309 lines
38 KiB
XML
309 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="5B3F931FEFCC8BB3A93ACA48E706C4C6" ID-CLB-Dataset="9047" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4877.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8a797c3a-a8d4-4899-a1ee-e94d32e4a530" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424322" ID-ZooBank="91A9E9C5-CF5D-4FEF-BDBD-F0CE3409C3D2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1610029803991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nashad, M., Mohapatra, Anil, Varghese, Sijo P., Ramalingam, L. & Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan" docDate="2020" docId="03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4877.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4877 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gymnothorax aurocephalus Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="366" masterDocId="FFC01603196C007F523EFFCAFF9E542C" masterDocTitle="A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="361" pageNumber="363" updateTime="1698923489885" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3FBCE345088893A5693E1D7E84550FF5">A new white-spotted moray eel, Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. (Muraenidae Muraeninae) from Andaman Sea, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D00C9CDCA43631A471F9141A6588451">Nashad, M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F6C24D89EF7890308A0C979F5F49D97F">Fishery Survey of India, Zonal Base, Port Blair- 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B38958EE77F5AB53B3875C4CDA7059B">Mohapatra, Anil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="25DB2C7905AE7A9DE79497CB761691F3">Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Ganjam- 761002, Odisha, India. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3547 - 7039</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="49E053C7D84CE02FEFFEF92CCDDC1634">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4BD3DAF46D94DA23343CD96BBB8653DC">Varghese, Sijo P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D1C4558714DE5FD02D196775E3FB387">Fishery Survey of India, Zonal Base, Port Blair- 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8024 - 0095</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A9BCCAEA188EE27566A2C5BA180C55F">Ramalingam, L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A711489ED8BAEA6E06F057243A3562CE">Fishery Survey of India, New Fishing Jetty, Sassoon Dock, Colaba, Mumbai- 400005, India. & Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre (ANRC), Zoological Survey of India, Haddo, Port Blair- 744102, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="592508247316222FCB15564C93BA51CC">Mohanty, Swarup Ranjan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2C22B9568498E079C256DBBBBC898C0D">Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Ganjam- 761002, Odisha, India. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0473 - 9166</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7CB52BF5F303F40F681732CFFCDA8DE3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6396306895CA63C8C725BF09A28D6710">
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<mods:date id="5EB326AC33A29E8DE01591C6057875A9">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DA0534D370E08DE39775E1C27C4C2859">4877</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C9A19590B0903229F65DD911F1156C13" type="GBIF-Dataset">8a797c3a-a8d4-4899-a1ee-e94d32e4a530</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4425114" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176438390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4425114" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52A9FE34FBC25635" blockId="2.[151,1116,510,609]" box="[151,1116,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<heading id="D0A76801196E007D52A9FE34FBC25635" bold="true" box="[151,1116,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52A9FE34FBC25635" bold="true" box="[151,1116,510,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE196E007D52A9FE34FC695634" authority="Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh" authorityName="Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,1015,510,537]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52A9FE34FE755635" bold="true" box="[151,491,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
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Nashad, Mohapatra, Varghese & Bineesh
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE04196E007D51C0FE35FBC25635" box="[1022,1116,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34A8CE6196E007D52A9FDE9FDB6564D" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52A9FDE9FEEC5611" blockId="2.[151,1116,510,609]" box="[151,370,547,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136BC3E8196E007D52A1FDE9FE955611" box="[159,267,547,573]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="1.[151,250,1801,1825]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,250,2003,2027]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,665,689]" captionStartId-4="4.[151,250,1985,2009]" captionStartId-5="5.[151,250,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1436,777,1777]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,1281,1980]" captionTargetBox-2="[152,1435,181,1551]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1432,191,634]" captionTargetBox-4="[573,1013,721,1950]" captionTargetBox-5="[152,1436,382,1759]" captionTargetId-0="figure-287@1.[151,1436,777,1777]" captionTargetId-1="figure-410@2.[151,1436,1281,1980]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1551]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@4.[151,1436,181,641]" captionTargetId-4="figure-39@4.[564,1024,713,1961]" captionTargetId-5="figure-127@5.[151,1436,381,1759]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionTargetPageId-4="4" captionTargetPageId-5="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map showing the collection locations of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Radiograph of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov., holotype (EBRC/ZSI/11800; 723 mm TL). A. Photograph of fresh specimen; B. Formalin-preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of head pores of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. A. Photograph of fresh specimen showing densely packed golden spots close to rictus; B. Formalin-preserved specimen." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424326" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424328" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424330" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424334" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424336" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424338" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4424326/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4424328/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4424330/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4424334/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4424336/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4424338/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6D2EAD6196E007D5328FDE9FEF95611" box="[278,359,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Characters of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52A9FD8DFDB6564D" blockId="2.[151,1116,510,609]" box="[151,552,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Common name: Goldenhead moray</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34A8CE6196E007D52A9FD45FAB45715" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52A9FD45FAC656E1" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<materialsCitation id="3B38D530196E007D52A9FD45FAC656E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012370302" collectingDate="2018-05-21" collectionCode="EBRC" elevation="128" latitude="12.655" location="Blue Marlin" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="93.05666" municipality="Swaraj Dweep Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52A9FD45FE955685" bold="true" box="[151,267,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196E007D52A9FD45FE985685" box="[151,262,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED4147A8196E007D532EFD45FEC45685" box="[272,346,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">EBRC</collectionCode>
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/ZSI/
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<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D53ABFD45FDA05685" box="[405,574,655,681]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1800723" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="1.1800723E7">11800, 723 mm</quantity>
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TL, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B8B4517196E007D50A8FD45FC1F5685" box="[662,897,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Swaraj Dweep Island</collectingMunicipality>
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of the
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<collectingRegion id="4994118F196E007D51F6FD45FA8B5685" box="[968,1301,655,681]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE64B9AA196E007D571DFD45FA065685" box="[1315,1432,653,681]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="39.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" precision="92" value="12.655">12°39.3’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE64B9AA196E007D52A9FD79FE9656E1" box="[151,264,689,717]" degrees="93" direction="east" minutes="03.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" precision="92" value="93.05666">93°03.4’E</geoCoordinate>
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), collected on-board MFV
|
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<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D5006FD79FD5F56E1" box="[568,705,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<location id="8E8F89B6196E007D5006FD79FD5F56E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF:8E8F89B6196E007D5006FD79FD5F56E1" box="[568,705,691,717]" latitude="12.655" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="93.05666" municipality="Swaraj Dweep Island" name="Blue Marlin" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Blue Marlin</location>
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</emphasis>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFEEF9AD196E007D50D4FD79FC1D56E1" box="[746,899,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" value="2018-05-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFAA0045196E007D50D4FD79FC1D56E1" box="[746,899,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" value="2018-05-21">21 May 2018</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
, by vertical longlining, depth
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||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D56ECFD78FACA56E1" box="[1234,1364,690,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="127.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="125.0">
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<elevation id="007D385E196E007D56ECFD78FACA56E1" box="[1234,1364,690,717]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="127.5" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="125.0">125–130 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52F9FD1DFAB45715" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<materialsCitation id="3B38D530196E007D52F9FD1DFAA056DD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012370304" box="[199,1342,726,753]" collectionCode="EBRC" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52F9FD1DFED856DD" bold="true" box="[199,326,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
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<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196E007D52F9FD1DFEDF56DD" box="[199,321,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED4147A8196E007D536FFD1DFE0256DD" box="[337,412,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">EBRC</collectionCode>
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/ZSI/11801,
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<specimenCount id="9D5614E4196E007D5015FD1DFD3056DD" box="[555,686,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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(
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<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D50FFFD1CFCBD56DD" box="[705,803,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="745.0">745 mm</quantity>
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||
TL), collection details same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196E007D569EFD1DFA9856DD" box="[1184,1286,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; ZSI
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</materialsCitation>
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/
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<materialsCitation id="3B38D530196E007D5778FD1DFEFF5715" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012370301" collectionCode="ANRC" elevation="90" latitude="12.921667" location="Interview Island" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="92.67" municipality="Andaman" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode id="ED4147A8196E007D5778FD1DFA0A56DD" box="[1350,1428,727,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">ANRC</collectionCode>
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/ M/24129,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5614E4196E007D5330FD31FE115739" box="[270,399,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D53A1FD31FD9E5739" box="[415,512,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="710.0">710 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL), off
|
||
<location id="8E8F89B6196E007D5053FD31FCB65739" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F96E7B196E007A52A9FE34FB4353EF:8E8F89B6196E007D5053FD31FCB65739" box="[621,808,763,789]" latitude="12.921667" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="92.67" municipality="Andaman" name="Interview Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Interview Island</location>
|
||
, middle
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8B4517196E007D51B5FD31FC665739" box="[907,1016,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Andaman</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B9AA196E007D5637FD30FBE05739" box="[1033,1150,761,789]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="55.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" precision="92" value="12.921667">12°55.3’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B9AA196E007D56B5FD31FB635739" box="[1163,1277,761,789]" degrees="92" direction="east" minutes="40.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" precision="92" value="92.67">92°40.2’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<elevation id="007D385E196E007D572DFD31FA065739" box="[1299,1432,763,789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="90.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D572DFD31FAD05739" box="[1299,1358,763,789]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
|
||
depth
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, hand line; FSI/PB
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
/
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B38D530196E007D5354FCD5FABD5715" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3012370303" box="[362,1315,799,826]" collectionCode="T" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" specimenCode="T/01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF67716196E007D5354FCD5FE005715" box="[362,414,799,825]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">T/01</specimenCode>
|
||
/2019,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5614E4196E007D53D4FCD5FDF75715" box="[490,617,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D5046FCD5FD485715" box="[632,726,799,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="mm" value="610.0">610 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL, tail broken), collection details same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196E007D56FFFCD5FABD5715" box="[1217,1315,799,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A8CE6196E007D52F9FC88FE4A57E5" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52F9FC88FE4A57E5" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52F9FC88FEDA5770" bold="true" box="[199,324,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately elongated moray eel of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE196E007D514DFC89FB935771" box="[883,1037,835,861]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D514DFC89FB935771" box="[883,1037,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Gymnothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the following combination of characters: chocolate brown color overlain with small irregular white spots, having golden skin shadings close to rictus; anus slightly before midbody; pointed and serrated teeth; uniserial teeth on jaws and vomer; vertebral formula 7/61/148–149 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BC3E8196E007D53BFFC65FE5857E5" box="[385,454,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,2003,2027]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1281,1980]" captionTargetId="figure-410@2.[151,1436,1281,1980]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Radiograph of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A8CE6196E007A52F9FC18FCFC5549" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52F9FC18FDFE50C5" blockId="2.[151,1437,653,1257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52F9FC18FEC557C0" bold="true" box="[199,347,978,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
A moderately sized eel with a cylindrical body and laterally compressed tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BC3E8196E007D56F9FC19FA9257C1" box="[1223,1292,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1575,1599]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,181,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-19@3.[151,1436,181,1551]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov., holotype (EBRC/ZSI/11800; 723 mm TL). A. Photograph of fresh specimen; B. Formalin-preserved specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424330/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal and anal fins are continuous with caudal fin. Dorsal fin commences above the anterior edge of gill opening and the predorsal length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D534FFBD1FE7D5019" box="[369,483,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="1.9812" metricValueMin="1.8288" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="7.2">7.2–7.8 in</quantity>
|
||
total length (TL). Anal-fin origin immediately behind anus. Anus is located slightly before midbody and the preanal distance is 1.9–2.0 in TL. Head is broad and head length (HL) is 7.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D5714FBF5FAF55075" box="[1322,1387,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0066" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="in" value="7.9">7.9 in</quantity>
|
||
TL. Snout blunt, snout length is
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D53E8FBA8FDD95051" box="[470,583,1122,1149]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2573" metricValueMax="1.3208" metricValueMin="1.1938" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="in" value="4.95" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.7">4.7–5.2 in</quantity>
|
||
HL. Both jaws are almost equal in size. All teeth concealed when mouth is closed. Eyes small, located almost at the midpoint between the snout and the rictus, eye diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196E007D56EBFB4DFAFF508D" box="[1237,1377,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0099" metricValueMax="3.0734" metricValueMin="2.9463999999999997" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" unit="in" value="11.85" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="11.6">11.6–12.1 in</quantity>
|
||
head length. Anterior nostril tubular and at lateral side of tip of snout, posterior nostril above anterior margin of eye. Gill opening a diagonal slit at midbody level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2F8FE5196E007D52A9F819FC0353C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424328" box="[151,925,2003,2028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424328/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" startId="2.[151,250,2003,2027]" targetBox="[151,1436,1281,1980]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196E007D52A9F819FC0353C0" blockId="2.[151,925,2003,2028]" box="[151,925,2003,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D52A9F819FE8D53C7" bold="true" box="[151,275,2003,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Radiograph of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE196E007D5012F81EFCD853C0" authority="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty, 2020" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[556,838,2004,2028]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196E007D5012F81EFCD853C0" box="[556,838,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="363">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE04196E007D5173F81EFC0353C0" box="[845,925,2004,2028]" pageId="2" pageNumber="363" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2F8FE5196F007C52A9F9EDFE74524F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424330/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" startId="3.[151,250,1575,1599]" targetBox="[152,1435,181,1551]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196F007C52A9F9EDFE74524F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1575,1635]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196F007C52A9F9EDFE8C5213" bold="true" box="[151,274,1575,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE196F007C5326F9EDFDAD5213" authority="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty, 2020" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[280,563,1575,1599]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196F007C5326F9EDFDAD5213" box="[280,563,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F196F007C5007F9EDFD175213" bold="true" box="[569,649,1575,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE04196F007C5007F9EDFD175213" box="[569,649,1575,1599]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype (EBRC/ZSI/11800; 723 mm TL). A. Photograph of fresh specimen; B. Formalin-preserved specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196F007C52F9F95BFB615317" blockId="3.[151,1437,1681,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Head pores small with body colored rim. Two branchial pores located anterior to and below dorsal-fin origin well before gill opening (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BC3E8196F007C5390F97FFE6C52FC" box="[430,498,1717,1744]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,250,665,689]" captionTargetBox="[163,1432,191,634]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[151,1436,181,641]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of head pores of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424334/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
); three supraorbital pores, first (ethmoid) pore at tip of snout above lip, second above base of anterior nostril, third in between anterior and posterior nostrils; four infraorbital pores, first just below the base of anterior nostril, second in between anterior nostril and anterior margin of eye, third below the anterior margin of eye, and fourth after posterior margin of eye. There are six mandibular pores, all before rictus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D196F007C52F9F88FFD8B53E7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1681,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">
|
||
Teeth pointed and serrated, uniserial in both jaws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BC3E8196F007C5132F88FFCCC534C" box="[780,850,1861,1888]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1985,2009]" captionTargetBox="[573,1013,721,1950]" captionTargetId="figure-39@4.[564,1024,713,1961]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424336/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="364">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Intermaxillary teeth 5 on each side with one near symphysis, totaling 11 intermaxillary teeth, followed by 8 maxillary teeth on each side, no median intermaxillary teeth. Vomerine teeth uniserial with 8 teeth in
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196F007C50A3F847FC9D538B" box="[669,771,1933,1959]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA87288196F007C5130F844FCC8538B" box="[782,854,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" unit="in" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 in</quantity>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF196F007C5163F844FC525384" box="[861,972,1934,1960]" pageId="3" pageNumber="364" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Mandibular teeth 18 on each side gradually decreasing in size posteriorly.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2F8FE51968007B52A9FD53FBAB569D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424334" box="[151,1077,665,689]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424334/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" startId="4.[151,250,665,689]" targetBox="[163,1432,191,634]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1968007B52A9FD53FBAB569D" blockId="4.[151,1077,665,689]" box="[151,1077,665,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1968007B52A9FD53FE93569D" bold="true" box="[151,269,665,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of head pores of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE1968007B50FAFD53FC40569D" authority="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty, 2020" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[708,990,665,689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1968007B50FAFD53FC40569D" box="[708,990,665,689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE041968007B51DBFD53FBAB569D" box="[997,1077,665,689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2F8FE51968007B52A9F80BFB1C53F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424336" box="[151,1154,1985,2009]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424336/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" startId="4.[151,250,1985,2009]" targetBox="[573,1013,721,1950]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1968007B52A9F80BFB1C53F5" blockId="4.[151,1154,1985,2009]" box="[151,1154,1985,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1968007B52A9F80BFE9353F5" bold="true" box="[151,269,1985,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
. Dentition of upper and lower jaws of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE1968007B512EF80BFBB553F5" authority="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty, 2020" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[784,1067,1985,2009]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1968007B512EF80BFBB553F5" box="[784,1067,1985,2009]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="365">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE041968007B560FF80BFB1C53F5" box="[1073,1154,1985,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="365" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1969007A52F9FF5CFCFC5549" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A52F9FF5CFE95549C" bold="true" box="[199,267,150,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Color</emphasis>
|
||
. The fresh specimens were chocolate brown in color, overlain with small, irregular white spots, having golden shadings close to rictus. The spots start from the snout tip and extend to the entire body including the ventral portion, gill opening, dorsal and anal fins. Both dorsal and anal fins have chocolate brown color similar to body. Head region bears numerous, densely packed golden spots. The spots are widely spaced posteriorly and are comparatively larger than the spots in the head region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BC3E81969007A50E7FEEDFC81556E" box="[729,799,295,322]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1782,1806]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,382,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-127@5.[151,1436,381,1759]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lateral view of head of holotype of Gymnothorax aurocephalus sp. nov. A. Photograph of fresh specimen showing densely packed golden spots close to rictus; B. Formalin-preserved specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424338/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Inside the mouth, the coloration is similar to the body. Tail tip is almost devoid of spots and without any white margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF2F8FE51969007A52A9F93CFC32531F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4424338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4424338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4424338/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" startId="5.[151,250,1782,1806]" targetBox="[152,1436,382,1759]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1969007A52A9F93CFC32531F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1782,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A52A9F93CFE925322" bold="true" box="[151,268,1782,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of head of holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE1969007A50BFF93DFC055323" authority="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty, 2020" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[641,923,1783,1807]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A50BFF93DFC055323" box="[641,923,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A519EF93DFC6E5323" bold="true" box="[928,1008,1783,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217BE041969007A519EF93DFC6E5323" box="[928,1008,1783,1807]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. Photograph of fresh specimen showing densely packed golden spots close to rictus; B. Formalin-preserved specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A8CE61969007A52F9F8AAFBAC53B3" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1969007A52F9F8AAFBAC53B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1888,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A52F9F8AAFEFF5356" bold="true" box="[199,353,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen is presently known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF1969007A5147F8ABFC455357" box="[889,987,1889,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and three
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB61CF1969007A5672F8ABFB295357" box="[1100,1207,1889,1915]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
from Swaraj Dweep Island and Interview Island, Andaman Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3479FFD1969007A50BEF84FFD2453B3" box="[640,698,1925,1951]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
from a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA872881969007A514AF84FFC7B53B3" box="[884,997,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" unit="m" value="110.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="90.0">90–130 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34A8CE61969007A52F9F863FB4353EF" box="[199,1245,1961,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFDF6D1969007A52F9F863FB4353EF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1888,1987]" box="[199,1245,1961,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A52F9F863FED053EF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1961,1987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50A4EE1969007A536BF863FD1353EF" authorityName="Nashad & Mohapatra & Varghese & Ramalingam & Mohanty" authorityYear="2020" box="[341,653,1961,1987]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="366" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B924037F1969007A536BF863FD1353EF" box="[341,653,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="366">Gymnothorax aurocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is named for the golden-colored head of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |