244 lines
34 KiB
XML
244 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="404744658B1E3267363D170261D704CC" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.158281" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73840127-bbd8-4b45-9cf2-2ac070a43098" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="158281" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461037191610" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Orozco, Jesus & Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos" docDate="2004" docId="03FB9946FFD02904FECBA90AFCF6D74E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00769.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 769" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gymnetis holosericea Voet 1779" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFC2E13EFFD22901FFC3AB56FFEED360" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698574807834" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B26EBC782BA7369C85D46E6C2B6A1E8B">Description of immature stages of three species of American Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B3448963A9162FF6941B495F4F8CF11">Orozco, Jesus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC59367B20FE076326269F75B31716E7">Pardo-Locarno, Luis Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4EACF7A46508ADEFE5C4FB26828F8DAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4B3F7F471808A120BCE51627B16ABDC8">2004</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FB9946FFD02904FECBA90AFCF6D74E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6272651" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6272651" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB9946FFD02904FECBA90AFCF6D74E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB9946FFD02904FECBA90AFCF6D74E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3487BDBFFD02903FECBA90AFB86D0E9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD02903FECBA90AFD46D115" blockId="2.[264,680,603,630]" box="[264,680,603,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0A59F3CFFD02903FECBA90AFD46D115" bold="true" box="[264,680,603,630]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FECBA90AFD46D115" authority="Voet, 1779" authorityName="Voet" authorityYear="1779" box="[264,680,603,630]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
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||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FECBA90AFD46D115" bold="true" box="[264,680,603,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FECBA90AFDE5D116" bold="true" box="[264,523,604,630]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC355A1FFD02903FDD8A90DFD4ED115" author="Voet" box="[539,672,603,629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="14" refString="Voet J. E. (1779) Catalogus systematicus coleopterorum, Vol. 1. Lay Haye, 88 pp." type="book" year="1779">Voet, 1779</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD02903FECBA9F1FB86D0E9" blockId="2.[264,1325,679,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FECBA9F1FE99D1A0" box="[264,375,679,704]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FECBA9F1FE99D1A0" box="[264,375,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gymnetis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Neotropical genus in the tribe Gymnetini. The species are not easily distinguished since very few diagnostic characters have been found in the adults (Ratcliffe personal communication.). Recently Antoine (2000) has suggested nomenclatural changes to some species, but generally a review is urgently needed. Five larvae in this genus have been described:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FE0AA811FCD5D000" box="[457,827,839,864]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavomarginata" subSpecies="sallei">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FE0AA811FCD5D000" box="[457,827,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gymnetis flavomarginata sallei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FC88A811FB7CD000" box="[843,1170,839,865]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcipes" subGenus="Paragymnetis">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FC88A811FCB3D000" box="[843,861,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G</emphasis>
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.(
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FCADA811FBFFD000" box="[878,1041,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paragymnetis</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FBE0A811FB7CD000" box="[1059,1170,839,864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">chalcipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FB62A811FE86D0E8" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hebraica" subSpecies="difficilis">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FB62A811FE86D0E8" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. hebraica difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FEB4A839FD98D0E8" box="[375,630,879,904]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FEB4A839FD98D0E8" box="[375,630,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(this work) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FCF4A839FC36D0E8" box="[823,984,879,904]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pantherina">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FCF4A839FC36D0E8" box="[823,984,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">G. pantherina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(this work).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3487BDBFFD02904FEFBA8C1FCF6D74E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD02903FEFBA8C1FEA1D791" blockId="2.[264,1325,679,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FEFBA8C1FDD6D0D0" box="[312,568,919,944]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FEFBA8C1FDD6D0D0" box="[312,568,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an easy species to rear. The female deposits the eggs singly within the substrate, the whole cycle takes about 7 months (LII about four weeks, LIII about 12–13 weeks, and pupa from 4–6 weeks).
