130 lines
15 KiB
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130 lines
15 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9E8EC7CC1A46D841A0EFE99420C65C96">Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2C1EA567C7A957995DBDD3CCF93638D2">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FA4BBF1004BFE48F5CDC2C833FD641EC">2590</mods:number>
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF9FFC8DCFFFD34727C4D9A" bold="true" box="[151,622,671,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Order
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DC84FD34727C4D9A" ID-CoL="8ZXG9" authority="Cornelius, 1992" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[236,622,671,697]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">
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Anthoathecata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DDC4FD34727C4D9A" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[428,622,671,697]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="245 - 261" refId="ref54306" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1992) Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina, 56, 245 - 261." type="journal article" year="1992">Cornelius, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF9FFC8DCFFFD41720D4C22" blockId="7.[151,543,746,769]" box="[151,543,746,769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEAE822FFF9FFC8DCFFFD4172094C22" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[151,539,746,769]" page="246" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" year="1992">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DCFFFD4172094C22" ID-CoL="8ZXG9" authority="Cornelius, 1992: 246" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityPageNumber="246" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,539,746,769]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">
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Anthoathecata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DD50FD4172094C22" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[312,539,746,769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="245 - 261" refId="ref54306" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1992) Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina, 56, 245 - 261." type="journal article" year="1992">Cornelius, 1992: 246</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF9FFC8DCFFFC9973694CCF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF9FFC8DCFFFC9973E24C57" blockId="7.[151,1436,818,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF9FFC8DCFFFC9971054C6F" bold="true" box="[151,279,818,844]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DD41FC99718E4C6F" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1843" box="[297,412,818,844]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">Hydrozoa</taxonomicName>
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with colonial or solitary hydroids having hydranths lacking hydrothecae, gonophores lacking gonothecae, and nematophores, if present, lacking nematothecae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF9FFC8DCAEFC2973694CCF" blockId="7.[151,1436,818,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Gonophores fixed sporosacs, eumedusoids, or medusae. Medusae, when present, usually with bell-shaped umbrella; marginal sense organs, when present, comprising ocelli, statocysts and cordyli absent; gonads on manubrium, infrequently extending onto bases of radial canals.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFF9FFC8DCAEFC5173184AD7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF9FFC8DCAEFC5174804A87" blockId="7.[151,1436,818,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF9FFC8DCAEFC51712D4B37" bold="true" box="[198,319,1018,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DD23FC5172074B37" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." box="[331,533,1018,1044]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="245 - 261" refId="ref54306" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1992) Medusa loss in leptolid Hydrozoa (Cnidaria), hydroid rafting, and abbreviated life-cycles among their remote-island faunae: an interim review. Scientia Marina, 56, 245 - 261." type="journal article" year="1992">Cornelius (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DEFFFC5173524B37" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[663,832,1018,1044]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Anthoathecata</taxonomicName>
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(later spelled
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DF9BFC5174BB4B37" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[1011,1193,1018,1044]" class="Hydrozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecatae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Anthoathecatae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8D8B4FC5170A44B1F" author="Cornelius, P. F. S." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref54350" refString="Cornelius, P. F. S. (1995) North-west European thecate hydroids and their medusae. Part I. Introduction, Laodiceidae to Haleciidae. Synopses of the British Fauna, (n. s.), 50, 347 pp." type="book" year="1995">Cornelius 1995: 74</bibRefCitation>
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) as a single replacement name for
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DE27FB89734C4B1F" authority="Hincks, 1868" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1868" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[591,862,1058,1084]" genus="Athecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" rank="genus" subOrder="Athecata">
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Athecata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DED7FB89734C4B1F" author="Hincks, T." box="[703,862,1058,1084]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref58146" refString="Hincks, T. (1868) A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. John van Voorst, London, 338 pp." type="book" year="1868">Hincks, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, established in a monograph on hydroids, and its junior synonym Anthomedusae
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DE7EFBE172D64B47" author="Haeckel, E." box="[534,708,1098,1124]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref57418" refString="Haeckel, E. (1879) Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Denkschriften der Medicinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena, 1, 360 pp." type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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, used in a systematic account on medusae. The name eliminates vestiges of a much-maligned dual nomenclature for the taxon, including awkward compound names such as “Athecatae/Anthomedusae.” As a term readily applicable to both major stages in the life cycle, it is more inclusive than either of the older names associated primarily or exclusively with either hydroids or medusae. In being applied to a taxon above the rank of family-group, no rules of zoological nomenclature are violated in adopting this recently established name.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DE9BFAB9738D4A0F" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[755,927,1298,1324]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Anthoathecata</taxonomicName>
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, now in widepread use, has been adopted in the World
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DD76FA9172FF4A77" authority="Database (Schuchert 2009)" authorityName="Database (Schuchert" authorityYear="2009" box="[286,749,1338,1364]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="class">
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Hydrozoa Database (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DE49FA9172F64A77" author="Schuchert, P." box="[545,740,1338,1364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref64674" refString="Schuchert, P. (2009) World Hydrozoa Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa (Last date of access: 28 December 2009)." type="url" year="2009">Schuchert 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, there is evidence from molecular work that
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DCFFFAC971524A5F" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,320,1378,1404]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Anthoathecata</taxonomicName>
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and its suborders
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DE48FAC9731E4A5F" authority="Kuhn, 1913" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1913" box="[544,780,1378,1404]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Filifera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">
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Filifera
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DEE8FAC9731E4A5F" author="Kuhn, A." box="[640,780,1378,1404]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref59332" refString="Kuhn, A. (1913) Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Hydrozoen. I. Teil: Die Hydroiden. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Zoologie, 4, 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1913">Kühn, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DF23FAC974564A5F" authority="Kuhn, 1913" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1913" box="[843,1092,1378,1404]" class="Polychaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Capitata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="order">
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Capitata
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8DFDFFAC974564A5F" author="Kuhn, A." box="[951,1092,1378,1404]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 284" refId="ref59332" refString="Kuhn, A. (1913) Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Hydrozoen. I. Teil: Die Hydroiden. Ergebnisse und Fortschritte der Zoologie, 4, 1 - 284." type="journal article" year="1913">Kühn, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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are not monophyletic (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8D936FAC9717E4A87" author="Cartwright, P. & Evans, N. M. & Dunn, C. W. & Marques, A. C. & Miglietta, M. P. & Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1663 - 1672" refId="ref53582" refString="Cartwright, P., Evans, N. M., Dunn, C. W., Marques, A. C., Miglietta, M. P., Schuchert, P. & Collins, A. G. (2008) Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 88, 1663 - 1672." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Cartwright
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFF9FFC8DC83FA20710C4A87" box="[235,286,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
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. 2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and classification of the entire assemblage must eventually change.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFF9FFC8DCAEFA1973184AD7" blockId="7.[151,1436,818,1524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Recognized as an order here,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFF9FFC8DE41FA1972C04AEF" authorityName="Cornelius" authorityYear="1992" box="[553,722,1458,1484]" class="Hydrozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Anthoathecata</taxonomicName>
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is essentially equivalent in scope to Gymnoblastea
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFF9FFC8D955FA1970C34AD7" author="Allman, G. J." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refId="ref49678" refString="Allman, G. J. (1871) A monograph of the gymnoblastic or tubularian hydroids. In two parts. I. The Hydroida in general. Ray Society, London, 154 pp." type="book" year="1871">Allman, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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as used and defined in older works on hydroids.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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