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<document id="615C029FCF60060E2A5C05CAD2917F8F" ID-CLB-Dataset="3776" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf0d1bc8-4e91-4ebb-8684-b8f9b4559169" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627251" ID-ZooBank="67C491FF-B85C-48B8-B843-04CDE418549F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1635492528503" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander, Norrbom, Allen L., Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo &amp; Balseiro, Francisco" docDate="2021" docId="03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5060.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5060 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhagoletis psalida Hendel 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="242" masterDocId="FF92CA27FFEDFFBAFFB61562FE08FF8A" masterDocTitle="New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae)" masterLastPageNumber="244" masterPageNumber="231" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1699467165438" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="587FBECA2C78723B00F143A399FDC29F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BBA771CB2DF6CC840EAAF8DEC3FD53E6">
<mods:title id="1CFBC46EC8CA1FE88C45E810D4F931FA">New species and host plant records for Neotropical Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="45B7C70FCA8DB2A8D8564BF628F06306" type="personal">
<mods:role id="44C21446D65298D6ED56BFD6ACED6BFE">
<mods:roleTerm id="40BA727A2EB3E0019219B71A1ED20C4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EFB7965AAE3AD49BC8E4EDEFF38DDF47">Rodriguez, Pedro Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DD4A11B49F618D0C6BE4F9CF1835A408">Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), C. I. Tibaitatá km 14 vía Bogotá Mosquera, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7579CB2D3DD9B98F57CD46401EC0B351" type="personal">
<mods:role id="21B894BF8ACDB34FFFDE57380B429AA7">
<mods:roleTerm id="A3239810C647E86BC8961FE3E2E9EADD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3B7D590B50020DCA10C699C952280794">Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="24AC003CEA35F2E362E38D843BBE2C8F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5854-089X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="4CCA77E559396EEEE2B5AB8EC692ECCB">Systematic EntomologyLaboratory, USDA, ARS, c / oNational Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012. allen. norrbom @ usda. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5854 - 089 X &amp; Jardín Botánico de Bogotá José Celestino Mutis, Calle 63 # 68 - 95 Bogotá D. C.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4AEEA7CD2308A227ADCBA8D38C9626BA" type="email">allen.norrbom@usda.gov</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0749C536C1F9B0FD8F4B100BE119C822" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9F503D88F63C326B1A14DE0EC149C365">
<mods:roleTerm id="A4EF3B9101F7C5E0F63ACCA7E5C74747">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F61428768408A850F1556493988DA17A">Peñaranda, Guadalupe Caicedo Emilio Arévalo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1004D2A055C2AB742B378CB16690336E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F04A16584845A54A8AF2519580D2883C">
<mods:roleTerm id="4B40FCD8DE27494B824E0DFCA4D9E9B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="1E6547EC269D6000080BF1DAB0B0C9D9">Balseiro, Francisco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="6B19498EAF637CDD9B9E23029AFEF540">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3473B8011AFAA5911740579263C8CA46" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B12FE8574915D92E0F75D7AEB6E1A000">
<mods:title id="01027A6C273B08DA8168493F65391F40">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9AD40ABF2FF7DEED9BCE85A88E748F38">
<mods:date id="1798EFBF572BA4AB801AFEB7508BFE87">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F3CC6155A252B201F43AE5421752C0AF" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5FE3AAE6F3C215EF1F2F5931322BEF4F">2021-10-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3E1B3106A045918C952A67EF2A507D99" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FA7C258B3E9E92CA2A13836F705FF3DF">5060</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0007BDD4C0C097653B9569575C221832" type="issue">
<mods:number id="2C58A0574ED243AA660D26F325C7A069">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C93607DD8C5183FFE21103FA73F18910" unit="page">
<mods:start id="41DACBFEE7E3434E1A5AA353565DD413">231</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FFF017B356A89BCC6444966509054126">244</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="9A891825641EEABA273BF494A7FB0939">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C78C570ACFECDB0F29BE46001068C57F" type="CLB-Dataset">3776</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4E68C5200B234E2E2CDA35A6876571DA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5060.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90F9B2BFC6C9052379360C716397E9A6" type="GBIF-Dataset">bf0d1bc8-4e91-4ebb-8684-b8f9b4559169</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1DF915776DBD0FFC831EEBEAE2D55541" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="266C832DD4495436552A1C88892DBDC9" type="Zenodo-Dep">5627251</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9DD83C4C9FF7EE65035C88D0E31063E1" type="ZooBank">67C491FF-B85C-48B8-B843-04CDE418549F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5633563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189613380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5633563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ABB25FFFE4FFB1FF2116CCFD7CFCB2" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<subSubSection id="C31850C2FFE4FFB3FF2116CCFF91FC66" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE4FFB3FF2116CCFFEDFC42" blockId="9.[151,485,942,1005]" box="[151,485,942,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<heading id="D0F5B425FFE4FFB3FF2116CCFFEDFC42" bold="true" box="[151,485,942,969]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FF2116CCFFEDFC42" bold="true" box="[151,485,942,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FF2116CCFF7DFC43" ID-CoL="795TD" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,373,942,969]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FF2116CCFF7DFC43" bold="true" box="[151,373,942,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Rhagoletis psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE4FFB3FF2116B0FF91FC66" blockId="9.[151,485,942,1005]" box="[151,409,978,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Figs. 15, 17, 19, 21, 22</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31850C2FFE4FFB3FF211178FB64F857" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE4FFB3FF211178FB6EFB2A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FF211178FF39FBBE" bold="true" box="[151,305,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FEDC1178FFB4FBBE" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[362,444,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FEDC1178FFB4FBBE" box="[362,444,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex includes three nominal species reported from the Andean countries:
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FA921178FF78FBD3" authority="(Schiner)" baseAuthorityName="Schiner" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FA921178FEF7FBD2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Rhagoletis metallica</emphasis>
(Schiner)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FE01115DFFE2FBD3" box="[439,490,1087,1113]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Peru</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FD94115CFC91FBD2" box="[546,665,1086,1112]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FD13115CFDD9FBD2" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[677,977,1086,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD13115CFD7FFBD2" box="[677,887,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Rhagoletis psalida</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FBAE115DFA47FBD3" box="[1048,1103,1087,1113]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Peru</collectingCountry>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FB3A115CFEB1FBF6" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhytida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FB3A115CFB54FBD2" box="[1164,1372,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Rhagoletis rhytida</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FEB71100FF5BFBF6" box="[257,339,1122,1148]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FE3B1100FFE2FBF6" box="[397,490,1122,1148]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF937EB8FFE4FFB3FE4C1100FC88FBF6" author="Foote, R. H." box="[506,640,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref7232" refString="Foote, R. H. (1981) The genus Rhagoletis Loew south of the United States (Diptera: Tephritidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1607, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1981">Foote 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens of the complex were also reported from
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FB521100FB5AFBF6" box="[1252,1362,1122,1148]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FAD51100FF04FB2A" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FEF411E5FF74FB2B" box="[322,380,1159,1185]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Meta</collectingRegion>
departments) (Martínez
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD2711E5FCCBFB2A" box="[657,707,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">et al</emphasis>
. 2017), and here are also reported from
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FB3311E4FB6AFB2A" box="[1157,1378,1158,1184]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Boyacá department</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE4FFB3FF7111C8FB64F857" blockId="9.[151,1437,1050,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FF7111C8FD0EFB4E" bold="true" box="[199,774,1194,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
Specimens examined.
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FE6411C8FC58FB4E" box="[466,592,1194,1220]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FDE811C8FD09FB4E" box="[606,769,1194,1220]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pongo,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FCD111C8FDADFB4E" box="[871,933,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
. W of,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FC4B11C8FA5CFB4F" box="[1021,1108,1194,1221]" degrees="17.715" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="55" value="-17.715">-17.715</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FBEB11C8FABEFB4E" box="[1117,1206,1194,1220]" degrees="66.600" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="55" value="-66.6">-66.600</geoCoordinate>
, 3820 m, on shruby
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FF2111ACFF2AFB63" box="[151,290,1230,1257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FF2111ACFEF1FB62" box="[151,249,1230,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FE9811ACFFC9FB62" box="[302,449,1230,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2001-03-23">23 Mar 2001</date>
, A. Freidberg,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FDD011ACFC81FB62" box="[614,649,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FD2611ACFCBAFB62" box="[656,690,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
(USNM USNMENT00216758–63).
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FBE511ACFAA7FB62" bold="true" box="[1107,1199,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FBE511ACFAA2FB62" box="[1107,1194,1230,1256]" country="Bolivia" name="La Paz" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">La Paz</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
El Alto,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FAA511ACFB55FB62" box="[1299,1373,1230,1256]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="km" value="14.0">14 km</quantity>
. S of,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF211190FF02FA86" box="[151,266,1266,1292]" degrees="16.66833" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-16.66833">-16.66833</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FEA41190FF8FFA86" box="[274,391,1266,1292]" degrees="68.18333" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-68.18333">-68.18333</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE221190FFE4FA87" box="[404,492,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="3900.0">3900 m</quantity>
, on potato,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FDC51190FD02FA86" box="[627,778,1266,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2001-03-20">20 Mar 2001</date>
, A. Freidberg,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FC021190FDDFFA86" box="[948,983,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FC691190FA0AFA86" box="[991,1026,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(ANCB USNMENT00215216–19),
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF211074FEB2FABA" box="[151,186,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF761074FEEAFABA" box="[192,226,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
(USNM USNMENT00216771–77).
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD361074FD86FABA" bold="true" box="[640,910,1301,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FD361074FD2BFABA" box="[640,803,1302,1328]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FC9B1077FD80FABA" box="[813,904,1301,1328]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Duitama, vereda Higerón, Cedeagro,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FA871074FB94FABB" box="[1329,1436,1302,1329]" degrees="5.5711" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="5.5711">5.5711°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF211058FF10FADE" box="[151,280,1338,1364]" degrees="73.0499" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="-73.0499">73.0499°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE901058FF8BFADF" box="[294,387,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.67" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2670.0">2670 m</quantity>
., fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FE4D1058FD17FADE" box="[507,799,1338,1364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FE4D1058FD17FADE" box="[507,799,1338,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FC0F1058FA4CFADE" box="[953,1092,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2016-08-04">4 Aug 2016</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FB0D1058FB64FADE" box="[1211,1388,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2016-09-09" valueMax="2016-09-14" valueMin="2016-09-09">9–14 Sep 2016</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FACF1058FB94FADF" box="[1401,1436,1338,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF21103CFEB2FAF3" box="[151,186,1374,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000523); Sotaquirá, vereda Bosigas, sector El Manzano,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FC7A103CFA31FAF3" box="[972,1081,1374,1401]" degrees="5.7515" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="5.7515">5.7515°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FBF4103CFACBFAF2" box="[1090,1219,1374,1400]" degrees="73.1842" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="-73.1842">73.1842°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FB66103CFB24FAF3" box="[1232,1324,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.532" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2532.0">2532 m</quantity>
., McPhail trap 12,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FF4310E0FF80FA16" box="[245,392,1410,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2019-12-11">11 Dec 2019</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FE2510E0FFBEFA16" box="[403,438,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000559); same,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FD4710E0FD8AFA16" box="[753,898,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2019-04-26">26 Apr 2019</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FC3B10E0FDB8FA16" box="[909,944,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000524); Tibasosa,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FAA210E0FB94FA17" box="[1300,1436,1410,1437]" degrees="5.744732" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="5.744732">5.744732°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF2110C4FF3CFA4A" box="[151,308,1446,1472]" degrees="73.001771" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-73.00177">73.001771°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE8910C4FF91FA4B" box="[319,409,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.552" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2552.0">2552 m</quantity>
., fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FDBF10C4FD23FA4A" box="[521,811,1446,1472]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FDBF10C4FD23FA4A" box="[521,811,1446,1472]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FC2810C4FA14FA4A" box="[926,1052,1446,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2018-06-01">1 Jun 2018</date>
, emerged 17 Jul
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FB6E10C4FB4CFA4A" box="[1240,1348,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2018-09">Sep 2018</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FAF910C4FB7AFA4A" box="[1359,1394,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FACF10C4FB94FA4A" box="[1401,1436,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000525); Vereda Peña Negra, Predio El Bosque,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FC8310A8FDAAFA6F" box="[821,930,1482,1509]" degrees="5.8041" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="5.8041">5.8041°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FC1F10A8FA22FA6E" box="[937,1066,1482,1508]" degrees="72.9961" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="-72.9961">72.9961°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FB8210A8FA81FA6E" box="[1076,1161,1482,1508]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.602" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2602.0">2602m</quantity>
., fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FB4110A8FF15F982" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FB4110A8FF15F982" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FE27108CFC29F982" box="[401,545,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2020-09-24">Sep 24 2020</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FD22108CFD1CF982" box="[660,788,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2020-10-01">1 Oct 2020</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FCA9108CFD4AF982" box="[799,834,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000558).
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FB82108CFAF9F982" bold="true" box="[1076,1265,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FB82108CFAE4F982" box="[1076,1260,1518,1544]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Bogotá, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FE351370FFF8F9A6" box="[387,496,1554,1580]" degrees="4.6693" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="4.6693">4.6693°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FE411370FC70F9A6" box="[503,632,1554,1580]" degrees="74.1006" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="-74.1006">74.1006°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FD351370FCD5F9A7" box="[643,733,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.563" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2563.0">2563 m</quantity>
., fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FCFB1370FA9CF9A6" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" box="[845,1172,1554,1580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interandinum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FCFB1370FA45F9A6" box="[845,1101,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum interandinum</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FAB01370FB90F9A7" box="[1286,1432,1554,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2015-12-17">17 Dec 2015</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FF481354FFB9F9DA" box="[254,433,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2016-01-16" valueMax="2016-01-20" valueMin="2016-01-16">16–20 Jan 2016</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FE0D1354FFD6F9DA" box="[443,478,1590,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FE531354FC0FF9DA" box="[485,519,1590,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FDB81354FC6FF9DA" box="[526,615,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="larva">5 larvae</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000534); same, collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FBBC1354FA8FF9DA" box="[1034,1159,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2017-06-06">6 Jun 2017</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FB4E1354FB90F9DA" box="[1272,1432,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2017-07-05" valueMax="2017-07-10" valueMin="2017-07-05">5–10 Jul 2017</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF211338FEB2F9FE" box="[151,186,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF751338FEEEF9FE" box="[195,230,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF591338FF42F9FE" box="[239,330,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000533); same, fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FD5A1338FDC4F9FE" box="[748,972,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD5A1338FDC4F9FE" box="[748,972,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FC401338FEF9F912" authority="(Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes" authorityName="Hawkes" baseAuthorityName="Juz. &amp; Burkasov" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="andigenum">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FBF31338FAC9F9FE" box="[1093,1217,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">andigenum</emphasis>
(Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes
</taxonomicName>
collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FED2131CFFE7F912" box="[356,495,1662,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2017-06-16">16 Jun 2017</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FDD6131CFD07F912" box="[608,783,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2017-07-17" valueMax="2017-07-23" valueMin="2017-07-17">17–23 Jul 2017</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FCAC131CFD42F912" box="[794,842,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">11♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FCE6131CFD7CF912" box="[848,884,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000531); Jardín Botánico,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FA94131CFB95F912" box="[1314,1437,1662,1688]" degrees="4.66833" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="4.66833">4.66833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF2113C0FF2EF937" box="[151,294,1698,1725]" degrees="74.10056" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-74.10056">74.10056°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE8013C0FF9DF937" box="[310,405,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2555.0">2555 m</quantity>
.,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FE1F13C0FC31F936" box="[425,569,1698,1725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2014-08-05">5 Aug 2014</date>
, G. Caicedo,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FD6813C0FD09F936" box="[734,769,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FCBB13C0FD38F936" box="[781,816,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
(USNM USNMENT00677275–79); Jardín Botánico,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF2113A4FF0CF96B" box="[151,260,1734,1761]" degrees="4.6675" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="4.6675">4.6675°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FEBD13A4FF9FF96A" box="[267,407,1734,1760]" degrees="74.10111" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-74.10111">74.10111°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE1513A4FFF1F96B" box="[419,505,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.556" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2556.0">2556 m</quantity>
, reared ex fruit of hierbamora,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FCE113A4FA5FF96A" box="[855,1111,1734,1760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interandinum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FCE113A4FA5FF96A" box="[855,1111,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum interandinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FBD213A4FAEAF96B" box="[1124,1250,1734,1761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2015-06-03">3 Jun 2015</date>
, G. Caicedo,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FACF13A4FB94F96A" box="[1401,1436,1734,1760]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF211388FEB2F88E" box="[151,186,1770,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(USNM); same, reared ex fruit of papa,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FDCB1388FD52F88E" box="[637,858,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FDCB1388FD52F88E" box="[637,858,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FCC91388FA40F88E" box="[895,1096,1770,1796]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="andigenum">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FC7A1388FA40F88E" box="[972,1096,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">andigenum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[labeled as
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FB7B1389FB37F88E" box="[1229,1343,1770,1797]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phureja">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FB7B1389FB37F88E" box="[1229,1343,1770,1797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">S. phureja</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FAE01388FEDAF8A3" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2015-01-11">11 Jan 2015</date>
, P.A. Rodriguez &amp; G. Caicedo,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FDF5126CFC6EF8A2" box="[579,614,1806,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FDD9126CFC99F8A2" box="[623,657,1806,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(USNM); Subachoque, vía rural hacia Tenjo,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FB15126CFB07F8A3" box="[1187,1295,1806,1833]" degrees="4.9259" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="4.9259">4.9259°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FAAE126CFB90F8A3" box="[1304,1432,1806,1833]" degrees="74.1159" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="5" value="-74.1159">74.1159°W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FF211250FEFBF8C7" box="[151,243,1842,1869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="2520.0">2520 m</quantity>
., fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FEDC1250FC42F8C6" box="[362,586,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FEDC1250FC42F8C6" box="[362,586,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FDC31250FD48F8C6" box="[629,832,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="andigenum">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD721250FD48F8C6" box="[708,832,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">andigenum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FC0E1251FA31F8C6" box="[952,1081,1842,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2018-01-07">7 Jan 2018</date>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FB191250FB64F8C6" box="[1199,1388,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2018-02-10" valueMax="2018-02-14" valueMin="2018-02-10">10–14 Feb 2018</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FACF1250FB94F8C6" box="[1401,1436,1842,1868]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(ICAMF00000532).
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FE371234FC23F8FA" bold="true" box="[385,555,1877,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE4FFB3FE371234FFDAF8FA" box="[385,466,1878,1904]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">PERU</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FE681237FC2FF8FA" box="[478,551,1877,1904]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Junín</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Quilcas, Pachapaqui,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FC901234FD75F8FB" box="[806,893,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</quantity>
, reared from fruit of potato,
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FB081235FB4CF8FA" box="[1214,1348,1878,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2003-03-07">7 Mar 2003</date>
, H. Rodriguez,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FF4E1218FF13F81E" box="[248,283,1914,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FE971218FF4CF81E" box="[289,324,1914,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(USNM USNMENT00213645–46).
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FD571218FD22F81E" bold="true" box="[737,810,1914,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE4FFB3FD571218FD2DF81E" box="[737,805,1914,1940]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Lima</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Rimac Canyon, Rt. 20, btw. San Mateo &amp; Tunel Cacrag,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FF2112FCFF01F832" box="[151,265,1950,1976]" degrees="11.74083" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-11.74083">-11.74083</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE36658EFFE4FFB3FEB912FCFF8CF833" box="[271,388,1950,1977]" degrees="76.28556" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" precision="1" value="-76.28556">-76.28556</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFAAEACFFE4FFB3FE3912FCFFEDF833" box="[399,485,1950,1977]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.323" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" unit="m" value="3323.0">3323 m</quantity>
, emerged
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FDE112FCFCE3F832" box="[599,747,1950,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2010-05-27">27 May 2010</date>
reared ex fruit of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE4FFB3FC0212FCFAEEF832" authority="Mill." authorityName="Mill." box="[948,1254,1950,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE4FFB3FC0212FCFAA0F832" box="[948,1192,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="240">Solanum americanum</emphasis>
Mill.
</taxonomicName>
(10-PE-08) collected
<date id="FFBC2589FFE4FFB3FF5712A0FF78F856" box="[225,368,1986,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" value="2010-04-16">16 Apr 2010</date>
, N. Nolazco &amp; A.L. Norrbom,
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FD7A12A0FCE7F856" box="[716,751,1986,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
(USNMENT00745368)
<specimenCount id="9D04C8C0FFE4FFB3FBB112A0FA5CF856" box="[1031,1108,1986,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="240" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
(USNMENT00745369).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7D53C1FFE7FFB0FF211382FC12F8EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627263" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5627263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627263/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" startId="10.[151,264,1760,1784]" targetBox="[151,1435,184,1725]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE7FFB0FF211382FC12F8EE" blockId="10.[151,1437,1760,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FF211382FF50F972" bold="true" box="[151,344,1760,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">FIGURES 30–36.</emphasis>
Host plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FDB61382FC9DF972" box="[512,661,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FDB61382FC64F972" box="[512,620,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Rhagoletis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FD151382FCE6F972" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[675,750,1760,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FD151382FCE6F972" box="[675,750,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex:
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FCD61382FD97F972" bold="true" box="[864,927,1760,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">30–33</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FC191382FAD6F972" authority="Bitter" authorityName="Bitter" box="[943,1246,1760,1784]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interandinum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FC191382FA93F972" box="[943,1179,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Solanum interandinum</emphasis>
Bitter
</taxonomicName>
from Bogotá;
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FACB1382FB9EF972" bold="true" box="[1405,1430,1760,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">30</emphasis>
, Section of the plant;
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FEDA1266FF8DF896" bold="true" box="[364,389,1796,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">31</emphasis>
, Detail of puncture in the fruit;
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FD7D1266FD02F896" bold="true" box="[715,778,1796,1820]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">32–33</emphasis>
, detail of larvae feeding on tissue surrounding seeds of the fruit;
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FF21124AFEDEF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,214,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">34–35</emphasis>
, Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FEF0124AFC45F8CA" box="[326,589,1832,1856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FEF0124AFC45F8CA" box="[326,589,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. from Tibasosa;
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FCA3124AFD26F8CA" bold="true" box="[789,814,1832,1856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">36</emphasis>
, Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FC28124AFA61F8CA" box="[926,1129,1832,1856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FC28124AFA61F8CA" box="[926,1129,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE7FFB0FB39124AFF51F8EE" authority="(Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes" authorityName="Hawkes" baseAuthorityName="Juz. &amp; Burkasov" pageId="10" pageNumber="241" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="andigenum">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE7FFB0FB61124AFB40F8CA" box="[1239,1352,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="241">andigenum</emphasis>
(Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes
</taxonomicName>
from Subachoque.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31850C2FFE6FFB1FF7115F4FB07FDEA" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE6FFB1FF7115F4FB07FDEA" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FF7115F4FF2FFF3A" bold="true" box="[199,295,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Biology.</emphasis>
Specimens were reared from fruits of three
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FC9215F4FDAAFF3A" box="[804,930,150,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
species in
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FB9515F4FA9DFF3A" box="[1059,1173,150,176]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. The first,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FAA415F4FF10FF5E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interandinum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FAA415F4FF10FF5E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Solanum interandinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Figs. 15, 30–33), is locally known by the common names “tomatillo del diablo”, “hierbamora” and “ropamora”. Field observations made in the Jardín Botánico de
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE6FFB1FCEA15BCFDA5FF72" box="[860,941,222,248]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Bogotá</collectingRegion>
for several days showed that adults frequent this plant in the early morning and late afternoon, where they are seen copulating on the leaves or stems (Fig. 15). The larvae feed on tissue of the locular cavity that surrounds the seeds of the fruit (
<figureCitation id="13391FCCFFE6FFB1FB851444FAB2FECA" box="[1075,1210,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,1737]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–36. Host plants of Rhagoletis sp., psalida complex: 30–33, Solanum interandinum Bitter from Bogotá; 30, Section of the plant; 31, Detail of puncture in the fruit; 32–33, detail of larvae feeding on tissue surrounding seeds of the fruit; 34–35, Fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. from Tibasosa; 36, Fruits of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes from Subachoque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627263/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Figs. 32, 33</figureCitation>
). A second host,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FAC11445FF95FEEE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudocapsicum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FAC11445FF95FEEE" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Solanum pseudocapsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13391FCCFFE6FFB1FE1A1428FC3CFEEF" box="[428,564,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,1737]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–36. Host plants of Rhagoletis sp., psalida complex: 30–33, Solanum interandinum Bitter from Bogotá; 30, Section of the plant; 31, Detail of puncture in the fruit; 32–33, detail of larvae feeding on tissue surrounding seeds of the fruit; 34–35, Fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. from Tibasosa; 36, Fruits of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes from Subachoque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627263/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Figs. 34, 35</figureCitation>
), is a small introduced ornamental shrub locally know by the common names: “mirto” and “cerezo de Jerusalén” that is very common in gardens and rural areas of the “Altiplano cundiboyacenese”, including the
<collectingRegion id="49C6CDABFFE6FFB1FEC214F0FFCDFE26" box="[372,453,402,428]" country="Colombia" name="Bogota" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Bogotá</collectingRegion>
savanna. Its fruits are highly toxic, containing moderate levels of the glycol-alkaloids solanine, solanocapsin and o-methylsolanocapsine (
<bibRefCitation id="EF937EB8FFE6FFB1FD6114D4FD92FE5A" author="Mejia, L. F. &amp; Gomez, R." box="[727,922,438,465]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" pagination="215 - 222" refId="ref7490" refString="Mejia, L. F. &amp; Gomez, R. (2013) Evaluacion comparativa del rendimiento en la obtencion de alcaloides totales para los frutos verdes y rojos de Solanum pseudocapsicum L. Revista U. D. C. A Actualidad &amp; Divulgacion Cientifica, 16 (1), 215 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.31910 / rudca. v 16. n 1.2013.877" type="journal article" year="2013">
Mejía
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FC9614D5FD58FE5A" box="[800,848,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). The third host,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FBE214D4FB39FE5A" box="[1108,1329,438,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FBE214D4FB39FE5A" box="[1108,1329,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Solanum tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FAE314D4FF1BFE7E" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="andigenum">
subsp.
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FF2114B8FF1BFE7E" box="[151,275,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">andigenum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is locally known as “mamones de papa” its fruits are small and similar in color and consistency to unripe tomatoes (
<figureCitation id="13391FCCFFE6FFB1FE8B149CFF86FD93" box="[317,398,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,184,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,1737]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 30–36. Host plants of Rhagoletis sp., psalida complex: 30–33, Solanum interandinum Bitter from Bogotá; 30, Section of the plant; 31, Detail of puncture in the fruit; 32–33, detail of larvae feeding on tissue surrounding seeds of the fruit; 34–35, Fruits of Solanum pseudocapsicum L. from Tibasosa; 36, Fruits of Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigenum (Juz. &amp; Burkasov) Hawkes from Subachoque." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5627263" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5627263/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
) larvae are frequent in unharvested plants. One larva per fruit was found in all three
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FA8C149CFEF8FDB6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FA8C149CFB94FD92" box="[1338,1436,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Solanum</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
In
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FEA01741FF44FDB7" box="[278,332,547,573]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FEEE1740FC45FDB6" box="[344,589,546,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americanum">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FEEE1740FC45FDB6" box="[344,589,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Solanum americanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a host plant for the
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FCFA1740FD96FDB6" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[844,926,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FCFA1740FD96FDB6" box="[844,926,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, and in
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FBD41740FABCFDB6" box="[1122,1204,546,572]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FB5B1741FB28FDB7" box="[1261,1312,547,573]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Peru</collectingCountry>
specimens were collected on or reared from “potato”, although the scientific name of the plant was not indicated.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31850C2FFE6FFB1FF711708FD7CFCB2" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBD0349FFE6FFB1FF711708FD7CFCB2" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FF711708FF47FD0E" bold="true" box="[199,335,618,644]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Comments.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FE271708FFEBFD0E" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[401,483,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FE271708FFEBFD0E" box="[401,483,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex includes three nominal species whose taxonomy is poorly resolved and whose biology is poorly understood. These include
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FD6317EDFD54FD22" baseAuthorityName="Schiner" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[725,860,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FD6317EDFD54FD22" box="[725,860,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">R. metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FCDF17EDFDD2FD22" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[873,986,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FCDF17EDFDD2FD22" box="[873,986,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">R. psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FBB917EDFA76FD22" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[1039,1150,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhytida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FBB917EDFA76FD22" box="[1039,1150,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">R. rhytida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF937EB8FFE6FFB1FB3A17EDFB14FD22" author="Foote, R. H." box="[1164,1308,654,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref7232" refString="Foote, R. H. (1981) The genus Rhagoletis Loew south of the United States (Diptera: Tephritidae). United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin, 1607, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1981">Foote (1981)</bibRefCitation>
revised the Neotropical
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FE9417D0FF92FD46" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1862" box="[290,410,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FE9417D0FF92FD46" box="[290,410,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Rhagoletis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Martínez
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FD8F17D1FC62FD46" box="[569,618,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">et al</emphasis>
. (2017) reported specimens of the complex from
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FB3917D0FB08FD46" box="[1167,1280,690,716]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, but the status of these populations is unresolved. The only previously reported host plant data for the
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FBED17B4FAA5FD7A" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[1115,1197,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FBED17B4FAA5FD7A" box="[1115,1197,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group was the record by
<bibRefCitation id="EF937EB8FFE6FFB1FF0C1799FF51FC9F" author="Munro, J. A." box="[186,345,762,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" pagination="882" refId="ref7563" refString="Munro, J. A. (1968) Insects affecting potatoes in Bolivia. Journal of Economic Entomology, 61, 882. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 61.3.882" type="journal article" year="1968">Munro (1968)</bibRefCitation>
of larvae of
<taxonomicName id="4C0278CAFFE6FFB1FE5F1799FC52FC9E" authorityName="Hendel" authorityYear="1914" box="[489,602,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Rhagoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psalida">
<emphasis id="B976DF5BFFE6FFB1FE5F1799FC52FC9E" box="[489,602,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">R. psalida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from potato fruits in the vicinity of Lake Titicaca in
<collectingCountry id="F31543D9FFE6FFB1FB181798FB08FC9E" box="[1198,1280,762,788]" name="Bolivia" pageId="11" pageNumber="242">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
where the fly species was considered to be of little or no economic importance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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