extending from posterior corner of eye to inguinal region; males with subgular vocal sac expanded externally and extending to border of chest; vocal slits present; choanae small, nearly round; tongue narrow, long; vomerine teeth absent; maxillary and premaxillary teeth present. Arms slender, forearms robust; fingers short; brown nuptial pad on thumb; subarticular tubercles single, protruding and rounded; outer metacarpal tubercle large and ovoid; inner metacarpal tubercle mediumsized and nearly elliptical; supernumerary tubercles small; finger tips slightly expanded; finger lengths I IV &lt;II &lt;III (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFC1315798357FFFBF2B281" box="[1008,1080,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[349,1228,757,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[292,1356,752,1800]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Physalaemus atlanticus CFBH 3221 (holotype). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). Legs moderately robust; tibia longer than thigh; tarsal fold weakly developed; foot with an inner metatarsal tubercle slightly protruding and ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle small, protruding, and rounded; well developed subarticular tubercles, single, protruding, and round to elliptical; toe tips slightly expanded; toe lengths I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFC131579B7541EFBC1B120" box="[964,1035,607,633]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[349,1228,757,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[292,1356,752,1800]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Physalaemus atlanticus CFBH 3221 (holotype). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Inguinal gland large; dorsal and ventral skin smooth.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6949A0FFFC13157B7B5150FD21B412" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[349,1228,757,1779]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFC13157B7B5150FD21B412" blockId="4.[264,1324,1809,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFC13157B7B5150FE41B470" bold="true" box="[264,395,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFC13157BE65150FD5FB471" box="[405,661,1809,1832]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFC13157BE65150FD5FB471" box="[405,661,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CFBH 3221 (holotype). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147B4B575AFDD1B12F" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B4B575AFCFDB26C" bold="true" box="[312,823,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Color of the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFD13147B90575AFD84B26C" box="[483,590,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in preservative—
</emphasis>
Dorsum light brown with a dark brown interorbital bar; on the shoulder there is a dark brown arrow pointing to the head followed by three branches starting at the posterior part of the arrow; the two lateral branches end over the black spots on the inguinal gland, and the middle branch ends before the cloaca, where it bifurcates; a white line on the dorsolateral fold; flanks below dorsolateral fold dark brown; forearm light brown, with dark brown stain; elbow dark brown; thigh, tibia, and foot light brown, similar to the color of dorsum; dark brown transverse bar on thigh, tibia, and tarsus; cloacal region and posterior surface of thigh dark brown; belly cream; chest and throat brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147B4B54C5FB0CB03F" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B4B54C5FD73B1C7" bold="true" box="[312,697,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Color in life of the holotype—</emphasis>
Dorsum light brown; dorsal marks (interorbital bar and arrow) brown bordered by a whitish line; dark brown lateral stripe from posterior corner of eye through tympanic region to groin; groin orange; inguinal gland with two black spots; forearm, thigh, tibia, and foot light brown with a dark brown transverse bar; chest and throat dark brown with white spots; belly, axilla, and ventral surfaces of thigh, tibia, foot, and arm orange; anal region black; iris brown with dark brown reticulations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147B4B5535FC7EB0EF" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B4B5535FCD0B0D7" bold="true" box="[312,794,884,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Measurements of the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFD131478365535FD7BB0D7" box="[581,689,884,910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(mm)—
</emphasis>
SVL 20.5, HL 5.8, HW 7.0, TD 1.1, ED 2.0, IOD 2.4,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFD13147B0555DDFE78B0EF" box="[374,434,924,950]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">END</collectingCountry>
1.8,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFD13147B9E55DDFDEBB0EF" box="[493,545,924,950]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IND</collectingCountry>
1.8, THL 9.7, TBL 10.2, FL 10.3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147B4B5585FD01B797" blockId="5.[264,1323,283,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B4B5585FD67B087" bold="true" box="[312,685,964,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Variation in the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFD131478785585FD8BB087" box="[523,577,964,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
series—
</emphasis>
The tympanum varies from indistinct to weakly distinct. Coloration of the dorsum varies from light brown to gray. Interorbital bar and arrowshaped mark sometimes with a narrow light border. In life and preservative, the dorsal marks are not evident in some specimens. Dorsal skin texture varies from smooth to slightly rugose. Females are significantly larger (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD131479385225FC97B724" box="[843,861,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.037) than males. Forearms are slen der in females. Females lack vocal sac and vocal slits. Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D10D2A1FFFD13147EFB52CDFB3FB7FF" box="[1160,1269,1164,1190]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
and eight females are presented in
<tableCitation id="C6942C93FFFD1314781E52F5FD0FB797" box="[621,709,1204,1230]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[264,352,1283,1307]" captionTargetBox="[303,1273,1425,1894]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of measurements (in mm) of males and females of the type series of Physalaemus atlanticus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6949A0FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF6949A0FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6949A0FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A" ID-Table-UUID="DF6949A0FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6949A0FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[303,1273,1425,1894]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147B7B5342FDE3B61A" blockId="5.[264,1323,1283,1347]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B7B5342FEBEB642" bold="true" box="[264,372,1283,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Descriptive statistics of measurements (in mm) of males and females of the type series of
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFD13147B56536AFDEBB61B" box="[293,545,1323,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147B56536AFDEBB61B" box="[293,545,1323,1346]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD131778525328FE54B12F" blockId="5.[545,1171,1385,1406]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,283,630]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Males (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD1314781A5328FDBFB627" box="[617,629,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 10) Females (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147E295328FBACB627" box="[1114,1126,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">n</emphasis>
= 8)
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE13177B4B575AFE30B26C" bold="true" box="[312,506,283,309]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vocalizations—</emphasis>
Advertisement calls are given frequently (approximately 48 calls/ min). The advertisement call is composed of one pulsed note with mean duration of
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFE13177E965705FAE1B207" box="[1253,1323,324,350]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="555" value="-0.67">0.67 s</geoCoordinate>
(SD = 0.07, range = 0.6–
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFE1317784B572DFDA1B2DF" box="[568,619,364,390]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="555" value="-0.84">0.84</geoCoordinate>
s,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE131778E2572DFD6AB2DC" box="[657,672,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 17 vocalizations from
<specimenCount id="9D10D2A1FFFE131779A2572DFBE5B2DF" box="[977,1071,364,390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
) and with a mean of 82.3 pulses/call (SD = 8.0, range = 74–98,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE1317797B57D5FCDDB2F4" box="[776,791,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 12 vocalizations from
<specimenCount id="9D10D2A1FFFE13177E3057D5FB69B2F7" box="[1091,1187,404,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
); pulse rate about 122 pulses/s; pulse duration about
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFE1317788857FDFC9FB28F" box="[763,853,444,470]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="-0.005">0.005 s</geoCoordinate>
; interpulse interval generally less than
<geoCoordinate id="EE227FEFFFFE13177B7B57A5FE95B2A7" box="[264,351,484,510]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="55" value="-0.005">0.005 s</geoCoordinate>
; the pulses generally are isolated, but some pulses are in pairs or trios; in the final part of the vocalization a mean number of 17.3 pulses (SD = 2.7, range = 13–21,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE13177EAF544DFB21B17C" box="[1244,1259,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">n</emphasis>
= 12 vocalizations from
<specimenCount id="9D10D2A1FFFE13177B9E5475FD80B117" box="[493,586,564,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
) are grouped. Frequency between approximately 0.9–1.8 kHz (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFE13177B62541DFE9EB12F" box="[273,340,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[353,1213,714,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[306,1252,712,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Advertisement calls of Physalaemus atlanticus from the type locality. (A) Spectrogram of an isolated call, (B) waveform of the previous call (voucher specimen CFBH 3221, holotype), and (C) waveform of two overlapped calls emitted by two interacting males; air temperature = 28 ° C, water temperature = 27 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168954/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFD13147BB153D9FB38B43F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<table id="F916EB88FFFDECEE7B5C53D0FB33B43F" box="[303,1273,1425,1894]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C53D0FB33B6E9" box="[303,1273,1425,1456]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC153D0FE16B6E9" box="[434,476,1425,1456]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD13147BB153D9FE07B6F4" box="[450,461,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE784453D0FD9CB6E9" box="[567,598,1425,1456]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SD</th>
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C453D0FCDDB6E9" box="[695,791,1425,1456]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Range</th>
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E253D0FC71B6E9" box="[913,955,1425,1456]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFD131479DF53DAFC7DB6E9" box="[940,951,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">x</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E6453D0FBFCB6E9" box="[1047,1078,1425,1456]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SD</th>
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA53D0FB33B6E9" box="[1177,1273,1425,1456]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Range</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5383FB33B68E" box="[303,1273,1474,1495]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5383FEAAB68E" box="[303,352,1474,1495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SVL</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15383FE16B68E" box="[434,476,1474,1495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445383FD9CB68E" box="[567,598,1474,1495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.8</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45383FCDDB68E" box="[695,791,1474,1495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">20.1–22.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25383FC71B68E" box="[913,955,1474,1495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">22.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645383FBFCB68E" box="[1047,1078,1474,1495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5383FB33B68E" box="[1177,1273,1474,1495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">21.0–23.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C53ABFB33B6A6" box="[303,1273,1514,1535]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C53ABFEAAB6A6" box="[303,352,1514,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">HL</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC153ABFE16B6A6" box="[434,476,1514,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.0</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE784453ABFD9CB6A6" box="[567,598,1514,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C453ABFCDDB6A6" box="[695,791,1514,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.6–6.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E253ABFC71B6A6" box="[913,955,1514,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E6453ABFBFCB6A6" box="[1047,1078,1514,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA53ABFB33B6A6" box="[1177,1273,1514,1535]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5.7–7.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5053FB33B57E" box="[303,1273,1554,1575]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5053FEAAB57E" box="[303,352,1554,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">HW</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15053FE16B57E" box="[434,476,1554,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445053FD9CB57E" box="[567,598,1554,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45053FCDDB57E" box="[695,791,1554,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.0–7.5</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25053FC71B57E" box="[913,955,1554,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645053FBFCB57E" box="[1047,1078,1554,1575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5053FB33B57E" box="[1177,1273,1554,1575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6.5–7.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C507BFB33B516" box="[303,1273,1594,1615]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C507BFEAAB516" box="[303,352,1594,1615]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TD</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC1507BFE16B516" box="[434,476,1594,1615]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7844507BFD9CB516" box="[567,598,1594,1615]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C4507BFCDDB516" box="[695,791,1594,1615]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.0–1.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E2507BFC71B516" box="[913,955,1594,1615]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E64507BFBFCB516" box="[1047,1078,1594,1615]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA507BFB33B516" box="[1177,1273,1594,1615]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.9–1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5020FB33B52F" box="[303,1273,1633,1654]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5020FEAAB52F" box="[303,352,1633,1654]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ED</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15020FE16B52F" box="[434,476,1633,1654]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445020FD9CB52F" box="[567,598,1633,1654]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45020FCDDB52F" box="[695,791,1633,1654]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0–2.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25020FC71B52F" box="[913,955,1633,1654]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645020FBFCB52F" box="[1047,1078,1633,1654]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5020FB33B52F" box="[1177,1273,1633,1654]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0–2.4</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C50C8FB33B5C7" box="[303,1273,1673,1694]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C50C8FEAAB5C7" box="[303,352,1673,1694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IOD</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC150C8FE16B5C7" box="[434,476,1673,1694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE784450C8FD9CB5C7" box="[567,598,1673,1694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C450C8FCDDB5C7" box="[695,791,1673,1694]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.0–2.6</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E250C8FC71B5C7" box="[913,955,1673,1694]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E6450C8FBFCB5C7" box="[1047,1078,1673,1694]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA50C8FB33B5C7" box="[1177,1273,1673,1694]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.1–2.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C50F0FB33B59F" box="[303,1273,1713,1734]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C50F0FEAAB59F" box="[303,352,1713,1734]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">END</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC150F0FE16B59F" box="[434,476,1713,1734]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.8</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE784450F0FD9CB59F" box="[567,598,1713,1734]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C450F0FCDDB59F" box="[695,791,1713,1734]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.6–1.9</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E250F0FC71B59F" box="[913,955,1713,1734]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.8</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E6450F0FBFCB59F" box="[1047,1078,1713,1734]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA50F0FB33B59F" box="[1177,1273,1713,1734]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.7–1.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5098FB33B5B7" box="[303,1273,1753,1774]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5098FEAAB5B7" box="[303,352,1753,1774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IND</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15098FE16B5B7" box="[434,476,1753,1774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.9</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445098FD9CB5B7" box="[567,598,1753,1774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45098FCDDB5B7" box="[695,791,1753,1774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.8–2.0</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25098FC71B5B7" box="[913,955,1753,1774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.9</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645098FBFCB5B7" box="[1047,1078,1753,1774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5098FB33B5B7" box="[1177,1273,1753,1774]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1.8–2.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5140FB33B44F" box="[303,1273,1793,1814]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5140FEAAB44F" box="[303,352,1793,1814]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">THL</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15140FE16B44F" box="[434,476,1793,1814]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445140FD9CB44F" box="[567,598,1793,1814]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.5</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45140FCDDB44F" box="[695,791,1793,1814]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.7–11.1</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25140FC71B44F" box="[913,955,1793,1814]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645140FBFCB44F" box="[1047,1078,1793,1814]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.3</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5140FB33B44F" box="[1177,1273,1793,1814]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.9–10.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5168FB33B467" box="[303,1273,1833,1854]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5168FEAAB467" box="[303,352,1833,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">TBL</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15168FE16B467" box="[434,476,1833,1854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445168FD9CB467" box="[567,598,1833,1854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.5</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45168FCDDB467" box="[695,791,1833,1854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.7–11.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25168FC71B467" box="[913,955,1833,1854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.7</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645168FBFCB467" box="[1047,1078,1833,1854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5168FB33B467" box="[1177,1273,1833,1854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.1–11.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35261B6AFFFDECEE7B5C5110FB33B43F" box="[303,1273,1873,1894]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<th id="76F77216FFFDECEE7B5C5110FEAAB43F" box="[303,352,1873,1894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FL</th>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7BC15110FE16B43F" box="[434,476,1873,1894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78445110FD9CB43F" box="[567,598,1873,1894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.5</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE78C45110FCDDB43F" box="[695,791,1873,1894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.6–11.2</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE79E25110FC71B43F" box="[913,955,1873,1894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">10.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7E645110FBFCB43F" box="[1047,1078,1873,1894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">0.4</td>
<td id="76F77216FFFDECEE7EEA5110FB33B43F" box="[1177,1273,1873,1894]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">9.7–11.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6949A0FFFE13177B7B50A7FD85B43E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168954/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[353,1213,714,1746]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFE13177B7B50A7FD85B43E" blockId="6.[264,1323,1766,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE13177B7B50A7FE43B5A7" bold="true" box="[264,393,1766,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Advertisement calls of
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFE131778F550A6FC4BB5A7" box="[646,897,1767,1790]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFE131778F550A6FC4BB5A7" box="[646,897,1767,1790]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the type locality. (A) Spectrogram of an isolated call, (B) waveform of the previous call (voucher specimen CFBH 3221, holotype), and (C) waveform of two overlapped calls emitted by two interacting males; air temperature = 28 °C, water temperature = 27°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13167B4B575DFB8AB17F" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Two
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167B04575DFE7FB26F" box="[375,437,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">types</typeStatus>
of interactions were identified when two neighbor males were emitting advertisement calls: (1) synchronized alternation and (2) synchronized partial overlap (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFF13167B62572DFE9CB2DF" box="[273,342,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,367,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[353,1213,714,1746]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[306,1252,712,1758]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Advertisement calls of Physalaemus atlanticus from the type locality. (A) Spectrogram of an isolated call, (B) waveform of the previous call (voucher specimen CFBH 3221, holotype), and (C) waveform of two overlapped calls emitted by two interacting males; air temperature = 28 ° C, water temperature = 27 ° C." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168954/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C). In the first
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167872572DFDF9B2DF" box="[513,563,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
a male intercalates its call in the interval between two calls of its neighbor; this is repeated up to five times before the second
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF131679BB57D5FC30B2F7" box="[968,1018,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
starts. In the second
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167E8257D5FAECB2F7" box="[1265,1318,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
, a male superimposes the initial part of its calls to the final part of the calls of its neighbor; this interaction can be repeated 10 or more times in a series. The first
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167E4657A5FBA2B2A7" box="[1077,1128,484,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
corresponded to 39% and the second
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167B89544DFDE7B17F" box="[506,557,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
to 61% of the analyzed interactions (
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167997544DFC39B17C" box="[996,1011,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 33).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13167B4B5472FD3BB777" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167B4B5472FE0FB114" bold="true" box="[312,453,563,589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tadpoles—</emphasis>
Larvae were obtained in ponds and from a foam nest collected at the
<typeStatus id="54ADA78AFFFF13167E8B5475FAE1B117" box="[1272,1323,564,590]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality and reared in laboratory. The following description is based on five tadpoles (CFBH 6295) in developmental stage 37 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFF1316788554C5FC59B1C7" author="Gosner" box="[758,915,644,670]" pageId="7" pageNumber="11" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner 1960</bibRefCitation>
). Body ovoid in dorsal and ventral views (4A, C), depressed/globular in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFF1316791654EDFC64B19F" box="[869,942,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[443,1138,406,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[301,1247,393,1574]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tadpole of Physalaemus atlanticus, stage 37, from the type locality. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views; (D) oral disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B); body wider than high; snout rounded; eyes small, dorsolateral; nostrils dorsal, small and rounded; nostrils about midway between the eyes and the tip of snout; spiracle sinistral, its opening posterior to the middle of body; cloacal tube medium sized, medial; caudal musculature slender; dorsal fin originating on body; dorsal fin wider than ventral fin. Oral disc directed ventrally, laterally indented, and bordered by one or two rows of small papillae, interrupted along a large area on the anterior labium; tooth row formula 2 (2)/3 (1); jaw sheath strongly developed and serrate; posterior jaw sheath vshaped (
<figureCitation id="132D05ADFFFF1316789D5585FCF1B087" box="[750,827,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[264,367,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[443,1138,406,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[301,1247,393,1574]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tadpole of Physalaemus atlanticus, stage 37, from the type locality. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views; (D) oral disc." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157333/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
D). In preservative, dorsum pale brown; throat and belly transparent; caudal musculature with scattered pale brown pigmentation; fins transparent with scattered white dots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13167B4B527DFDD6B647" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Five tadpoles in developmental stage 37 measured (range, average, SD): total length 19.2–21.2 (20.2, 0.89); body length 6.5–7.5 (7.01, 0.38); body height 3.2–3.9 (3.49, 0.24); body width 4.6–5.4 (5.01, 0.37); internarial distance 0.75–0.90 (0.82, 0.05); interorbital distance 1.1–1.3 (1.16, 0.11); eyenostril distance 0.6–0.7 (0.63, 0.03); eye diameter 0.8– 0.9 (0.8, 0.04). Newly metamorphosed individuals averaged
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFF1316799D529DFB87B7AF" box="[1006,1101,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="8.1">8.1 mm</quantity>
SVL (SD = 0.26, range = 7.8–8.4,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167BBC5345FE14B644" box="[463,478,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13167B4B536DFAE0B6BF" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167B4B536DFE24B61F" bold="true" box="[312,494,1324,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFF13167B8D536DFCD6B61C" box="[510,796,1324,1349]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167B8D536DFCD6B61C" box="[510,796,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the municipality of Ubatuba, in the northern coast of São Paulo State,
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFFF1316792F5315FC62B637" box="[860,936,1364,1390]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. All the specimens collected and observed were near the sea shore at an altitude of
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFF1316793D533DFC68B6CF" box="[846,930,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="0.0">0–50m</quantity>
, associated with ponds or leaf litter from the coastal plain forest in the Atlantic rain forest. The restricted distribution of the new species is characteristic of other species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFF13167913538DFC1CB6BC" box="[864,982,1484,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signifer">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167913538DFC1CB6BC" box="[864,982,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. signifer</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFFF13167E43538DFAD7B6BF" author="Heyer" box="[1072,1309,1484,1510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="12" refString="Heyer, W. R. &amp; Wolf, A. J. (1989) Physalaemus crombiei (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), a new frog species from Espirito Santo, Brazil with comments on the P. signiferus group. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 102 (2), 500 - 506." type="journal article" year="1989">Heyer &amp; Wolf 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13167B4B53B5FAD7B58F" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167B4B53B5FD36B557" bold="true" box="[312,764,1524,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Reproduction and natural history—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFFF1316797753B5FBD1B554" box="[772,1051,1524,1549]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF1316797753B5FBD1B554" box="[772,1051,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reproduces throughout the rainy season (October–February) near places on the forest floor subject to flooding. Males call at the edges of forest ponds, in most cases from under the leaf litter. The eggs are embedded in a foam nest built on the water surface and anchored to the margins of ponds or, alternatively, on the wet leaf litter near the ponds. Embryos develop within the foam mass, and exotrophic tadpoles develop in small ponds or rock crevices (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFFF13197B4B50A5FEA0B207" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,1870]" lastBlockId="8.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The mean number of eggs per foam nest is 80.9 (SD = 25.9, range = 51–124,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167EA950A5FB23B5A4" box="[1242,1257,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