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD02903FC88A8B1FC85D761" box="[843,875,999,1025]" name="American Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">As</collectingCountry>
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with other cetoniines, the third instar larvae form a pupal chamber (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FDAFAF59FD03D749" box="[620,749,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="25.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="21.0">21–29 mm</quantity>
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high
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FCF2AF59FC5ED749" box="[817,944,1039,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="15.0">15–19 mm</quantity>
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wide) with soil and some feces, and the larval exuvium is maintained at the ventral side of the pupa just in front of the abdominal sternites. The adults are longlived with the reared ones dying 6–8 weeks after the offspring emerge. Mutilation of adults is common in nature and in the laboratory, but its origin is unknown. Feeding habits of larvae and adults in nature are not well understood.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD02903FEFBAFA9FAFFD5C9" blockId="2.[264,1325,679,1905]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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The studied population corresponds to a medium size form (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FC38AFA9FB79D679" box="[1019,1175,1279,1305]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.875" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="18.75" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.5">17.5–20 mm</quantity>
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). The males usually have a very fine yellow stripe along the extension of the elytra without insertions and the coloration of the abdomen is matte or opaque, while the females have slight yellow insertions at the posterior middle of the elytra and the ventral area of the abdomen is glossy (
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<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD02903FEA7AEC9FE48D6D9" box="[356,422,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[297,1252,498,733]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[290,1303,492,745]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gymnetis holosericea (a – b, males; c – d, females), e. chevrolat form (male), f – h. magnifica form (f – g, males; h, female). Scale line = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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a–d). This species is very similar to two other populations found in western
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD02903FECBAE91FE91D681" box="[264,383,1479,1505]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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, differing mainly in the size and in the yellow stripe pattern on the elytra. For practical purposes we refer to one of them (the larger one,
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FC7AAEB9FB89D569" box="[953,1127,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.235" metricValueMax="2.29" metricValueMin="2.18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="22.35" valueMax="22.9" valueMin="21.8">21.8–22.9 mm</quantity>
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) with the yellow stripe without insertions in both sexes as “magnifica” (
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<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD02903FC52AD41FC3DD551" box="[913,979,1559,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[297,1252,498,733]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[290,1303,492,745]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gymnetis holosericea (a – b, males; c – d, females), e. chevrolat form (male), f – h. magnifica form (f – g, males; h, female). Scale line = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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f–h) and to another with two strong yellow insertions without defined margins (
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<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FC9BAD69FC2DD539" box="[856,963,1599,1625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
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) as “chevrolat” (
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<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD02903FB49AD69FB23D539" box="[1162,1229,1599,1625]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,762,786]" captionTargetBox="[297,1252,498,733]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[290,1303,492,745]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Gymnetis holosericea (a – b, males; c – d, females), e. chevrolat form (male), f – h. magnifica form (f – g, males; h, female). Scale line = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169583/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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e). It is not clear if these populations correspond to different species or not, but we hope that larval descriptions will help to define the taxonomic boundaries between species in this group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD02902FEFBADE1FB2ED23E" blockId="2.[264,1325,679,1905]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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THIRD INSTAR LARVA. This description is based on
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<specimenCount id="9D54E3D9FFD02903FC1BADE1FBA9D5B1" box="[984,1095,1719,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="larva">50 larvae</specimenCount>
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reared from adults collected in a disturbed tropical dry forest near a city. Locality data:
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<collectingCountry id="F34568C0FFD02903FB45AD89FAC9D599" box="[1158,1319,1759,1785]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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: Santander, Bucaramanga, Vía Chimitá;
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<date id="FFEC0E90FFD02903FD1BAC51FCA7D441" box="[728,841,1799,1825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2002-11-12">12XI02</date>
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,
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||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD02903FC97AC51FC74D441" box="[852,922,1799,1825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="730.0">730m</quantity>
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; Orozco, J. Leg. The vegetation of the zone is mainly composed by
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FD5DAC79FB44D429" authority="Roxb." authorityName="Roxb." box="[670,1194,1839,1865]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pithecellobium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dulce">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FD5DAC79FC74D428" box="[670,922,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Pithecellobium dulce</emphasis>
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||
(Roxb.)(Mimosaceae)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FB7AAC79FAC5D428" box="[1209,1323,1839,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FB7AAC79FAC5D428" box="[1209,1323,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Erythrina</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FEF8AC01FE40D411" box="[315,430,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
),
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FE06AC01FC91D411" authority="Schrad." authorityName="Schrad." box="[453,895,1879,1905]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FE06AC01FD72D410" box="[453,668,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bambusa vulgaris</emphasis>
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||
Schrad. (Poaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FC4DAC01FC14D410" box="[910,1018,1879,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02903FC4DAC01FC14D410" box="[910,1018,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Cecropia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02903FBF4AC01FB32D411" box="[1079,1244,1879,1905]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Urticales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Cecropiaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
),
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD02902FB31AC01FE58D255" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Ricinus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
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<emphasis id="B926F442FFD02902FB31AC01FE58D255" italics="true" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ricinus communis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FE30AA4AFD49D256" box="[499,679,284,310]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FD01AA4AFC61D255" box="[706,911,284,309]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="guajava">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FD01AA4AFC61D255" box="[706,911,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FC0FAA4AFBA0D256" box="[972,1102,284,310]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FB6CAA4AFEBFD23D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FB6CAA4AFEBFD23D" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FE42AA12FDDBD23E" box="[385,565,324,350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). This is the first record of this species from Santander.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D78D8FFD12902FECBA9ACFCA9D054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/169583/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[297,1252,498,733]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD12902FECBA9ACFCA9D054" blockId="3.[264,1323,762,820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FECBA9ACFE64D072" bold="true" box="[264,394,762,786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FE5AA9ACFD6FD071" box="[409,641,762,785]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FE5AA9ACFD6FD071" box="[409,641,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a–b, males; c–d, females), e. chevrolat form (male), f–h. magnifica form (f–g, males; h, female). Scale line = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2D78D8FFD12902FECBADB2FE6CD421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD12902FECBADB2FE6CD421" blockId="3.[264,1324,1764,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FECBADB2FE64D59C" bold="true" box="[264,394,1764,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD12902FE52ADB2FD97D59B" box="[401,633,1764,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD12902FE52ADB2FD97D59B" box="[401,633,1764,1787]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2a = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD62905FEFBAA4AFE6BD796" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Head: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FE4EAA4AFE3CD256" box="[397,466,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
a) Maximum width of head capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD62905FCB6AA4AFBEBD256" box="[885,1029,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.199999999999999" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.199999999999999" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Cranium: Smooth; color yellowish brown. Frons with a median longitudinal depression, a single posterior frontal seta, and a single anterior angle seta. Dorsoepicranium with one large and 4–5 small setae in a line diverging from mediobasal portion of head and, one lateral line of 3–6 short setae at each side. Tentorial pits evident. Ocelli absent. Clypeus: Shape subtrapezoidal with one posterior clypeal seta and 0–3 exterior clypeal setae. Preclypeus weakly sclerotized and without setae. Labrum: Anterior border trilobed, clithra present. Epipharynx: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FB56A95AFB34D146" box="[1173,1242,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
b) Plegmata absent. Corypha with 4 long stout setae. Haptomeral region with conelike process with a curved row of 12–14 heli and 6–8 stout, spinelike setae irregularly placed behind row. Acanthoparia with 6–8 short setae. Chaetoparia with 18–34 setae on each side. Dexiotorma long and pternotorma small and rounded. Laetorma short and pternotorma small and rounded. Nesia with sensorial cone. Haptolachus without sensillae below the cone. Mandibles: Right mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FD9FA9AAFD4DD076" box="[604,675,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
d) with one scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and two weakly defined scissorial teeth posterior to notch. Stridulatory area elongate, length over three times its width. Molar area trilobed, lateral edge with seven setae, dorsal surface in apical half with two setae. Brustia formed by five setae. Left mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FB0FA822FAFCD0EE" box="[1228,1298,884,910]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
e) with one scissorial tooth anterior to scissorial notch and two welldefined scissorial teeth posterior to notch. Molar area trilobed, lateral edge with five setae, dorsal surface in apical half with one seta. Basomedian angle with brustia consisting of eight setae. Maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FB38A8BAFEF9D74E" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c) Mala with large uncus at apex and one subterminal bifid uncus. Stridulatory area with row of 4–5 curved acute teeth and a distal, truncate process. Labium: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FB93AF6AFB79D736" box="[1104,1175,1084,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c) Hypopharyngeal scleroma asymmetrical, left side with 7–10 setae, right side more prominent, sclerotized, without setae. Antennae: First antennomere longer than the two following antennomeres together. Surface of last antennomere with two dorsal and 2–3 ventral sensory spots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD62905FEFBAE52FBA3D60E" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Thorax: Thoracic spiracles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FD4EAE52FD38D67E" box="[653,726,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD62905FD04AE52FD38D67E" box="[711,726,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="g" value="2.0">2</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
g) with Cshaped respiratory plate, size
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD62905FB7CAE52FAC5D67E" box="[1215,1323,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD62905FEB6AE7AFE30D626" box="[373,478,1324,1350]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. Dorsal area of thoracic segments with abundant setae. Legs: Tarsungulus cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FDC6AE02FDA4D60E" box="[517,586,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
f) rounded apically, possessing 10–11 setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD62905FEFBAE2AFD15D5B6" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Abdomen: Spiracles of abdominal segments I–VIII similar in size, distance between the two lobes of respiratory plate of spiracles much less than the dorsoventral diameter of the bulla. Dorsal surface of segment I–X with abundant long and short setae irregularly placed, longer posteriorly. Dorsum of segment VII with two annulets. Segments IX and X fused, covered with short and long setae. Spiracular area of abdominal segments I–VIII with 34–41 setae. Raster: (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136934D5FFD62905FD87AD12FD65D53E" box="[580,651,1604,1630]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[264,368,1764,1788]" captionTargetBox="[394,1219,885,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[364,1228,877,1743]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gymnetis holosericea, larva. a. head, b. epipharynx, c. labiummaxilla, d. right mandible, e. left mandible, f. tarsungulus, g. respiratory plate, h. raster. Scale lines = 0.5 mm, except fig. 2 a = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/158283/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
h) Palidia monostichous, open posteriorly and anteriorly, each palidium consisting of a row of 10–16 spiniform pali. Septula elongate, length 10 times its width. Lower anal lip with many short and medium size setae proximally to the anal aperture and many long setae distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD62905FEFBADB2FE6ED59E" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" box="[312,384,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PUPA</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD62905FEFBAC5AFB9CD42E" blockId="4.[264,1325,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Description based in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D54E3D9FFD62905FDF6AC5AFD79D446" box="[565,663,1804,1830]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="pupa">8 pupae</specimenCount>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAA85B5FFD62905FD3CAC5AFC41D446" box="[767,943,1804,1830]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="22.9" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="21.3">21.3–24.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Shape subovate, stout, exarate. Color creamwhite yellowish without microtrichia in abdominal segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FEFBAA4AFD44D23E" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head: Glabrous, bent downward, mouthparts separated. Frons with slight depressions. Clypeus trapezoid slightly concave.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FEFBAA3AFD90D116" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thorax: Pronotum glabrous, convex, subheptagonal in shape with two rounded protuberances at each side just in front of the pteroteca. Pteroteca free, compressed around the body, hind wing teca longer reaching the abdominal sternite IV. Mesometasternal process large, between the pro and mesocoxa, with a stout process at the middle projected strongly to the front, apex not rounded sometimes with two ending points. Protibia with one apical spur and three protuberances vaguely defined or absent in most of the cases. Meso and metatibia with two apical spurs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FEFBA9D2FD62D05E" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Abdomen: Tergites II–VI with tergolateral tubercles surrounded by fine rugae, segment VII with tubercle vague or absent. Spiracle I with sclerotized peritreme covered by the hind wing pteroteca and protected by a fleshy fold. Spiracles II–IV rounded, prominent. Spiracles V–VIII closed. Last tergite without urogomphi, genital ampulla bilobed. Female without bilobed ampulla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED2850FFD72904FEFBA822FCF6D74E" blockId="5.[264,1323,884,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FEFBA822FDD9D0ED" box="[312,567,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FEFBA822FDD9D0ED" box="[312,567,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gymnetis holosericea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5253D3FFD72904FCA1A822FC3FD0ED" box="[866,977,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Gymnetis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926F442FFD72904FCA1A822FC3FD0ED" box="[866,977,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gymnetis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae by the following combination of characters: Tentorial pits evident, dorsoepicranium with central row of 5–6 setae, last antennomere longer that the two following segments together, surface of last antennomere with 2–3 ventral sensory spots, spiracles of abdominal segments similar in size and palidium with 10–16 spiniform pali.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |