146 lines
14 KiB
XML
146 lines
14 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B1E8E8A354D5529A4DD7457FF3FE5F70">Spider families of the World (Excerpt)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="148D962E35F4041A96156F1CDED35EC8">Jocqué, R., Dippenaar-Schoman, A. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A258AE90D30E2BA02F745F8462A9F044">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="8FCFB6C65BC8D4465AF4827E5D0CF6EB">2006</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="E5E83F1AACBE056CE1CDCE6E46B19D11">Kininklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika</mods:publisher>
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<mods:url id="C6D98C3CBBF9085820CABE5A55C6551C">http://antbase.org/ants/publicaitons/JocqueDippenaarSchoeman2006Excerpt/JocqueDippenaarSchoeman2006Excerpt.pdf</mods:url>
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<treatment id="8D3FF54DCCB392F36A98D902A2E62146" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6491718" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100107550" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6491718" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8D3FF54DCCB392F36A98D902A2E62146" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D3FF54DCCB392F36A98D902A2E62146" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">
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<subSubSection id="AA01D97323821A2D8C0A80A3783F841D" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1F80BDE682E37B277359399B6AE0963D" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="heading">
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<pageBreakToken id="85FCF07BEFDE6555E5B7B4CC2BC78C67" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" start="start">FAMILY</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName id="0B27948CA6327AFA3EFB5748015D932C" ID-CoL="V5N" ID-ENA="1654896" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Anapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">ANAPIDAE</taxonomicName>
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Simon,1895
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E527F44F00E75EBF6A78CB714256AAD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="357F8E0FDBD48BF699B12D598BB976C8" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">GROUND ORB WEB WEAVERS Fig.11,pl. 22</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B59F734CA2C3EAE8330EABDD2B5FB76B" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6A9E7744E780C249022936AF18F97F8C" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Type genus</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B02F23CCF27C463DE3BB73729B9A3D85" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph id="F9DBE3C405DEDE698C19AC5606BD502E" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<taxonomicName id="247899D4F5FD4BEFBADA30FDB8CDCB22" class="Arachnida" family="Anapidae" genus="Anapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anapis</taxonomicName>
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Simon, 1895.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="82D048E0D7159FD3759631088F6B9DC5" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="6CD65BF3868C346B36BA1D7E362194C3" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Other genera</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6816B86D00DB60FE51145BE67A25D0C2" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Represented by 34 genera and about 140 species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="868C0C617E3F9FB677C0E7B33795E83F" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="42EA42650DC20CB7C61778B3D6EC04F3" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Diagnostic characters</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9BEADB3BA4B966EDD5CFED155C69F96B" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Very small araneomorph spiders; three tarsal claws; ecribellate; haplogyne (secondary); six or eight eyes; anterior labral spur present; booklungs replaced by anterior tracheae; chelicerae not fused.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B2A845F9C6F4110CCC367A33D6C3488" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Descriptive characters</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D300E076106CF3848A72F7870412E7EC" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="B778A903B6CF54D8A29866D2A371B1A7" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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carapace: modified with ocular region elevated (fig. 11a); pedicel arising from circular, rimmed cavity on posterior declivity (fig. lib); glandular openings situated in hollow pits on edge of carapace at anterolateral corners (sometimes absent,
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<normalizedToken id="E789193A1B40BDF30E4F0F1DEDC6A345" originalValue="Schütt" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Schuett</normalizedToken>
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, 2000).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F07986C4AC927507E7F98E63049A5C83" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="7602B17258F8D3ADECDA1505F18F5194" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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sternum: as broad as long, broadly fused to carapace.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC7041D51F884D944FDD12056F9DA68F" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="C0FC5FA2BABAFCFBE04BDC30D69999D6" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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eyes: six or eight; anterior median eyes often reduced in size or absent; other eyes arranged in three pairs (fig. 11c).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2E49926E34FF4DCD17F176D5A4B0AAAA" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="55E0ABB4353C3993F3ED1B4BEC163004" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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chelicerae: both margins with teeth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="514A0FC558E733E86E6D9C10A65FBCDD" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="4125C9856C13C23ED0FDEFD1A0BD4C16" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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mouthparts: labrum bears anterior spur that projects forward between chelicerae (discernible when chelicerae are spread apart) (fig. 11c)，sometimes reduced to a small crest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7DA37DF78480A723EB1DE2BED09362B4" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="064C56B91F34AF5AE02EB63CEFDC7DF1" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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legs: 4123 or 1423; three claws; legs short, without spines; metatarsi shorter than tarsi; femora I of male with a short spine ventrally; tarsal organ capsnlate and domed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="060FB3C5D64E32B615BCB8743261014F" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="D929857D29F0767410F387928C7F98F9" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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female palp: reduced in size or absent; without claw.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B24A89455F8294E726F8ED62C2F8084" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="F168B52B7C7150113F817D5D5391E849" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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abdomen: male with large dorsal scutum, or 2-3 scuta, or dorsal region with scattered small sclerotized areas; ventral scutum surrounding pedicel; female abdomen soft or with small, brown sclerotized ring.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A53B43B2A5069A0EE565F8DB334B2BFC" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="115CB9CFB8C7D69572A81D03CE001C8B" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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spinnerets: anterior spinnerets small, close together; spinnerets together with colulus usually surrounded by a sclerotized ring; posterior lateral spinnerets with triplet of one flagelliform and two aggregate gland spigots in both sexes; aggregate gland spigot larger than accompanying flagelliform spigot piriform gland spigots with reduced base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1604C5E19D84C00A7E9BE6DBDBDC5B56" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="990F53925C696F4D6A5F8B81CBF1A479" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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respiratory system: two booklungs present or replaced by anterior tracheae opening through spir¬ acles on both sides of genital opening.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="82C0E61E1F899551FEC43A5B8A3FAA4F" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="BE96970C9F4C4EA0381B6A9061E560F9" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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genitalia: haplogyne (fig.11e); spermathecae well separated; male palp variable, femur and patella sometimes with bristles or apophyses (fig. lid); embolus varies from spiniform to short and wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5814FAB68EA07276A6562AA26CBFC9F0" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="C4AB4773716B2864D9EB8028D0F6E5EB" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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body size: <2 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="388DC79AC01BE39D1FB9330C9EBB33B8" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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<normalizedToken id="488863B63FE6DD56115989672308B88B" originalValue="•" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">*</normalizedToken>
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colour: various shades of brown, from reddish brown to yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C19EA3E955F6C6815F04920956706D85" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="56C1CAF75B431C0E959C8429962A47D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Taxonomic status</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC102112EC72B147466B30983C819F5E" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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Based on their web-building behaviour Coddington (1986) and Eberhard (1987) considered the anapids and mysmenids as sister-groups. They are placed in the superfamily
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<taxonomicName id="A59026C17F021067EB7FF7D78EDF3C35" higher="Araneoidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" rank="higher">Araneoidea</taxonomicName>
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with the 'higher araneids， (Coddington & Levi, 1991，Coddington et al, 2004). Revisions of several genera and regions have been done by Forster & Platnick (1977); Platnick & Forster (1989,1990); Platnick & Shadab (1978b, 1979). According to
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<normalizedToken id="000667756A93B6B6EF06D9E484093C87" originalValue="Schütt" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Schuett</normalizedToken>
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(2003) the family is paraphyletic and should be considered a senior synonym of the
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<taxonomicName id="62460B26624E2B5351C547BCBAEC9E18" family="Micropholcommatidae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Micropholcommatidae</taxonomicName>
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. According to Wunderlich (2004) the family should include
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<taxonomicName id="FCF5F90CA4C0FCD7282F39219DD251D9" family="Mysmenidae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Mysmenidae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="AD35ABB80AD627328C1E50AD66599392" family="Symphytognathidae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Symphytognathidae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2B8FA57B553E2CD546B905BBE7DF966D" family="Synaphridae" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" rank="family">Synaphridae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F2D6EAB4DF9D2C27433ED2D7A32DEF5B" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="CD1658692C08869825EF8EAB54049B80" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1CB4CF173A5312435E0887CE0A747ACF" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Worldwide, but are more common in tropical and southern temperate forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7F447162C5A0AECC03867436BC1AA209" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="DEC2727FD14B6518BF98CEB0DA257D81" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Lifestyle</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CB66FA35AD3B9D9E748735331A78E1B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Cryptozoic and found in the litter layer and moss usually on the floor of moist forests. Some genera pro¬ duce small, horizontal orb webs in the litter or above the water surface (fig. Ilf).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5B21449EDC99E2D60A1F160370E56F57" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8411F732AD4DAFBF83EE9B1FE0B9C0C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">Relevant literature</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B1750456CF8A9EEF96C2E95125C168A" pageId="1" pageNumber="68" type="mainText">
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Coddington (1986, 2005a); Dippenaar-Schoeman &
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<normalizedToken id="810700E293210104CC17A858A12E40AB" originalValue="Jocqué" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Jocque</normalizedToken>
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(1997); Eberhard (1982); Forster & Platnick (1977); Platnick & Forster (1989,1990); Platnick & Shadab (1978b，1979), Ramirez et al. (2004);
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<normalizedToken id="EB193C822EB916EAAA5B29BA97375C38" originalValue="Schütt" pageId="1" pageNumber="68">Schuett</normalizedToken>
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(2003).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |