409 lines
55 KiB
XML
409 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="C9E0DD02350E5448C98CAFB7FE43F746" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2590.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629694286941" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Calder, Dale R." docDate="2010" docId="03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02590p091.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2590 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2590.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Hydrodendrium gorgonoides Nutting 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFDB075DFFFEFFCFDC68FFAB70124F23" masterDocTitle="Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1699097160624" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="58717C5672237FCF07EB9E642CEDCD56">Some anthoathecate hydroids and limnopolyps (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Hawaiian archipelago 2590</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5FF83DE1B11CBAFDB0E7E8BCE51A948E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AE625EE661DF039ADA6A21BC200A912B">Calder, Dale R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B0EBC558E663336AF6DA251D365CED38">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="15917F6DED8F178C3475EABC5C425335">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7AA4A722C8722D4B7C833AC44F521847">
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<mods:date id="19679896FC6666A414EB8F3A0DE679A6">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4B574B60B5403DC2526C58B0D7766B19">2010-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F63C891B0CCFE66E0CE605F2B32A9802">2590</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FF43B004BD509527155264ADA1C4200B">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2590.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C25E4FBE2E0FA73D3F5D38C1BD3EAC22" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.2590.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9EE487897BE526355C8F4CABC713BDD9" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFE1FFD0DCFFF8C9713348BC" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFE1FFD0DCFFF8C972B7485F" blockId="31.[151,677,1890,1951]" box="[151,677,1890,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0BC795FFFE1FFD0DCFFF8C972B7485F" bold="true" box="[151,677,1890,1916]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFE1FFD0DCFFF8C972B7485F" ID-CoL="6MJLW" authority="Nutting, 1905" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,677,1890,1916]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFE1FFD0DCFFF8C972B7485F" bold="true" box="[151,677,1890,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFE1FFD0DCFFF8C971E6485F" bold="true" box="[151,500,1890,1916]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hydrodendrium gorgonoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFE1FFD0DD93F8C972B7485F" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[507,677,1890,1916]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFE1FFD0DCFFF82E713348BC" blockId="31.[151,677,1890,1951]" box="[151,289,1925,1951]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 18–20</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFE1FFEFDCFFF87E744C4F91" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFE1FFEFDCFFF87E744C4F91" blockId="31.[151,1009,2005,2028]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5BE91DFFE1FFEFDCFFF87E744C4F91" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEAE822FFE1FFD0DCFFF87E728C48CF" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[151,670,2005,2028]" page="936" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFE1FFD0DCFFF87E728C48CF" ID-CoL="6MJLW" authority="Nutting, 1905: 936" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="936" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,670,2005,2028]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
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<emphasis id="B93F1221FFE1FFD0DCFFF87E71D948CF" box="[151,459,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hydrodendrium gorgonoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFE1FFD0DDBAF87E728C48CF" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[466,670,2005,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905: 936</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 1, figs. 1–6, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2.
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||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCFFFF3C712E4F92" bold="true" box="[151,316,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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||
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFDEFFEFDCFFFF3C70C64F92" box="[151,212,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality.
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</emphasis>
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||
<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFDEFFEFDD2CFF3371914F91" box="[324,387,152,178]" name="United States of America" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDEFFEFDDE6FF3371F74F91" box="[398,485,152,178]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
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, between Honolulu and Kauai,
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<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDF3EFF3373B24F91" box="[854,928,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.41" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="541.0">541 m</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDFC7FF3374434F91" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[943,1105,152,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
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).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFDEFFEFDCAEFF14752D4D39" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFF1475834EE9" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFF1471AF4FFA" bold="true" box="[198,445,191,217]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B23C46EFFDEFFEFDDAFFF6B71F74E59" collectingDate="1902-06-12" collectingDateMax="1970-09-30" collectingDateMin="1902-06-12" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Oahu & Kaena Point & R. Grigg" elevation="519" latitude="21.623333" location="Kauai" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="-158.37167" municipality="Molokea Point" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="USNM 22167, D520" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<location id="8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDDAFFF6B72034FF9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51:8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDDAFFF6B72034FF9" box="[455,529,192,218]" latitude="21.623333" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="-158.37167" municipality="Molokea Point" name="Kauai" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kauai</location>
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||
: Albatross Stn. 3991, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B905449FFDEFFEFDF21FF6B73EE4FF9" box="[841,1020,192,218]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Molokea Point</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFD862FF6B74A94FF9" box="[1034,1211,192,218]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="25.6944" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="22.42824">22º25.6944’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFD8A2FF6B758A4FF9" box="[1226,1432,192,218]" degrees="159" direction="west" minutes="38.7500" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="-159.64583">159º 38.7500’ W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDCFFFF4371334E21" box="[151,289,232,258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="4.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="519.0" valueMax="541.0" valueMin="497.0">
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||
<elevation id="00662900FFDEFFEFDCFFFF4371334E21" box="[151,289,232,258]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="4.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="519.0" valueMax="541.0" valueMin="497.0">497–541 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<date id="FFF5E8F3FFDEFFEFDD59FF4371A34E21" box="[305,433,232,258]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1902-06-12">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFB1111BFFDEFFEFDD59FF4371A34E21" box="[305,433,232,258]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1902-06-12">12.vi.1902</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, one fragmentary colony, with fragments to
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||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDFB8FF43740F4E21" box="[976,1053,232,258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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||
high, with gonophores,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBED6648FFDEFFEFD92FFF4370F24E09" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">USNM 22167</specimenCode>
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||
[
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||
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFDEFFEFDC99FEBB71844E09" box="[241,406,272,298]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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||
].–
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||
<collectorName id="26BEABE5FFDEFFEFDDD8FEBB71E04E09" box="[432,498,272,298]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Oahu</collectorName>
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||
: off
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||
<collectorName id="26BEABE5FFDEFFEFDE45FEBB72D14E09" box="[557,707,272,298]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kaena Point</collectorName>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFDEB9FEBB735E4E09" box="[721,844,272,298]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="37.4" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="21.623333">21º37.4’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFDF34FEBB73E14E09" box="[860,1011,272,298]" degrees="158" direction="west" minutes="22.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="-158.37167">158º 22.3’W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFD86BFEBB749C4E09" box="[1027,1166,272,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.029999999999999" metricValueMin="3.37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="370.0" valueMax="403.0" valueMin="337.0">
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||
<elevation id="00662900FFDEFFEFD86BFEBB749C4E09" box="[1027,1166,272,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="4.029999999999999" metricValueMin="3.37" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="370.0" valueMax="403.0" valueMin="337.0">337–403 m</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
, SANGO III, haul #2, tangle nets,
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||
<date id="FFF5E8F3FFDEFFEFDD4DFE9371B44E71" box="[293,422,312,338]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1970-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB1111BFFDEFFEFDD4DFE9371B44E71" box="[293,422,312,338]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1970-09-30">30.ix.1970</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, one fragmentary branched colony, 7.9 cm high, with hydranths, without gonophores, coll.
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||
<collectorName id="26BEABE5FFDEFFEFDCBAFECB712E4E59" box="[210,316,352,378]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. Grigg</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5A56F6FFDEFFEFDD20FECB718B4E59" box="[328,409,352,378]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBED6648FFDEFFEFDDCAFECB71F74E59" box="[418,485,352,378]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">D520</specimenCode>
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B23C46EFFDEFFEFDD91FECB71F34EE9" collectingDate="1970-08-09" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="R. Grigg" elevation="398" latitude="21.598333" location="Oahu" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="-158.39166" municipality="Kaena Point" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="D521" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDD91FECB722F4E59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51:8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDD91FECB722F4E59" box="[505,573,352,378]" latitude="21.598333" longLatPrecision="126" longitude="-158.39166" municipality="Kaena Point" name="Oahu" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Oahu</location>
|
||
: off
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B905449FFDEFFEFDE1AFECB73144E59" box="[626,774,352,378]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kaena Point</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFDF7AFECB739F4E59" box="[786,909,352,378]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="35.9" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="21.598333">21º35.9’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE7FA8F4FFDEFFEFDFF2FECB743D4E59" box="[922,1071,352,378]" degrees="158" direction="west" minutes="23.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="92" value="-158.39166">158º 23.5’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFD854FECB74D64E59" box="[1084,1220,352,378]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.975" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="397.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="380.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00662900FFDEFFEFD854FECB74D64E59" box="[1084,1220,352,378]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.975" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="397.5" valueMax="415.0" valueMin="380.0">380–415 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, SANGO III, haul #2, tangle nets,
|
||
<date id="FFF5E8F3FFDEFFEFDD39FE2371C14E81" box="[337,467,392,418]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1970-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB1111BFFDEFFEFDD39FE2371C14E81" box="[337,467,392,418]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1970-08-09">9.viii.1970</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one fragmentary branched colony, 11.3 cm high, with hydranths and gonophores, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26BEABE5FFDEFFEFDCB9FE1B71294EE9" box="[209,315,432,458]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. Grigg</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5A56F6FFDEFFEFDD2FFE1B718A4EE9" box="[327,408,432,458]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBED6648FFDEFFEFDDC8FE1B71F34EE9" box="[416,481,432,458]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">D521</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.–
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B23C46EFFDEFFEFDD9DFE1B759F4EE9" box="[501,1421,432,458]" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="R. Grigg" location="No" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="D522" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<location id="8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDD9DFE1B72094EE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51:8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDD9DFE1B72094EE9" box="[501,539,432,458]" name="No" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">No</location>
|
||
collection data, one dried colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDFC5FE1B73E44EE9" box="[941,1014,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26BEABE5FFDEFFEFD812FE1B74F14EE9" box="[1146,1251,432,458]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">R. Grigg</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5A56F6FFDEFFEFD887FE1B75534EE9" box="[1263,1345,432,458]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBED6648FFDEFFEFD920FE1B759F4EE9" box="[1352,1421,432,458]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">D522</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFE7C752D4D39" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFE7C71D44ED2" bold="true" box="[198,454,471,497]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Other type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B23C46EFFDEFFEFDDA5FE7375294D39" collectingDate="1902-06-12" collectionCode="CAS" elevation="519" location="Kauai" municipality="Mokolea Point" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="IZ163" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<location id="8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDDA5FE7372054ED1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51:8E9498E8FFDEFFEFDDA5FE7372054ED1" box="[461,535,472,498]" municipality="Mokolea Point" name="Kauai" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Kauai</location>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B905449FFDEFFEFDE4AFE7372C14ED1" box="[546,723,472,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Mokolea Point</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 22.256944’ N, 159.387500’ W,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFD83AFE7374CB4ED1" box="[1106,1241,472,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="4.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="519.0" valueMax="541.0" valueMin="497.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00662900FFDEFFEFD83AFE7374CB4ED1" box="[1106,1241,472,498]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1899999999999995" metricValueMax="5.41" metricValueMin="4.97" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="519.0" valueMax="541.0" valueMin="497.0">497–541 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFF5E8F3FFDEFFEFD88DFE7375774ED1" box="[1253,1381,472,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1902-06-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFB1111BFFDEFFEFD88DFE7375774ED1" box="[1253,1381,472,498]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="1902-06-12">12.vi.1902</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, one branch, Albatross Stn. 3991,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5A56F6FFDEFFEFDD83FDAB72364D39" box="[491,548,512,538]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBED6648FFDEFFEFDE43FDAB72614D39" box="[555,627,512,538]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Museum">IZ163</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFDEFFEFDEEBFDAB72F34D39" box="[643,737,512,538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
) [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFDEFFEFDE9EFDAB73E24D39" box="[758,1008,512,538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDF94FDAB75264D39" author="Fautin, D. G. & Weitbrecht, B. E." box="[1020,1332,512,538]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref55527" refString="Fautin, D. G. & Weitbrecht, B. E. (1985) Catalog of non-asteroid, non-mollusk type specimens in the Department of Invertebrate Zoology, California Academy of Sciences. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 143, 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="1985">Fautin & Weitbrecht 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFDEFFEFDCAEFD8C74234BB9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFD8C71BA4C89" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFD8C714C4D62" bold="true" box="[198,350,551,577]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Hydroid colonies fragmentary, robust, erect, dendritic, irregularly branched in one plane, reaching to
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDD4DFDFB717D4D49" box="[293,367,592,618]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, 1.9 cm wide. Hydrocaulus and branches forming a thick, woody, spongy, chitinous axis penetrated and overlaid by naked coenosarc; chitinous fibers of axis somewhat twisted, branched, running parallel or nearly so to axis of hydrocaulus and branches, appearing twisted. Hydranths in preserved material columnar, stout throughout, fairly short, to about 0.7 mm high, lacking perisarc, arising from coenosarcal strands overlying grooves in chitinous matrix, scattered irregularly over hydrocaulus and branches but most numerous in axils of branches; tentacles filiform, solid, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFD82CFCB374B94C11" box="[1092,1195,792,818]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="10.0">10–13 in</quantity>
|
||
number, arranged in one whorl around hypostome, bearing warts and incomplete rings formed by batteries of nematocysts, hypostome dome-shaped to almost flattened, with central round mouth. Colour of preserved colony tan, hydranths and gonophores cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFC1373AB4B69" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gonophores styloid sporosacs, arising from essentially normal to slightly shrunken hydranths as sacshaped outgrowths of hydranth wall, with one per hydranth, becoming very large, laterally flattened, spadeshaped, with wide base connected to hydranth by a thick pedicel, round-pointed apex pointing away from hydranth, lacking spadix, radial canals, tentacle bulbs, and tentacles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFBFC73DF4B51" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[198,973,1111,1138]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFBFC71794B52" bold="true" box="[198,363,1111,1137]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Nematocysts.</emphasis>
|
||
desmonemes (5.6–6.1 µm long × 3.9–4.1 µm wide)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFB2B74234BB9" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[198,1073,1152,1178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Heterotrichous microbasic euryteles (8.5–9.2 µm long × 3.8–4.0 µm wide)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3519DB8FFDEFFEEDCAEFB0C729E4B51" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFB0C752B4A19" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFB0C712D4BE2" bold="true" box="[198,319,1191,1217]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDD21FB03735E4BE1" authority="Nutting, 1905" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[329,844,1192,1218]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDD21FB03728C4BE2" box="[329,670,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydrodendrium gorgonoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDEC0FB03735E4BE1" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[680,844,1192,1218]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDEFFEFD822FB03748C4BE1" box="[1098,1182,1192,1218]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
on the basis of what appear to be fragments of a single colony. While the tallest intact specimen observed here (BPBM D522) was
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFDCFFFB5370CD4A31" box="[151,223,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, Nutting believed that the hydroid may reach as much as a foot (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDEFFEFD877FB5374794A31" box="[1055,1131,1272,1298]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
|
||
) or more in height, based on fragments in his sample. Colonies are octocoral-like in colony form, as its specific name suggests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFAE3751A4A91" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
In an earlier work (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDDCFFAE372794A41" author="Calder, D. R." box="[423,619,1352,1378]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="13 - 25" refId="ref52925" refString="Calder, D. R. (2004) From birds to hydroids: Charles Cleveland Nutting (1858 - 1927) of the University of Iowa, USA. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 13 - 25." type="journal article" year="2004">Calder 2004: 20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species was listed under the binomen
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFD806FAE375864A42" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1134,1428,1352,1377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFD806FAE375864A42" box="[1134,1428,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydractinia gorgonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For reasons given immediately above, it is removed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDF57FADB74D54AA9" authority="Van Beneden, 1844 a" authorityName="Van Beneden" authorityYear="1844" box="[831,1223,1392,1418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDF57FADB73DE4AAA" box="[831,972,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydractinia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDFBDFADB74D54AA9" author="Van Beneden, P. - J." box="[981,1223,1392,1418]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="305 - 314" refId="ref66116" refString="Van Beneden, P. - J. (1844 a) Sur les genres Eleutherie et Synhydre. Bulletins de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles- Lettres de Bruxelles, 11 (2), 305 - 314." type="journal article" year="1844">Van Beneden, 1844a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here and returned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDCDDFA33720F4A91" authority="Nutting, 1905" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[181,541,1432,1458]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCDDFA33717D4A92" box="[181,367,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydrodendrium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDD1EFA33720F4A91" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[374,541,1432,1458]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDE40FA33730F4A91" author="Stechow, E." box="[552,797,1432,1458]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="29 - 270" refId="ref65426" refString="Stechow, E. (1923 b) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teil. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere, 47, 29 - 270." type="journal article" year="1923">Stechow (1923b: 71)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had included it as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDF91FA3375124A92" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1017,1280,1432,1457]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Nuttingia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDF91FA3375124A92" box="[1017,1280,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Nuttingia gorgonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEFA6B73C14909" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDCAEFA6B720E4AFA" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[198,540,1472,1497]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCAEFA6B720E4AFA" box="[198,540,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydrodendrium gorgonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDEFFEFDFEAFA6B73CB4AF9" box="[898,985,1472,1498]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is a poorly known species. Material examined here represents only the second published record of the species. The scarcity of records may be due in part to difficulties of sampling its rocky, rugged, deep-water habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEFDCAEF993715F49D1" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Although not unique among hydractiniids, it is unusual in being monomorphic and in having a massive, erect, porous skeletal axis formed of chitin and covered with naked coenosarc. A detailed account of the structure of its hydrocaulus was given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDE2AF92372E64981" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[578,756,1672,1698]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Gonophores of the species differ from other hydractiniids in being hernia-like sporosacs arising from the walls of normal hydranths. Colonies are said to be monoecious (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDCF7F973715249D1" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[159,320,1752,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDEFFEEDCAEF8AB71924E09" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Several other species of hydractiniids are known to have an erect and chitinous skeleton invested with coenosarc, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDDF8F88373294861" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[400,827,1832,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="angusta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDDF8F88372904862" box="[400,642,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydractinia angusta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDEE1F88373294861" author="Hartlaub, C." box="[649,827,1832,1858]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref57608" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. Expedition Antarctique Belge. Resultats du Voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1898 - 1899. Rapports Scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDF2FF883750B4861" authority="Hickson & Gravely, 1907" authorityName="Hickson & Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[839,1305,1832,1858]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDF2FF88373F14862" box="[839,995,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. dendritica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDF82F883750B4861" author="Hickson, S. J. & Gravely, F. H." box="[1002,1305,1832,1858]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref58054" refString="Hickson, S. J. & Gravely, F. H. (1907) Hydroid zoophytes. National Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1904. Natural History 3, Coelentera II, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1907">Hickson & Gravely, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFD94DF88371474849" authority="Stimpson, 1858" authorityName=", Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFD94DF883758E4862" box="[1317,1436,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. sodalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDCFFF8FB71474849" author="Stimpson, W." box="[151,341,1872,1898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="225 - 252" refId="ref65519" refString="Stimpson, W. (1858) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rogers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VII. Crustacea Anomoura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10, 225 - 252." type="journal article" year="1858">Stimpson, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDD0DF8FB729C4849" authority="Fraser, 1938 b" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1938" box="[357,654,1872,1898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Stomotoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rugosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDD0DF8FB71CC484A" box="[357,478,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. rugosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDD81F8FB729C4849" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[489,654,1872,1898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="129 - 153" refId="ref55791" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1938 b) Hydroids of the 1932, 1933, 1935, and 1938 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 129 - 153." type="journal article" year="1938">Fraser, 1938b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its likely synonym,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDFAAF8FB74FD4849" authority="Fraser, 1948" authorityName="Fraser" authorityYear="1948" box="[962,1263,1872,1898]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="prolifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDFAAF8FB745C484A" box="[962,1102,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. prolifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFD831F8FB74FD4849" author="Fraser, C. M." box="[1113,1263,1872,1898]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="179 - 343" refId="ref55932" refString="Fraser, C. M. (1948) Hydroids of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions since March, 1938. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions, 4, 179 - 343." type="journal article" year="1948">Fraser, 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Calder
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFD935F8FB7587484A" box="[1373,1429,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDC83F8D3720148B1" authority="Hirohito, 1984" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1984" box="[235,531,1912,1938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bayeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDC83F8D3714948B2" box="[235,347,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. bayeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDD0BF8D3720148B1" author="Hirohito & The Showa Emperor" box="[355,531,1912,1938]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref58284" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1984) A new hydroid Hydractinia bayeri n. sp. (family Hydractiniidae) from the Bay of Panama. Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 8 pp." type="book" year="1984">Hirohito, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDE48F8D3739948B1" authority="Hirohito, 1988" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1988" box="[544,907,1912,1938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cryptogonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDE48F8D372C048B2" box="[544,722,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. cryptogonia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFDEB3F8D3739948B1" author="Hirohito & The Showa Emperor" box="[731,907,1912,1938]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref58325" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1988) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part 1. Athecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 179 pp." type="book" year="1988">Hirohito, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDFA3F8D3751748B1" authority="Miglietta, 2006" authorityName="Miglietta" authorityYear="2006" box="[971,1285,1912,1938]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antonii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDFA3F8D3745148B2" box="[971,1091,1912,1937]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. antonii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDEFFEFD824F8D3751748B1" author="Miglietta, M. P." box="[1100,1285,1912,1938]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="993 - 996" refId="ref60869" refString="Miglietta, M. P. (2006) Hydractinia antonii sp. nov.: a new, partially calcified hydractiniid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydractiniidae) from Alaska. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 86, 993 - 996." type="journal article" year="2006">Miglietta, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All of these but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDCACF80B7167489A" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1988" box="[196,373,1952,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cryptogonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDCACF80B7167489A" box="[196,373,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. cryptogonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDE6DF80B7345489A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1905" box="[517,855,1952,1977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydrodendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="gorgonoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDE6DF80B7345489A" box="[517,855,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hydrodendrium gorgonoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having polymorphic rather than monomorphic colonies. Moreover, the chitinous skeletons of all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFDF4EF86373D748C2" authorityName="Hickson & Gravely" authorityYear="1907" box="[806,965,1992,2017]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dendritica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFDF4EF86373D748C2" box="[806,965,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. dendritica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDEFFEFD86DF86374AB48C2" authorityName="Hirohito" authorityYear="1988" box="[1029,1209,1992,2017]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cryptogonia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDEFFEFD86DF86374AB48C2" box="[1029,1209,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">H. cryptogonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bear large, jagged spines instead of being smooth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEEDE66FF3373DB4F91" authority="Carter, 1878" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1878" box="[526,969,152,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEEDE66FF3373204F92" box="[526,818,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hydractinia arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDF51FF3373DB4F91" author="Carter, H. J." box="[825,969,152,178]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="298 - 311" refId="ref53535" refString="Carter, H. J. (1878) On new species of Hydractiniidae, recent and fossil, and on the identity in structure of Millepora alcicornis with Stromatopora. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 1, 298 - 311." type="journal article" year="1878">Carter, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a similar colony form, but that species was described from poor material and is known only from its skeleton. Based on current knowledge, it is considered a nomen dubium. The provenance of its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F07091FFDFFFEEDE9FFF43733B4E21" box="[759,809,232,258]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material was uncertain, possibly somewhere in Polynesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDC8AFEBB71614E09" author="Carter, H. J." box="[226,371,272,298]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="298 - 311" refId="ref53535" refString="Carter, H. J. (1878) On new species of Hydractiniidae, recent and fossil, and on the identity in structure of Millepora alcicornis with Stromatopora. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 1, 298 - 311." type="journal article" year="1878">Carter 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDFFFEEDCAEFE9372064DB1" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
As for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEEDD70FE9372704E71" authority=", Stimpson (1858)" authorityName=", Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[280,610,312,338]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEEDD70FE93719D4E72" box="[280,399,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. sodalis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDDF6FE9372704E71" author="Stimpson, W." box="[414,610,312,338]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="225 - 252" refId="ref65519" refString="Stimpson, W. (1858) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rogers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VII. Crustacea Anomoura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10, 225 - 252." type="journal article" year="1858">Stimpson (1858)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has consistently been cited as author of the name. It might be debated whether that author’s brief mention of it meets criteria of availability under Art. 12 of the ICZN. In describing a new pagurid crab (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEEDDE4FE23726E4E82" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[396,636,392,417]" class="Malacostraca" family="Paguridae" genus="Eupagurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEEDDE4FE23726E4E82" box="[396,636,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Eupagurus constans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from “Hakodadi” (Hakodate,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDFFFEEDF86FE2374774E81" box="[1006,1125,392,418]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFDFFFEED81AFE2374AB4E81" box="[1138,1209,392,418]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
), he wrote: “Carcinoecium corneum spirale, base convolutum, muricatum, a polypo hydroideo (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEED843FE1B75064EEA" authorityName=", Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[1067,1300,432,457]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEED843FE1B75064EEA" box="[1067,1300,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hydractinia sodalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nob.) constructum…” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDD50FE7372394ED1" author="Stimpson, W." box="[312,555,472,498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="225 - 252" refId="ref65519" refString="Stimpson, W. (1858) Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republica Federata missa, Cadwaladaro Ringgold et Johanne Rogers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VII. Crustacea Anomoura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 10, 225 - 252." type="journal article" year="1858">Stimpson 1858: 249</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). That perfunctory account has nevertheless been sufficient for the species to be recognizable, so prevailing authorship and date of the name have been retained here. A few more details of the hydroid, including an illustration, were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDF32FD8374444D61" author="Stimpson, W." box="[858,1110,552,578]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="4 - 240" refId="ref65577" refString="Stimpson, W. (1907) Report on the Crustacea (Brachyura and Anomura) collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853 - 1856. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 49 (3), 4 - 240." type="journal article" year="1907">Stimpson (1907: 219</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 24, fig. 3) in a posthumous publication.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDD1BFDFB723F4D49" author="Stechow, E." box="[371,557,592,618]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="192 - 200" refId="ref65167" refString="Stechow, E. (1907) Neue japanische Athecata und Plumularidae aus der Sammlung Dr. Doflein. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 32, 192 - 200." type="journal article" year="1907">Stechow (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the first detailed description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEED872FDFB74804D4A" authorityName=", Stimpson" authorityYear="1858" box="[1050,1170,592,617]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" genus="Hydractinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="sodalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEED872FDFB74804D4A" box="[1050,1170,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">H. sodalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now quite familiar in waters of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35C8EA3FFDFFFEEDD62FDD3715F4DB1" box="[266,333,632,658]" name="Japan" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDD34FDD3721A4DB1" author="Hirohito & The Showa Emperor" box="[348,520,632,658]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref58325" refString="Hirohito, The Showa Emperor (1988) The hydroids of Sagami Bay. Part 1. Athecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo, 179 pp." type="book" year="1988">Hirohito 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDFFFEEDCAEFD0B74D44DC1" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
All eight gonophores examined microscopically by me from a single colony (BPBM D521) were male, but both male and female gonophores were reported on the same colony by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEED878FD6374D04DC1" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[1040,1218,712,738]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDFFFEEDCAEFD5B70D74CD9" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
This hydroid has sometimes been overlooked in species lists and other accounts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4BB5B0FFDFFFEED8A1FD5B71504C11" authority="L. Agassiz, 1862" authorityName="L. Agassiz" authorityYear="1862" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hydractiniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">
|
||
Hydractiniidae L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDCFFFCB371504C11" author="Agassiz, L." box="[151,322,792,818]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refId="ref49388" refString="Agassiz, L. (1862) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America. Vol. IV. Little, Brown, Boston, 380 pp." type="book" year="1862">Agassiz, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One of the colonies studied here (BPBM D521) had been examined and identified earlier as this species by both W.J. Cooke and W. Vervoort (from information on labels contained in the bottle). A dried colony also exists at the Bishop Museum (BPBM D522). Although likely from the Hawaiian islands, its provenance is not known. Collection data record the collector as R. Grigg of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDFFFEEDF85FC3B74574C89" box="[1005,1093,912,938]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and the identifier as W. Vervoort. It is much branched and root-like in shape, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDFFFEEDF34FC1373B64CF1" box="[860,932,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="21.0">21 cm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDFFFEED87FFC1374434CF1" box="[1047,1105,952,978]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the base (Fig. 18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDFFFEEDCAEFBAC71A04B69" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93F1221FFDFFFEEDCAEFBAC71F04B02" bold="true" box="[198,482,1031,1057]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Reported distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B23C46EFFDFFFEEDD86FBA371BC4B69" elevation="541" location="Honolulu" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDFFFEEDD86FBA372544B01" box="[494,582,1032,1058]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Albatross Stn. 3991, “between
|
||
<location id="8E9498E8FFDFFFEEDFBBFBA374504B01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E27F25FFE1FFEEDCFFF8C9729E4B51:8E9498E8FFDFFFEEDFBBFBA374504B01" box="[979,1090,1032,1058]" name="Honolulu" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" stateProvince="Hawaii">Honolulu</location>
|
||
and Kauai…, 296 fathoms” (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB363D6FFDFFFEEDCF7FB9B70FE4B69" box="[159,236,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.41" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="541.0">
|
||
<elevation id="00662900FFDFFFEEDCF7FB9B70FE4B69" box="[159,236,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.41" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="541.0">541 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDAB3C2FFDFFFEEDD6CFB9B71B74B69" author="Nutting, C. C." box="[260,421,1072,1098]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="931 - 959" refId="ref62148" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1905) Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission for 1903, pp. 931 - 959." type="journal article" year="1905">Nutting 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF4CE33FFDFFFEEDCAEFBF3729E4B51" blockId="33.[151,1436,152,1138]" box="[198,652,1112,1138]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Worldwide. Known only from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498F00D1FFDFFFEEDE58FBF3729A4B51" box="[560,648,1112,1138]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |