212 lines
26 KiB
XML
212 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="1611D2ED3ADB6178EADE569B499EAEB8" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8389307" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1695979127173" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2023" docId="03B387DAFF9F1F0DFF50FB75FC0F8A5F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.614.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 614 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Thrinax Linnaeus f. ex Swartz 1788" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FF8AFFA2FFFF1F6FFFD8FFB9FFF9881B" masterDocTitle="A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1696265644834" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:title id="25139564CD679204A1D802EAFF5FB0D9">A revision of Coccothrinax, Hemithrinax, Leucothrinax, Thrinax, and Zombia (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="912F32BD305B7503164E78D9A7CED37A">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="68D181AABAB6D472FDF08366D7A90E71">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FDF3B915A524155597621BC61D754977">
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<mods:date id="8554E30C8CCAF2A14E8FC710A15FE348">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="780F3EDBBEDBD4CC16BD52E299C0F540">2023-09-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EBDC7B6AE429B10433319EF8B8774A40">614</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="AE1DA2B40ECB426C683000ED15D45BB8">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="E1EED6667A2DC8E32E69A46943A28805" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.614.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6A61EEEE3228A87E3F3055F9BC4BDA8D" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B387DAFF9F1F0DFF50FB75FC0F8A5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B387DAFF9F1F0DFF50FB75FC0F8A5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B387DAFF9F1F0DFF50FB75FC0F8A5F" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FF9F1F0FFF50FB75FEF58CFD" box="[136,268,1228,1254]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0FFF50FB75FEF58CFD" blockId="96.[136,268,1228,1254]" box="[136,268,1228,1254]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<heading id="D0ED81A0FF9F1F0FFF50FB75FEF58CFD" bold="true" box="[136,268,1228,1254]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFF50FB75FEF58CFD" ID-CoL="8W46P" ID-ENA="115523" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[136,268,1228,1254]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFF50FB75FEF58CFD" bold="true" box="[136,268,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">THRINAX</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FF9F1F0FFF50FAADFC478D81" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0FFF50FAADFC478D81" blockId="96.[136,1452,1300,1435]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A11E2FF9F1F0FFF50FAADFC478D81" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB10DDFF9F1F0FFF50FAADFE5D8D34" author="Swartz, O." box="[136,420,1300,1327]" page=")" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1788">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFF50FAADFE5D8D34" ID-CoL="8W46P" authority="Swartz (1788: 57)" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityPageNumber="57" authorityYear="1788" box="[136,420,1300,1327]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFF50FAADFF188D35" box="[136,225,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thrinax</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFF3BFAADFE5D8D34" author="Swartz, O." box="[227,420,1300,1327]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref65008" refString="Swartz, O. (1788) Nova genera et species plantarum seu prodromus. In Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, 152 pp." type="book" year="1788">Swartz(1788:57)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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was the first genus of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFD74FAADFCFC8D35" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[684,773,1300,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFD74FAADFCFC8D35" box="[684,773,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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unit to be described.Swartz described
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFB45FAADFA978D35" authorityName="Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1181,1390,1300,1326]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFB45FAADFA978D35" box="[1181,1390,1300,1326]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thrinax parviflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="F30D765CFF9F1F0FFF50FA81FF1C8D49" box="[136,229,1336,1362]" name="Jamaica" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
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, and subsequently numerous other species were described, often of obscure origin. It was not until the revision of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFF7FFAE5FECA8D6C" author="Read, R." box="[167,307,1372,1399]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref64159" refString="Read, R. (1975) The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 19: 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 19" type="journal article" year="1975">Read (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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that the genus became well understood. Read recognized four species, one of which,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFB23FAE4FA888D6D" box="[1275,1393,1373,1398]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrisii">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFB23FAE4FA888D6D" box="[1275,1393,1373,1398]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. morrisii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was later recognized as a separate genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFDFEFA39FC408D81" authority="(Lewis & Zona 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Lewis & Zona" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[550,953,1408,1435]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Leucothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFDFEFA39FD428D81" box="[550,699,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Leucothrinax</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFD12FA39FC4B8D81" author="Lewis, C. & Zona, S." box="[714,946,1408,1435]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref62808" refString="Lewis, C. & Zona, S. (2008) Leucothrinax morrisii, a new name for a familiar Caribbean palm. Palms 52: 84 - 88." type="journal article" year="2008">Lewis & Zona 2008</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3006547FF9F1F0DFF50FA55FC0F8A5F" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0FFF50FA55FEDA8E1D" blockId="96.[136,291,1516,1542]" box="[136,291,1516,1542]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFF50FA55FEDA8E1D" bold="true" box="[136,291,1516,1542]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Morphology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0FFF50F98CFDB28E8D" blockId="96.[136,1452,1588,2083]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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In the following discussion, morphology is treated in detail and several attributes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFB97F98DFB518E55" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1103,1192,1588,1614]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFB97F98DFB518E55" box="[1103,1192,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thrinax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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not used in delimiting species are discussed. A detailed discussion of morphology is given in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFC78F9E1FBD28E68" author="Read, R." box="[928,1067,1624,1651]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref64159" refString="Read, R. (1975) The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 19: 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 19" type="journal article" year="1975">Read (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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and a detailed generic description can be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFEE4F9C5FDBF8E8D" author="Dransfield, J. & Uhl, N. & Asmussen, C. & Baker, W. & Harley, M. & Lewis, C." box="[316,582,1660,1686]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref61780" refString="Dransfield, J., Uhl, N., Asmussen, C., Baker, W., Harley, M. & Lewis, C. (2008) Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, U. K., 732 pp." type="book" year="2008">
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||
Dransfield
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFE62F9C4FE0B8E8D" box="[442,498,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2008)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0FFF65F919FAEF8F19" blockId="96.[136,1452,1588,2083]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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Stems are recorded as 1.5–18.0 m long and 5.0–24.0 cm diameter, and are always solitary. The 18.0 m length and 24.0 cm diameter records are from a specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFD1DF97CFCCD8EC5" authorityName="Loddiges ex Martius" authorityYear="1853" box="[709,820,1732,1758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFD1DF97CFCCD8EC5" box="[709,820,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. excelsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and this species has the largest stems and leaves (
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<figureCitation id="13212A49FF9F1F0FFAA6F97DFF448F19" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="97.[136,229,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-15@97.[150,1434,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 23. A. Thrinax excelsa. B. Thrinax radiata. C. Split leaf sheath bases. D. Seed in longitudinal section, intruded by the hilum from the base to the apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389435/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
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). For
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFF26F950FE928F19" authorityName="Loddiges ex Schultes & Schultes (1830:" authorityYear="1301" box="[254,363,1768,1794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFF26F950FE928F19" box="[254,363,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13212A49FF9F1F0FFEA3F951FE268F19" box="[379,479,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="97.[136,229,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-15@97.[150,1434,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 23. A. Thrinax excelsa. B. Thrinax radiata. C. Split leaf sheath bases. D. Seed in longitudinal section, intruded by the hilum from the base to the apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389435/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFDC6F950FD528F19" authorityName="Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[542,683,1768,1794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFDC6F950FD528F19" box="[542,683,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. parviflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, stems are a mean of
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FF9F1F0FFC46F951FC278F18" box="[926,990,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="3.3">3.3 m</quantity>
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long and
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FF9F1F0FFB95F951FB5E8F18" box="[1101,1191,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="cm" value="10.1">10.1 cm</quantity>
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diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9F1F0DFF65F8B5FE3D88C7" blockId="96.[136,1452,1588,2083]" lastBlockId="98.[136,1452,158,581]" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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Leaf sheaths are split at the base (
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<figureCitation id="13212A49FF9F1F0FFD9BF8B5FD528F3D" box="[579,683,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="97.[136,229,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-15@97.[150,1434,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 23. A. Thrinax excelsa. B. Thrinax radiata. C. Split leaf sheath bases. D. Seed in longitudinal section, intruded by the hilum from the base to the apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389435/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 23C</figureCitation>
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). Leaf sheath fibers are scored as thin (usually <
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<quantity id="4CE29B29FF9F1F0FFB01F8B5FAC88F3C" box="[1241,1329,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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diameter), flimsy, closely woven, forming ligules at the apices.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B4B3DFF9F1F0FFD3DF889FC888F50" author="Read, R." box="[741,881,1840,1867]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref64159" refString="Read, R. (1975) The genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 19: 1 - 98. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 0081024 x. 19" type="journal article" year="1975">Read (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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considered that the ligules of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFB16F888FAA48F51" authorityName="Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1230,1373,1840,1866]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFB16F888FAA48F51" box="[1230,1373,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. parviflora</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFA4FF888FF238F75" authorityName="Loddiges ex Martius" authorityYear="1853" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
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<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFA4FF888FF238F75" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. excelsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were similar and Ʌ-shaped at the apex, but that the ligules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFC5AF8ECFC178F75" authorityName="Loddiges ex Schultes & Schultes (1830:" authorityYear="1301" box="[898,1006,1876,1902]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFC5AF8ECFC178F75" box="[898,1006,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were different and were V-shaped at the apex. This difference has not been seen in the present study, because ligules soon disintegrate into separate fibers, and are seldom present on specimens. Adaxial hastulas are well-developed, particularly in some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFAC1F824FA5C8FAD" authorityName="Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[1305,1445,1948,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFAC1F824FA5C8FAD" box="[1305,1445,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. parviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Palmans are relatively long, without prominent adaxial veins. Middle leaf segments are relatively long and narrow with a shoulder distal to the palman apex, widest at the shoulder (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFC9AF85CFC288FE5" authorityName="Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[834,977,2020,2046]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="parviflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFC9AF85CFC288FE5" box="[834,977,2020,2046]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">T. parviflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), or relatively long and narrow without a shoulder distal to the palman, tapering gradually towards the apex and widest at palman apex (
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9F1F0FFB68F7B0FA628039" box="[1200,1435,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFB68F7B0FAD88039" authorityName="Loddiges ex Martius" authorityYear="1853" box="[1200,1313,2056,2082]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">T. excelsa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9F1F0FFAF5F7B0FA628039" authorityName="Loddiges ex Schultes & Schultes (1830:" authorityYear="1301" box="[1325,1435,2056,2082]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">T. radiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
). Leaf segments are without indumentum, but have large, scattered, brownish scales on the abaxial surface. Transverse veinlets are well-developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF656644FF9E1F0EFF50F8C4FE788FAC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8389435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389435/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" startId="97.[136,229,1917,1939]" targetBox="[151,1430,194,1891]" targetPageId="97" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9E1F0EFF50F8C4FE788FAC" blockId="97.[136,1451,1917,1975]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFF50F8C4FEFC8F89" bold="true" box="[136,261,1917,1939]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">FIGURE 23</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFECAF8C4FEDA8F89" bold="true" box="[274,291,1917,1938]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9E1F0EFEE8F8C4FE338F89" authorityName="Loddiges ex Martius" authorityYear="1853" box="[304,458,1917,1938]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="excelsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFEE8F8C4FE338F89" box="[304,458,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thrinax excelsa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFE0FF8C4FE1E8F89" bold="true" box="[471,487,1917,1938]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9E1F0EFE2CF8C4FD778F89" authorityName="Loddiges ex Schultes & Schultes (1830:" authorityYear="1301" box="[500,654,1917,1938]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="radiata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFE2CF8C4FD778F89" box="[500,654,1917,1938]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Thrinax radiata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFD43F8C4FD558F88" bold="true" box="[667,684,1917,1939]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Split leaf sheath bases.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9E1F0EFC46F8C4FC568F89" bold="true" box="[926,943,1917,1938]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Seed in longitudinal section, intruded by the hilum from the base to the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9D1F0DFF65FF5FFABA89AF" blockId="98.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Inflorescences are scored as erect, at least initially, amongst or above the leaves, with 6–15 partial inflorescences. Rachis bracts are swollen, woody, and densely reddish-brown tomentose, or closely sheathing, membranous, and brown tomentose. Rachises of the partial inflorescences are flattened in cross-section and rachillae are unevenly spaced, with some in groups. Rachillae are glabrous or granulose at or near anthesis. Pedicels are relatively well-developed and range, in fruiting specimens, from 0.6–5.0 mm long. Flowers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9D1F0DFCB3FECFFC3D898B" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[875,964,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9D1F0DFCB3FECFFC3D898B" box="[875,964,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Thrinax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are borne spirally along the rachillae. The perianth is a six-toothed cupule. There are 6–9, elongate, latrorse stamens that spread irregularly at anthesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9D1F0DFF65FE07FDDC89E7" blockId="98.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A4D4FFF9D1F0DFEFBFE07FE8589C3" authorityName="Linnaeus f. ex Swartz" authorityYear="1788" box="[291,380,446,472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Thrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EEADEFF9D1F0DFEFBFE07FE8589C3" box="[291,380,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Thrinax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
range in size from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B29FF9D1F0DFD8BFE07FD2389C2" box="[595,730,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="4.4">4.4–7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE29B29FF9D1F0DFC9FFE07FC3789C2" box="[839,974,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" unit="mm" value="5.85" valueMax="7.3" valueMin="4.4">4.4–7.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter. Fruits are white and the surfaces are smooth or with short projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA536CCFF9D1F0DFF65FDBFFC0F8A5F" blockId="98.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">
|
||
Seeds have smooth surfaces. As seen in longitudinal section, they are intruded by the hilum more than half way, usually from the base to the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13212A49FF9D1F0DFDD2FD93FD8B8A5F" box="[522,626,554,580]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="97.[136,229,1917,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,194,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-15@97.[150,1434,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="FIGURE 23. A. Thrinax excelsa. B. Thrinax radiata. C. Split leaf sheath bases. D. Seed in longitudinal section, intruded by the hilum from the base to the apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8389435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8389435/files/figure.png" pageId="98" pageNumber="99">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embryos are subapical to lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |