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<document id="04615515558B9A98F73330E58D497320" ID-CLB-Dataset="30144" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cf12f99-65ce-4f59-a455-0008d79df52d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1242066" ID-ZooBank="5E60ED09-4D71-4F64-8165-3AD59B30FE3A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1525600168768" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Pedro H. &amp; Santos, Adalberto J." docDate="2018" docId="9A05197EFF96FFC7FF787CBC60060E31" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4415.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4415 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Argiope carvalhoi Martins &amp; Santos 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="448" masterDocId="663C6106FF82FFDEFFEF7E1C642E0826" masterDocTitle="Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="451" masterPageNumber="423" pageNumber="443" updateTime="1698541908441" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E78732F560DBE45BD9F37609FDF50FA2">Morphology and taxonomy of the orb-weaving spider genus Mecynogea, and a peculiar species of Argiope (Araneae, Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2BC82DD117F66EC00633B1B9B14DE82A">Martins, Pedro H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70F212C5F6649063FCBD52F4C6B0600A">Santos, Adalberto J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7FA01BC91968AAD4E20F478E8DA3C383">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="58BF5B4A68B96F9423855136CEEE089C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9A05197EFF96FFC7FF787CBC60060E31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5995873" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143811404" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5995873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A05197EFF96FFC7FF787CBC60060E31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A05197EFF96FFC7FF787CBC60060E31" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF96FFCAFF787CBC65100AFA" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF787CBC67C90A9D" blockId="20.[151,999,672,733]" box="[151,999,672,699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<heading id="495B1F04FF96FFCAFF787CBC67C90A9D" bold="true" box="[151,999,672,699]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" reason="1">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF787CBC67C90A9D" bold="true" box="[151,999,672,699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFF787CBC66400A9D" ID-CoL="GGZV" authority="(Mello-Leitao 1944)" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,622,672,699]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF787CBC655E0A9C" bold="true" box="[151,368,672,698]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Argiope carvalhoi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFE907CBD66480A9D" box="[383,614,673,699]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11729" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1944) Algumas aranhas da regiao amazonica. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoology, 25, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão 1944</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
revalidated, new combination
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF787CD865100AFA" blockId="20.[151,999,672,733]" box="[151,318,708,733]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFF787CD864C20AFB" box="[151,236,708,733]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,236,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Geographic distribution records of Mecynogea infelix (Soares &amp; Camargo, 1948) (blue), M. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) (red) and Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination (yellow). Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242098/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Figs 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFF177CD865380AFA" box="[248,278,708,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 20. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFECD7CD865100AFA" box="[290,318,708,732]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">21</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF96FFCAFF787D1160810B79" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF787D11605F0B66" blockId="20.[151,1436,780,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="32BC8F46FF96FFCAFF787D11605F0B66" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFF787D1166790B04" ID-CoL="99CK2" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1944: 8" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,599,780,802]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF787D11655D0B04" box="[151,371,780,802]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Mecynogea carvalhoi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="930D8E79FF96FFCAFE967D1066790B04" author="" box="[377,599,780,802]" page="8" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFE967D10666F0B04" box="[377,577,780,802]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11729" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1944) Algumas aranhas da regiao amazonica. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoology, 25, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão, 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil, A.L. de Carvalho leg., MNRJ 1538, examined).
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFD407D3667EB0B66" box="[687,965,810,832]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref12486" refString="World Spider Catalog (2017) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Version 18.5. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 26 December 2017)" type="journal article">World Spider Catalog 2017</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFC3C7D3760470B66" box="[979,1129,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">nomen dubium</emphasis>
)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF787D5660810B79" blockId="20.[151,1436,780,863]" box="[151,1199,841,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="32BC8F46FF96FFCAFF787D5660810B79" box="[151,1199,841,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFF787D5666390B79" ID-CoL="3XVSJ" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1838)" authorityName="C.L. Koch" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,535,841,863]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Manogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porracea">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF787D5665740B79" box="[151,346,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Manogea porracea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFE877D55663E0B79" box="[360,528,841,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11412" refString="Koch, C. L. (1838) Die Arachniden. Vierter Band &amp; Funfter Band. In der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg, 36 pp. &amp; 124 pp. [pp. 109 - 144 &amp; pp. 1 - 124]" type="book chapter">C.L. Koch, 1838</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—synonymized by
<treatmentCitation id="930D8E79FF96FFCAFD0F7D5567500B79" author="" box="[736,894,841,863]" page="234" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFD0F7D5567650B79" box="[736,843,841,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11649" refString="Levi, H. W. (1997) The American orb weavers of the genera Mecynogea, Manogea, Kapogea and Cyrtophora (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 155, 215 - 255." type="journal article">Levi 1997</bibRefCitation>
: 234
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="930D8E79FF96FFCAFC677D5560850B79" author="" box="[904,1195,841,863]" page="18" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFC677D5560A10B79" box="[904,1167,841,863]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref12003" refString="Silva-Moreira, T., Baptista, R. L. C., Kury, A. B., Giupponi, A. P. L., Buckup, E. H. &amp; Brescovit, A. D. (2010) Annotated check list of Arachnida type specimens deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. II-Araneae. Zootaxa, 2588, 1 - 91." type="journal article">
Silva-Moreira
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFBF37D5660610B79" box="[1052,1103,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
:18
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF96FFCAFF787D90610B0C86" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF787D90610B0C86" blockId="20.[151,1437,908,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF787D90653F0B83" bold="true" box="[151,273,908,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The epigynum of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFE327D9066890B82" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[477,679,908,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFE327D9066890B82" box="[477,679,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Argiope carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles that of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFC9D7D9060D50B82" authority="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1944" authorityName="Chamberlin &amp; Ivie" authorityYear="1944" box="[882,1275,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="florida">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFC9D7D9067F30B82" box="[882,989,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. florida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFC0C7D9060D50B82" box="[995,1275,908,933]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11062" refString="Chamberlin, R. V. &amp; Ivie, W. (1944) Spiders of the Georgia region of North America. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 35 (9), 1 - 267." type="journal article">Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1944</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFADF7D9065F20BEE" authority="O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898" authorityName="O. Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="blanda">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFADF7D9061B20B82" box="[1328,1436,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. blanda</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFF787DAC65F20BEE" box="[151,476,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11912" refString="Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1898) Arachnida. Araneida. Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology, 1, 233 - 288." type="journal article">
O. Pickard-Cambridge,
<quantity id="D554058DFF96FFCAFE4B7DAC65F20BEE" box="[420,476,944,968]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.820919999999999" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" unit="in" value="1898.0">1898</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the shape of the median septum and the rim (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFBEF7DB360F30BEE" box="[1024,1245,943,968]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11461" refString="Levi, H. W. (1968) The spider genera Gea and Argiope in America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 136, 319 - 352." type="journal article">Levi 1968: fig. 100</bibRefCitation>
) and in the large septal lip (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFEE47DC865CA0BCA" box="[267,484,980,1005]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11461" refString="Levi, H. W. (1968) The spider genera Gea and Argiope in America (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 136, 319 - 352." type="journal article">Levi 1968: fig. 143</bibRefCitation>
) respectively. It can be distinguished from these species and the remaining species of the genus, except from the Australasian
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFDB37DE467AA0C36" authority="Rainbow, 1916" authorityName="Rainbow" authorityYear="1916" box="[604,900,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="probata">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFDB37DE466FD0C36" box="[604,723,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. probata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFD357DEB67AA0C36" box="[730,900,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11934" refString="Rainbow, W. J. (1916) Arachnida from northern Queensland. Records of the Australian Museum, 11, 33 - 64 + 79 - 119. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.11.1916.912" type="journal article">Rainbow, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFC547DE460CC0C36" authority="L. Koch 1872" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1872" box="[955,1250,1015,1040]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensa">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFC547DE460120C36" box="[955,1084,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. protensa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFBAC7DE460CC0C36" box="[1091,1250,1015,1040]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11379" refString="Koch, L. (1872) Die Arachniden Australiens. Vol. 1. Verlag von Bauer &amp; Raspe, Nurnberg, 264 pp. [pp. 105 - 368]" type="book chapter">L. Koch 1872</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by the long and narrow abdomen, without lateral lobes (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFDB87A0066950C12" box="[599,699,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 20. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFD3D7A0067B30C12" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[722,925,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFD3D7A0067B30C12" box="[722,925,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Argiope carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFB207A0061610C12" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1872" box="[1231,1359,1052,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protensa">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFB207A0061610C12" box="[1231,1359,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. protensa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of the epigynum, which is very elongated and have the copulatory openings facing dorsally in the latter species (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFF177A7866270C5A" box="[248,521,1124,1149]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11556" refString="Levi, H. W. (1983) The orb-weaver genera Argiope, Gea, and Neogea from the western Pacific region (Araneae: Araneidae, Argiopinae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 150, 247 - 338." type="journal article">Levi 1983: figs 98–101</bibRefCitation>
). The epigynum of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFD057A78675B0C5A" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[746,885,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFD057A78675B0C5A" box="[746,885,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFB797A7861210C5A" authorityName="Rainbow" authorityYear="1916" box="[1174,1295,1124,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="probata">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFB797A7861210C5A" box="[1174,1295,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">A. probata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFAF17A7865050C86" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11556" refString="Levi, H. W. (1983) The orb-weaver genera Argiope, Gea, and Neogea from the western Pacific region (Araneae: Araneidae, Argiopinae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 150, 247 - 338." type="journal article">Levi 1983: figs 107–108</bibRefCitation>
) in the larger septal lip (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFDD27A9B668C0C86" box="[573,674,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
) and narrower median plate in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFB5E7A9B61360C86" box="[1201,1304,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF96FFCAFF287AB066740F0E" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="description">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF287AB0663E0CE3" blockId="20.[151,1437,908,1976]" box="[199,528,1196,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF287AB065770CE3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1196,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Description.</emphasis>
Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF287AD366740F0E" blockId="20.[151,1437,908,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<materialsCitation id="A2C4A235FF96FFCAFF287AD366740F0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1841141030" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="Carapace &amp; Chelicerae &amp; Endites &amp; Sternum &amp; There &amp; Palp &amp; Legs &amp; All &amp; First &amp; Opisthosoma &amp; Venter &amp; Total &amp; Femur I &amp; Patella II &amp; Tibia II &amp; Epigynum &amp; Septal &amp; Copulatory &amp; Posterior &amp; In" country="Brazil" location="Barra do Tapirapes" municipality="Santa Terezinha" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" specimenCode="MNRJ 1538" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
Female.
<typeStatus id="CD1716CAFF96FFCAFEC57AD365BC0CCE" box="[298,402,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
from
<location id="1773FEB3FF96FFCAFE327ACC66950CCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A05197EFF96FFC7FF787CBC60060E31:1773FEB3FF96FFCAFE327ACC66950CCE" box="[477,699,1231,1256]" country="Brazil" municipality="Santa Terezinha" name="Barra do Tapirapes" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">Barra do Tapirapés</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F2773212FF96FFCAFD277ACC67AC0CCE" box="[712,898,1231,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Santa Terezinha</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="D068668AFF96FFCAFC7F7ACC60090CCE" box="[912,1063,1232,1256]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="6ABBE8F8FF96FFCAFBDA7AD360570CCE" box="[1077,1145,1231,1256]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<specimenCode id="420A0013FF96FFCAFB647ACC61330CCE" box="[1163,1309,1231,1256]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">MNRJ 1538</specimenCode>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFADB7ACC61B20CCE" box="[1332,1436,1232,1256]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Carapace</collectorName>
pale yellow in the cephalic region and light brown in the thoracic region (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFC0F7AE860640D2A" box="[992,1098,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 20. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFBB07AE860F90D2B" box="[1119,1239,1268,1293]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Chelicerae</collectorName>
pale yellow with numerous short, proximal-median macrosetae.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFD5C7B0B67290D16" box="[691,775,1303,1328]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Endites</collectorName>
and labium pale yellow.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFBDF7B0460A00D16" box="[1072,1166,1304,1328]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Sternum</collectorName>
pale yellow with three lateral depressions that coincide with brown markings.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFCF47B2067720D73" box="[795,860,1340,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">There</collectorName>
are small tubercles between each depression, the anterior larger than the others, and an unpaired tubercle in the posterior portion.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFBC27B4360710D5E" box="[1069,1119,1375,1400]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Palp</collectorName>
pale yellow with numerous spiniform macrosetae.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE777B9965E00DBB" box="[408,462,1413,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Legs</collectorName>
with a pale-yellow background covered by numerous dark brown spots, more densely distributed on the first femur.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE037BBB663E0DE6" box="[492,528,1447,1472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">All</collectorName>
coxae pale yellow, the first with small ventral macrosetae.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFB5A7BBB60C70DE6" box="[1205,1257,1447,1472]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">First</collectorName>
trochanter with numerous short, prolateral macrosetae.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFDBD7BD066C80DC3" box="[594,742,1484,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Opisthosoma</collectorName>
with two anteriorly directed humps, and a pair of dorsal lines extending from the anterior humps to the posterior apex, and a smaller band extending from the middle to posterior apex (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFF0F780865600E0A" box="[224,334,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 20. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE8A780965800E0A" box="[357,430,1557,1580]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Venter</collectorName>
light brown, with a pair of white bands extending from the epigastric groove to the spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFEF5782B65AA0E76" box="[282,388,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,1277]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 20. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE75782B65FD0E76" box="[410,467,1591,1616]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Total</collectorName>
length 9.00; carapace 2.50 long, 2.20 wide in the thoracic area, 1.20 wide after the posterior median eyes.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE74784165DB0E52" box="[411,501,1629,1652]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Femur I</collectorName>
length 4.20, patella 1.20, tibia 3.30, metatarsus 4.20, tarsus 1.40 (right leg).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFABF784064840EBE" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Patella II</collectorName>
1.00, III 0.70, IV 1.10.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFE5C786366290EBE" box="[435,519,1663,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Tibia II</collectorName>
3.10, III 1.50, IV 2.70.
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFCFF786367AB0EBE" box="[784,901,1663,1688]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Epigynum</collectorName>
in ventral view with a procurved rim connected to a straight and slender median septum, making an Y-shaped structure (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFC2978B860010E9A" box="[966,1071,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFBAC78B860A70E9B" box="[1091,1161,1700,1725]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Septal</collectorName>
lips well developed and projects laterally (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFE8978DB66360EC6" box="[358,536,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Figs 21A–B, E</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFDC278DB66850EC6" box="[557,683,1735,1760]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Copulatory</collectorName>
openings visible laterally (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFC0978DB60600EC6" box="[998,1102,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFB8C78DB60E60EC6" box="[1123,1224,1735,1760]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Posterior</collectorName>
margin of septum rounded in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFE4278F066160F22" box="[429,568,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21C–D</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="BF59CDBEFF96FFCAFDA378F1664D0F22" box="[588,611,1773,1796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">In</collectorName>
posterior view, median septum connected to rim and septal lip emerging from copulatory openings (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF96FFCAFE28791366620F0E" box="[455,588,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Fig. 21B, E</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF96FFC7FF28792860CB0DD4" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF96FFCAFF28792865A00F9E" blockId="20.[151,1437,908,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFF28792865150F6B" bold="true" box="[199,315,1844,1869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="CD1716CAFF96FFCAFE97792865F40F6B" box="[376,474,1844,1869]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFDEC792966D60F6A" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1944" box="[515,760,1844,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFDEC792966D60F6A" box="[515,760,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Mecynogea carvalhoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not available at the time H.W. Levi was preparing his revision on
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFEF4794566040F56" authority="(Levi 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[283,554,1879,1904]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFEF4794565B20F56" box="[283,412,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Mecynogea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFE45794B660C0F56" box="[426,546,1879,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11649" refString="Levi, H. W. (1997) The American orb weavers of the genera Mecynogea, Manogea, Kapogea and Cyrtophora (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 155, 215 - 255." type="journal article">Levi 1997</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, based on the original description of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFB79794B61400F56" box="[1174,1390,1879,1904]" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref11729" refString="Mello-Leitao, C. F. (1944) Algumas aranhas da regiao amazonica. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoology, 25, 1 - 12." type="journal article">Mello-Leitão 1944</bibRefCitation>
), he proposed it as a tentative synonym of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF96FFCAFDA37961670A0FB2" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[588,804,1917,1940]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Manogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porracea">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF96FFCAFDA37961670A0FB2" box="[588,804,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="443">Manogea porracea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a nomenclatural act not accepted subsequently (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF96FFCAFABA796065AC0F9E" pageId="20" pageNumber="443" refId="ref12486" refString="World Spider Catalog (2017) World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Version 18.5. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 26 December 2017)" type="journal article">World Spider Catalog 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="46D3F8E0FF97FFCBFF78798C66560FC2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242098/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="444" startId="21.[151,250,1936,1958]" targetBox="[225,1362,236,1879]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF97FFCBFF78798C66560FC2" blockId="21.[151,1436,1936,2020]" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFF78798C650B0F80" bold="true" box="[151,293,1936,1958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF97FFCBFD41798E60B30F80" authority="(Soares &amp; Camargo, 1948)" authorityName="Soares &amp; Camargo" authorityYear="1948" baseAuthorityName="Soares &amp; Camargo" baseAuthorityYear="1948" box="[686,1181,1936,1959]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infelix">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFD41798E670C0F81" box="[686,802,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">Mecynogea</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFCC0798C67400F80" box="[815,878,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">infelix</emphasis>
(Soares &amp; Camargo, 1948)
</taxonomicName>
(blue),
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF97FFCBFB16798E65610FE3" authority="(Holmberg, 1876)" authorityName="Holmberg" authorityYear="1876" baseAuthorityName="Holmberg" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythromela">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFB16798E61380F81" box="[1273,1302,1938,1959]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">M.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFACE798C61B20F80" box="[1313,1436,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">erythromela</emphasis>
(Holmberg, 1876)
</taxonomicName>
(red) and
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF97FFCBFE5179AC67760FE3" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1944)" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[446,856,1967,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="21" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFE5179AC66210FE3" box="[446,527,1968,1989]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">Argiope</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFDF879B366560FE3" box="[535,632,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">carvalhoi</emphasis>
(Mello-Leitão, 1944)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3BEBC901FF97FFCBFC8E79B360350FE3" box="[865,1051,1967,1989]" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF97FFCBFC8E79B360350FE3" bold="true" box="[865,1051,1967,1989]" pageId="21" pageNumber="444">new combination</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(yellow). Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="46D3F8E0FF94FFC8FF7879AE67110FC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242100/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="445" startId="22.[151,250,1970,1992]" targetBox="[216,1371,237,1906]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF94FFC8FF7879AE67110FC1" blockId="22.[151,1436,1970,2023]" pageId="22" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF94FFC8FF7879AE650F0FEE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1970,1992]" pageId="22" pageNumber="445">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF94FFC8FD7D79AF67EB0FEE" authority="Levi 1997" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1997" box="[658,965,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buique">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF94FFC8FD7D79AF677A0FEE" box="[658,852,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="445">Mecynogea buique</emphasis>
Levi 1997
</taxonomicName>
(blue) and
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF94FFC8FBD279AF61230FEE" authority="Levi, 1997" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1997" box="[1085,1293,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="22" pageNumber="445" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sucre">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF94FFC8FBD279AF60B80FEE" box="[1085,1174,1971,1992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="445">M. sucre</emphasis>
Levi, 1997
</taxonomicName>
(red). Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="46D3F8E0FF95FFC9FF7879AE60F20FC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242102/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="446" startId="23.[151,250,1970,1992]" targetBox="[216,1371,237,1906]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF95FFC9FF7879AE60F20FC1" blockId="23.[151,1436,1970,2023]" pageId="23" pageNumber="446">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF95FFC9FF7879AE650E0FEE" bold="true" box="[151,288,1970,1992]" pageId="23" pageNumber="446">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF95FFC9FD6179AF67CD0FEE" authority="Simon, 1903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[654,995,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="23" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bigibba">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF95FFC9FD6179AF67790FEE" box="[654,855,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="446">Mecynogea bigibba</emphasis>
Simon, 1903
</taxonomicName>
. Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records (“?” indicates the uncertainty of the type locality attributed by Levi (1997)).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="46D3F8E0FF9AFFC6FF7879AE66560FC1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242104/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="447" startId="24.[151,250,1970,1992]" targetBox="[216,1371,237,1906]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF9AFFC6FF7879AE66560FC1" blockId="24.[151,1435,1970,2023]" pageId="24" pageNumber="447">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9AFFC6FF7879AE650B0FEE" bold="true" box="[151,293,1970,1992]" pageId="24" pageNumber="447">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution records of
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF9AFFC6FD4579AF605C0FEE" authority="(Walckenaer, 1841)" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Walckenaer" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[682,1138,1970,1992]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Mecynogea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemniscata">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9AFFC6FD4579AF67B70FEE" box="[682,921,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="447">Mecynogea lemniscata</emphasis>
(Walckenaer, 1841)
</taxonomicName>
. Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="46D3F8E0FF9BFFC7FF787B0E61170D61" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242106/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" startId="25.[151,250,1298,1320]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1277]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF9BFFC7FF787B0E61170D61" blockId="25.[151,1435,1298,1351]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FF787B0E650D0D0E" bold="true" box="[151,291,1298,1320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5ACD3EBFF9BFFC7FEC37B0F66E40D0E" authority="(Mello-Leitao, 1944)" authorityName="Martins &amp; Santos" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="Mello-Leitao" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[300,714,1298,1320]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Argiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carvalhoi" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FEC37B0F65520D0E" box="[300,380,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">Argiope</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FE697B0E65C90D0E" box="[390,487,1298,1320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">carvalhoi</emphasis>
(Mello-Leitão, 1944)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3BEBC901FF9BFFC7FD3B7B0E67BF0D0E" box="[724,913,1298,1320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FD3B7B0E67BF0D0E" bold="true" box="[724,913,1298,1320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">new combination</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil (MNRJ 1538): A–B, habitus, A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. Scale bar: A, B, 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1213A868FF9BFFC7FF287B7260CB0DD4" blockId="25.[151,1437,1390,1559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">
The
<typeStatus id="CD1716CAFF9BFFC7FF157B7265720DA1" box="[250,348,1390,1415]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
has a male embolus attached to each copulatory opening (
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF9BFFC7FC037B7260920DA1" box="[1004,1212,1390,1415]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1791,1813]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,401,1759]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 21. Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination, female holotype from Barra do Tapirapés, Santa Terezinha, Mato Grosso, Brazil.(MNRJ 1538): A–F, female epigynum, A, ventral view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view, left side; D, lateral view, right side; E, ventro-lateral view, left side; F, ventro-lateral view, right side. Arrows indicate broken male embolus attached to the copulatory opening. Abbreviations: AB, anterior bulge; CO, copulatory openings; F, flange; LM, lateral margin; Rm, rim; MS, median septum; SL, septal lip. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.1 mm; F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242108/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">Fig. 21 A, B, D, F</figureCitation>
), indicating that the male embolus can serve as a mating plug, as observed in other species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF9BFFC7FBA67B8E60DC0D8C" box="[1097,1266,1426,1451]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" refId="ref12157" refString="Uhl, G., Nessler, S. H. &amp; Schneider, J. M. (2010) Securing paternity in spiders? A review on occurrence and effects of mating plugs and male genital mutilation. Genetica, 138 (1), 75 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10709 - 009 - 9388 - 5" type="journal article">
Uhl
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FB947B8F609A0D8C" box="[1147,1204,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
and references therein). These detached emboli are the only parts of the male known at the moment, and both show a long pendant, a fork-like apophysis present in the embolus of several species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="763DD599FF9BFFC7FBB67BC660F70DD4" box="[1113,1241,1498,1522]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" refId="ref11336" refString="Jager, P. (2012) A review on the spider genus Argiope Audouin 1826 with special emphasis on broken emboli in female epigynes (Araneae: Araneidae: Argiopinae). Beitrage zur Araneologie, 7, 272 - 331." type="journal article">Jäger 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AB6FBE3FF9BFFC7FF287BE260060E31" box="[199,1064,1534,1559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1213A868FF9BFFC7FF287BE260060E31" blockId="25.[151,1437,1390,1559]" box="[199,1064,1534,1559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">
<emphasis id="20D8747AFF9BFFC7FF287BE2654E0E31" bold="true" box="[199,352,1534,1559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known only from the
<typeStatus id="CD1716CAFF9BFFC7FD8F7BE366BE0E31" box="[608,656,1535,1559]" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">type</typeStatus>
locality, in northern
<collectingCountry id="6ABBE8F8FF9BFFC7FC957BE267900E31" box="[890,958,1534,1559]" name="Brazil" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="8A97B4EDFF9BFFC7FC217BE260310E31" box="[974,1055,1534,1559]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[225,1362,236,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[182,1404,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 16. Geographic distribution records of Mecynogea infelix (Soares &amp; Camargo, 1948) (blue), M. erythromela (Holmberg, 1876) (red) and Argiope carvalhoi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) new combination (yellow). Circles indicate previously known records and stars represent new records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1242098/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="448">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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