585 lines
84 KiB
XML
585 lines
84 KiB
XML
<document id="1DD33DC591AF2F8F24977EDE6CC0C9FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="54579" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2023.62-06" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb748228-09e9-4434-997d-2512124f7a72" ID-PMC="PMC10165349" ID-PubMed="37168708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075254" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1687184636027" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Gudin, Filipe Macedo" docDate="2023" docId="03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.62.06.1-25.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 62 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Lixophaga punctata" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFD9F379FFFB7613051CFFF7FFD2FFA0" masterDocTitle="Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1687532118645" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="72FF0AF5578102F16262E2C29EAB3C28">Annotated Catalog of Vespid Hosts (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Tachinidae (Diptera), with Description of a New Species of Ophirion Townsend from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C81B661ADCA89881C73F71B80CBDB9B4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E8DB90DEF0CC9695102B3A4B07A56E8B">Gudin, Filipe Macedo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3FF0E373EEF19D6856351F9DBB0156CE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1189228C8C8143C61094DDD20F7BF4EA">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6760C690DCB712C62E7749E2EEF89275">
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<mods:date id="8893F467AA3925FD7DAA174A055FFB12">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EB146E86A8D3F8AA98333AC7CE32071C">2023-03-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1799600FD5C035211AD1BFDB0804B693">62</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1BFAC851E3B5B881C8D1C93E07462C26">6</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="39B201D1289F448D5577A9EEE6E1AE91">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="6F3651F648054CA8E12FA082807BD1EC" type="DOI">10.6620/ZS.2023.62-06</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DBC8CFC5BBCA75A9859AD8E587DB7EA" type="PubMed">37168708</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection id="C353699CFFF7761F05F6FF0AFD18FEB6" box="[234,714,253,278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05F6FF0AFD18FEB6" blockId="12.[234,714,253,310]" box="[234,714,253,278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<heading id="D0BE8D7BFFF7761F05F6FF0AFD18FEB6" bold="true" box="[234,714,253,278]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F05F6FF0AFD18FEB6" ID-CoL="72KFP" authority="(Townsend, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[234,714,253,278]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FF0AFD18FEB6" bold="true" box="[234,714,253,278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FF0AFE34FEB6" bold="true" box="[234,486,253,278]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lixophaga punctata</emphasis>
|
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFF7761F04E8FF0AFD16FEB6" author="Townsend CHT" box="[500,708,253,278]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="203 - 385" refId="ref15804" refString="Townsend CHT. 1927. Synopse dos generos muscideos da regiao humida tropical da America, com generos e especies novas. Rev Mus Paul 15: 203 - 385 + 4 pls. + [4 (errata)]." type="book chapter" year="1927">Townsend, 1927</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353699CFFF7761F048EFEEAFDF0FE96" box="[402,546,285,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F048EFEEAFDF0FE96" blockId="12.[234,714,253,310]" box="[402,546,285,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F0486FEEAFE34FE96" box="[410,486,285,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-141@13.[136,1413,473,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Record of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend) in Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White). A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F04EDFEE9FDD2FE96" box="[497,512,286,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[138,169,1812,1831]" captionTargetBox="[148,1404,871,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-399@17.[141,1410,854,1780]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Male terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Sternite five; B, Lateral view of postabdomen, showing sclerites of segments 5–8; C, Lateral view of genitalia and line drawing highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas); D, Posterior view of genitalia. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bac scl = bacilliform sclerite, basph = basiphallus, epand = epandrium, cerc = cercus, d m proc = dorsal median process, distph = distiphallus, ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme, epiph = epiphallus, hemitg = hemitergite, hypd = hypandrium, lv scl = lateroventral sclerite, pgt = postgonite, phapod = phallapodeme, pregt = pregonite, st = sternite, sur = surstylus, syntg = syntergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075278/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8</figureCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F0710FEE9FDC8FE96" box="[524,538,286,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[175,206,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[189,1437,586,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-5@18.[182,1443,570,1869]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 9. Female terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively; B, Line drawings of dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, hemitg = hemitergite, hyp = hypoproct, l arm = lateral arm; spr = spiracle, st = sternite, tg = tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075283/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353699CFFF7761F05B2FEAEFE45FDE1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05B2FEAEFEBCFE01" blockId="12.[174,775,344,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB591D39FFF7761F05B2FEAEFEBCFE01" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE81C06FFF7761F05B2FEAEFDB0FECB" author="Townsend CHT" box="[174,610,344,363]" page="344" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1927">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F05B2FEAEFDB0FECB" ID-CoL="8D6ZB" authority="Townsend, 1927: 344" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1927" box="[174,610,344,363]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
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||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05B2FEAEFEA7FECB" box="[174,373,345,363]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paranetia punctata</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B21304AFFF7761F049CFEAFFDB0FECB" box="[384,610,344,363]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFF7761F049CFEAFFDB0FECB" author="Townsend CHT" box="[384,610,344,363]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="203 - 385" refId="ref15804" refString="Townsend CHT. 1927. Synopse dos generos muscideos da regiao humida tropical da America, com generos e especies novas. Rev Mus Paul 15: 203 - 385 + 4 pls. + [4 (errata)]." type="book chapter" year="1927">Townsend, 1927: 344</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFF7761F076CFEAFFD1FFECB" box="[624,717,344,363]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (USNM), examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F0484FE84FE1DFE26" box="[408,463,371,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[181,1451,966,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-403@14.[174,1451,966,1898]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Holotype male of Paranetia punctata Townsend (USNM). A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Head, frontal view; C, Habitus, dorsal view; D, Labels. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075270/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Type locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFF7761F0779FE84FD4FFE26" box="[613,669,371,390]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF4F5FFF7761F07BBFE84FCD1FE26" box="[679,771,371,390]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
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||
, Itaquaquecetuba.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05B2FE5FFE63FE51" blockId="12.[174,775,344,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB591D39FFF7761F05B2FE5FFE63FE51" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE81C06FFF7761F05B2FE5FFDC8FE1B" author="Curran CH" box="[174,538,424,443]" page="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1937">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F05B2FE5FFDC8FE1B" ID-CoL="8DG3N" authority="Curran, 1937: 3" authorityName="Curran. A, C" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1937" box="[174,538,424,443]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Polybiophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi">
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||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05B2FE5FFE50FE1B" box="[174,386,424,443]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Polybiophila fitzgeraldi</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B21304AFFF7761F0495FE5FFDC8FE1B" box="[393,538,424,443]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Mount Saint Benedict." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFF7761F0495FE5FFDC8FE1B" author="Curran CH" box="[393,538,424,443]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref13525" refString="Curran CH. 1937. Two new Tachinidae (Diptera) parasitic on Polybia species (Hymenoptera). Am Mus Novit 923: 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1937">Curran, 1937: 3</bibRefCitation>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFF7761F0739FE5FFDA4FE1B" box="[549,630,424,443]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
male (AMNH), examined (
|
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<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F0421FE34FEA7FE76" box="[317,373,451,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[136,167,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,592,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-189@15.[136,1413,592,1899]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 6. Type material of Polybiophila fitzgeraldi Curran. A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of holotype male (AMNH), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view paratype female (AMNH), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075272/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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||
). Type locality:
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||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFF7761F0714FE34FD10FE76" box="[520,706,451,470]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8E966CCCFFF7761F07D1FE34FE8DFE51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815:8E966CCCFFF7761F07D1FE34FE8DFE51" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Mount Saint Benedict." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mount Saint Benedict.</location>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E5B7EFFF7761F047FFE29FE63FE51" box="[355,433,478,497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05B2FE0EFE45FDE1" blockId="12.[174,775,344,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB591D39FFF7761F05B2FE0EFE45FDE1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AE81C06FFF7761F05B2FE0EFDF4FDAB" author="Thompson WR" box="[174,550,504,524]" page="125" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" year="1968">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F05B2FE0EFDF4FDAB" ID-CoL="8DP35" authority="Thompson, 1968: 125" authorityName="Thompson (CNC" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1968" box="[174,550,504,524]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Santacruzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05B2FE0EFE8DFDAB" box="[174,351,504,524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Santacruzia dubiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B21304AFFF7761F0479FE0FFDF4FDAB" box="[357,550,504,523]" collectionCode="CNC" country="Trinidad and Tobago" location="Santa Cruz Valley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFF7761F0479FE0FFDF4FDAB" author="Thompson WR" box="[357,550,504,523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 207" refId="ref15640" refString="Thompson WR. 1968. The tachinids of Trinidad. VIII. Phorocerines. Mem Entomol Soc Can 56: 1 - 207. doi: 10.4039 / entm 10056 fv." type="journal article" year="1968">Thompson, 1968: 125</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFF7761F072CFE0FFDADFDAB" box="[560,639,504,523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (CNC), examined (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F0423FDE4FEAAFD86" box="[319,376,531,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,746,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-246@16.[174,1451,746,1896]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7. Holotype male of Santacruzia dubiosa Thompson (CNC). A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Habitus, dorsal view; C, Head, frontal view; D, Labels. Images originally lacking scales." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075276/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Type locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFF7761F0711FDE4FD19FD86" box="[525,715,531,550]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E966CCCFFF7761F07CAFDE4FE90FDE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E08B01FFF7760005F6FF0AFDBBF815:8E966CCCFFF7761F07CAFDE4FE90FDE1" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Santa Cruz Valley" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Santa Cruz Valley</location>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E5B7EFFF7761F0455FDD9FE45FDE1" box="[329,407,558,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C353699CFFF7760005F6FD9EFDBBF815" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05F6FD9EFD61FD01" blockId="12.[174,776,617,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FD9EFE6DFD21" box="[234,447,617,641]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
: 10 ³ (one dissected), 3 $ (two dissected): same data as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F04F0FD7DFD7DFD01" authority="(MZSP)" baseAuthorityName="MZSP" box="[492,687,649,673]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Ophirion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lenkoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F04F0FD7DFD9FFD01" box="[492,589,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">O. lenkoi</emphasis>
|
||
(MZSP)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05F6FD5DFDB1FB41" blockId="12.[174,776,617,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FD5DFE89FD61" box="[234,347,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F0472FD5EFD80FD61" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[366,594,681,705]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0472FD5EFD80FD61" box="[366,594,681,705]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lixophaga punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other Nearctic and Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F0788FD3EFED0FCA1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0788FD3EFCD5FD41" box="[660,775,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lixophaga</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having: pale golden pruinosity on head and dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 with pruinose bands on basal two-thirds and apical third dark brown; abdominal tergite 5 completely covered with pruinosity; palpi yellow; two katepisternal setae; anatergite bare; pair of apical scutellar setae subparallel or divergent; wings hyaline; one or two pairs of median discal setae on intermediate abdominal tergites; and males with terminalia bearing epiphallus very short, completely covered by postgonites, pregonites narrow and long, and surstyli and cerci arched in posterior view, with apical parts of cerci bent towards posterior region in lateral view. A comprehensive comparison of the main diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F0458FB5EFDDCFB61" box="[324,526,1193,1217]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0458FB5EFE65FB61" box="[324,439,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Lixophaga</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF7761F0796FB5DFCD5FB61" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[650,775,1194,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0796FB5DFCD5FB61" box="[650,775,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is covered in the Remarks section below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05F6FB1EFEE1FAE1" blockId="12.[174,776,617,1953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FB1EFE04FAA1" box="[234,470,1257,1281]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Redescription of males</emphasis>
|
||
: Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFF7761F076CFB1EFCD5FAA1" box="[624,775,1257,1281]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.375" metricValueMax="5.58" metricValueMin="5.17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.375" valueMax="5.58" valueMin="5.17">5.17–5.58 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFF7761F040DFAFEFEA4FA81" box="[273,374,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.44" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.44">5.44 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFF7761F0703FAFEFD69FA81" box="[543,699,1289,1313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.115" metricValueMax="5.74" metricValueMin="4.49" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.115" valueMax="5.74" valueMin="4.49">4.49–5.74 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFF7761F05D8FADEFEF5FAE1" box="[196,295,1321,1345]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="5.25">5.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F05F6FABEFAF6FE35" blockId="12.[174,776,617,1953]" lastBlockId="12.[850,1452,253,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F05F6FABEFEB5FAC1" box="[234,359,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
: Head with pale golden pruinosity, including face, gena and postgena. Frontal vitta, lunule, antenna and arista dark brown. Clypeus black. Palpi and labella yellow. Occiput black, covered with silver pruinosity. Thorax with pale golden pruinosity, except lower region of pleural sclerites, with faint silvery pruinosity. Scutum with four marked, black vittae; outer vittae interrupted by transverse suture and extending to last postsutural dorsocentral seta, and inner vittae continuous and extending to median postsutural acrostichal seta. Lateral surface of thorax dark brown. Basal area of scutellum dark brown, with posterior half covered with pale golden pruinosity. Wing hyaline. Tegula and basicosta dark brown. Veins and halter light yellow. Calypteres yellowish, with yellow border. Legs dark brown, with silver pruinosity. Tarsal claws brown. Pulvilli light brown. Abdomen with pale golden pruinosity, except ventral surface of tergites, with silvery pruinosity; basal lateral surface of intermediate tergites yellowish in background. Syntergite 1+2 dark brown, becoming lighter towards ventral surface. Tergites 3 and 4 with pruinose bands on basal two-thirds, with apical third dark brown. Tergite 5 dark brown, completely covered with pruinosity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F0693FE6AFB77F995" blockId="12.[850,1452,253,1973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0693FE6AFC1CFE15" box="[911,974,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F06FFFE6AFB94FE16" box="[995,1094,413,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-141@13.[136,1413,473,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Record of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend) in Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White). A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
): Ratio of head height/ head width in frontal view 0.86–0.89 (mean = 0.87). Ratio of frontal vitta width/ fronto-orbital plate width in dorsal view 0.58–0.82 (mean = 0.73). Ratio of vertex width/ head width in dorsal view 0.21–0.23 (mean = 0.22). Ratio of first flagellomere length/ pedicel length 2.93–3.16 (mean = 3.05). Ratio genal height/ head height in lateral view 0.21–0.23 (mean = 0.22). Dichoptic. Eye bare. Antenna inserted at middle level of eye, almost reaching lower facial margin. Scape short, about one-third length of pedicel. Pedicel setose dorsally, with one apical erect seta. First flagellomere subrectangular, with outer surface bearing one minute sensory pit closer to posterior margin. Arista long, pubescent and thickened at base, arising in basal dorsal surface of first flagellomere. Seven or eight subequal inclinate frontal setae from level of pedicel to level of upper quarter of eye. Proclinate orbital setae absent. Two or three reclinate orbital setae, with posterior setae about two-thirds length of anterior seta. Ocellar triangle densely setulose, with one pair of proclinate ocellar setae, about half length of anterior reclinate orbital seta; all ocelli with similar size. Two postocellar setae, about half length of ocellar setae. Inner vertical setae reclinate, subparallel. Outer vertical setae weak, about one-fifth length of inner vertical. Fronto-orbital plate setulose to second anterior frontal seta. Parafacial bare, about two-thirds width of fronto-orbital plate. Facial ridge bare, except on lowest quarter, with three or four weak supravibrissal setae. Vibrissa strong and crossed, arising at level of lower facial margin, with two or three subvibrissal setae. Face flat and not visible in lateral view, with slight facial carina on upper half. Gena with two or three setae on ventral margin. Genal dilation and postgena setulose, with patches of long, white setulae. Clypeus U-shaped. Palpi clavate and setose. Prementum short, setulose. Labella padlike.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761D0693F9C9FC2BFDB5" blockId="12.[850,1452,253,1973]" lastBlockId="14.[850,1452,253,917]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF7761F0693F9C9FC3BF9F5" box="[911,1001,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T h o r a x</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF7761F011DF9CAFB44F9F6" box="[1025,1174,1597,1622]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-141@13.[136,1413,473,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Record of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend) in Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White). A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
): P r o s t e r n u m s e t o s e. Proepisternum bare. Two proepimeral setae, strong, upcurved, with setulae at base. Anterior spiracle with both lappets well-developed, covering almost entire opening. Posterior spiracle with posterior lappet shaped as an operculum. Three postpronotal setae, arranged as triangle. Scutum with 3+3 acrostichal setae; 2+2–3 dorsocentral setae; 2+3 intra-alar setae; 1+3 supra-alar setae, with first postsutural seta shorter than second, and second postsutural seta strong and subequal to median postalar seta. One weak intrapostalar seta. Two notopleural setae. Three postalar setae, with median seta stronger than other two. Two katepisternal setae. Anepisternum anterodorsal corner with one seta, about half length of notopleural setae; posterior margin with row of six setae. One anepimeral seta, with patch of setulae at base. Six or seven meral setae. Anatergite bare. Scutellum with one pair of basal setae, convergent and long, subequal to subapical setae; one pair of lateral setae, subparallel and about two-thirds length of basal setae; one pair of subapical setae, divergent; one pair of apical setae, subparallel or divergent, about one-fifth length of subapical setae; one pair of discal setae arising at level of subapical setae. Wing: Vein C ending right after R
|
||
<subScript id="17CD3852FFF5761D05EBFEBDFEDDFEF8" attach="left" box="[247,271,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4+5</subScript>
|
||
, just before wing apex, with short costal spine. Vein R
|
||
<subScript id="17CD3852FFF5761D05E7FE9DFEC1FED8" attach="left" box="[251,275,362,376]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4+5</subScript>
|
||
setose only at base. Bend of M obtuse, with distal part straight to wing margin. Cell r
|
||
<subScript id="17CD3852FFF5761D076EFE7DFD58FE38" attach="left" box="[626,650,394,408]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4+5</subScript>
|
||
open, with length shorter than crossvein r-m. Legs: Fore coxa with two longitudinal rows of setae on anterior surface. Fore femur with dorsal, posterodorsal and posteroventral rows of setae from base to apex. Fore tibia with one strong apical seta on dorsal surface, one strong median seta and one apical seta on posterior surface. Mid coxa with row of setae on anterior surface. Mid femur with two median setae on anterior surface and an incomplete row of setae on posteroventral surface. Mid tibia with one strong median seta on anterodorsal surface, one strong apical seta on anterior surface, two median setae on posterior surface, one median seta and one apical seta on posteroventral surface. Hind coxa with row of setae on apical and outer lateral margin. Hind femur with anterodorsal and anteroventral rows of setae from base to apex, and one incomplete row of posteroventral setae. Hind tibia with anterodorsal row of setae from base to apex, with median seta strong, one strong apical seta on dorsal surface, two strong median setae and one apical seta on anteroventral surface, two strong setae on posterodorsal surface. Basal tarsomeres long, but shorter than combined length of remaining tarsomeres; second and third tarsomeres long, about half length of basal tarsomeres. Tarsal claws long, almost as long as last tarsomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFF7761F0180F812FA79F857" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF7761F0180F812FA79F857" blockId="12.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFF6761E0594F89DFF28F816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" targetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF6761E0594F89DFF28F816" blockId="13.[136,1414,1898,1974]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF6761E0594F89DFF13F8DD" bold="true" box="[136,193,1898,1917]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF6761E0430F89DFD94F8DD" authority="(Townsend)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[300,582,1898,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF6761E0430F89DFE08F8DD" box="[300,474,1898,1917]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lixophaga punctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Townsend)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF6761E0778F89DFC6EF8DD" authority="(White)" baseAuthorityName="White" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[612,956,1898,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris" subGenus="Myrapetra">Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White)</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFF6761E0594F812FE4AF857" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF6761E0594F812FE4AF857" blockId="13.[136,408,2020,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF5761C0693FDEAFEDDFE95" blockId="14.[850,1452,253,917]" lastBlockId="15.[136,737,253,533]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF5761D0693FDEAFC2AFD95" box="[911,1016,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF5761D0117FDEAFB5EFD96" box="[1035,1164,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-141@13.[136,1413,473,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Record of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend) in Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White). A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