= 8). Eggs are unpigmented, with average diameter of
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFF13167934514DFC6AB47F" box="[839,928,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
(SD = 0.13, range =
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFF13167EE4514DFAEDB47F" box="[1175,1319,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.9 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFFF13167B7B5175FEDDB414" box="[264,279,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">n</emphasis>
=
<specimenCount id="9D10D2A1FFFF13167B4A5175FE5FB417" box="[313,405,1844,1870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="egg">60 eggs</specimenCount>
from six clutches), and with thin capsules of about
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFFF13167E725175FB96B417" box="[1025,1116,1844,1870]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter. One egg clutch reared in laboratory from stage 1 (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8764D9FFF01319796C575DFC70B26F" author="Gosner" box="[799,954,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" refString="Gosner, K. L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner 1960</bibRefCitation>
) started to metamorphose after 23 days.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6949A0FFF013197B7B5071FD11B533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157333/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[443,1138,406,1563]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFF013197B7B5071FD11B533" blockId="8.[264,1322,1584,1642]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF013197B7B5071FE41B511" bold="true" box="[264,395,1584,1608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Tadpole of
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF0131978615071FCDAB51E" box="[530,784,1584,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF0131978615071FCDAB51E" box="[530,784,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stage 37, from the type locality. (A) Dorsal, (B) lateral, and (C) ventral views; (D) oral disc.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFF013187B4B50DCFE0CB117" blockId="8.[264,1322,1693,1879]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,830]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
We observed couples of
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF01319782A50DFFD21B5EE" box="[601,747,1694,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF01319782A50DFFD21B5EE" box="[601,747,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
constructing foam nests within crevices atop the rocky seashore, close to the forest edge. The crevices held water throughout the rainy season and leaves and plant debris accumulated there, providing nourishment for microorganisms, immature aquatic phases of terrestrial insects, and presumably for the tadpoles as well. Besides tadpoles of
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF01319784F517FFC99B40E" box="[572,851,1854,1879]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF01319784F517FFC99B40E" box="[572,851,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we found tadpoles of the hylid
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF013187EAF517FFEF0B26C" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Scinax" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hayi">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF013187EAF517FFEF0B26C" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Scinax hayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scraping on the plant debris within these microponds. We recorded as many as seven foam nests in a crevice about
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFF1131878105705FD61B207" box="[611,683,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEEB4CDFFF1131878865705FCF7B207" box="[757,829,324,350]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
wide, and
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deep. These were adherent to each other and formed a single large mass. On three occasions we observed two couples constructing their foam nests close to each other; both clutches adhered to each other at the end of the process. On a smaller crevice, a single male attracted two females on the same night, and the formed couples constructed two foam nests that adhered to each other. During the foam nest construction the male kicks his legs alternately while in amplexus with the female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFF113187B4B541DFB37B19F" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
We observed predation on
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF11318780A541DFC5BB12C" box="[633,913,604,629]" class="Amphibia" family="Leiuperidae" genus="Physalaemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlanticus">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF11318780A541DFC5BB12C" box="[633,913,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Physalaemus atlanticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by snakes twice. A gravid female was found in the gut of an adult
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF1131878D754C5FBCCB1C7" box="[676,1030,644,670]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Liophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miliaris">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF1131878D754C5FCA8B1C4" box="[676,866,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Liophis miliaris</emphasis>
(Colubridae)
</taxonomicName>
, and an adult male was observed while being swallowed by a juvenile
<taxonomicName id="4C1662ABFFF11318795E54EDFB58B19F" box="[813,1170,684,710]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jararaca">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF11318795E54EDFBCCB19C" box="[813,1030,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Bothrops jararaca</emphasis>
(Viperidae)
</taxonomicName>
at dawn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA91928FFF113187B4B5495FDC2B067" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B962C53AFFF113187B4B5495FE16B1B7" bold="true" box="[312,476,724,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Etymology—</emphasis>
The specific name, a Latinized adjective, refers to the habitat of the new species, the Atlantic rain forest in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F30159B8FFF11318792754BDFC55B04F" box="[852,927,764,790]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, where the new species may be found at the seashore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>