): Subtriangular, tapering towards posterior end. Syntergite 1+2 with mid-dorsal depression extending more than half way to hind margin, but not reaching hind margin. Syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3 with one pair of median marginal setae and one pair of lateral marginal setae. Tergite 4 with row of marginal setae. One or two pairs of median discal setae on intermediate tergites. Tergite 5 with row of discal and marginal setae. Sexual patches of setae absent. Sternites completely overlapped by tergites. Sternite 5 short, wider than long and subrectangular, with posterior margin with pair of lobes delimiting U-shaped notch; lobes covered with setulae and bearing single long seta on each one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFF5761D05B2F872FE86F815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075270" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075270" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075270/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[174,205,1925,1944]" targetBox="[181,1451,966,1898]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF5761D05B2F872FE86F815" blockId="14.[174,1453,1925,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF5761D05B2F872FF34F839" bold="true" box="[174,230,1925,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF5761D0497F871FD32F839" authority="Townsend (USNM)" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" box="[395,736,1925,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF5761D0497F871FDE2F838" box="[395,560,1926,1944]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Paranetia punctata</emphasis>
|
||
Townsend (USNM)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Head, frontal view; C, Habitus, dorsal view; D, Labels. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFF5761D0180F812FA79F857" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF5761D0180F812FA79F857" blockId="14.[174,1453,1925,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF4760205D9FECAFD0FFE35" blockId="15.[136,737,253,533]" lastBlockId="17.[136,737,253,822]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF4761C05D9FECAFEEDFEF5" box="[197,319,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFF4761C044EFECAFE48FEF6" box="[338,410,317,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[138,169,1812,1831]" captionTargetBox="[148,1404,871,1772]" captionTargetId="figure-399@17.[141,1410,854,1780]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Male terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Sternite five; B, Lateral view of postabdomen, showing sclerites of segments 5–8; C, Lateral view of genitalia and line drawing highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas); D, Posterior view of genitalia. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bac scl = bacilliform sclerite, basph = basiphallus, epand = epandrium, cerc = cercus, d m proc = dorsal median process, distph = distiphallus, ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme, epiph = epiphallus, hemitg = hemitergite, hypd = hypandrium, lv scl = lateroventral sclerite, pgt = postgonite, phapod = phallapodeme, pregt = pregonite, st = sternite, sur = surstylus, syntg = syntergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075278/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tergite 6 divided into two hemitergites with pair of spiracles on membrane; left hemitergite well-developed and right hemitergite reduced to narrow strip. Sternite 6 asymmetrical, connected to left hemitergite of tergite 6 by wide area, tapering towards middle and ending right after connection to sternite 5, not reaching right hemitergite of tergite 6. Syntergite 7 + 8 with anterior half bearing pair of spiracles, and posterior half setulose. Anterior epandrial process well projected beyond ventral epandrial margin. Epandrium setulose, with dorsal surface about half length of ventral surface in lateral view; posterior margin forming pointed, projected lobe at middle and rounded, lower lobe in lateral view. Surstylus not fused with epandrium or bacilliform sclerite, same width as cercus in lateral view, with apex slightly curved towards anterior region; arched in posterior view, with apex clavate, with inner and outer surface covered with short, erect setulae. Bacilliform sclerite slender, connected to middle part of hypandrial arm. Hypandrium with hypandrial apodeme concave, with narrow and rounded apex in ventral view, almost as long as central plate of hypandrium; hypandrial plate concave, with posterior margin fused with pregonites; hypandrial arms not fused with each other. Phallapodeme flat, subequal to hypandrium length, with phallic guide long. Ejaculatory apodeme small, with upper part flattened and lower part broad. Phallus with epiphallus attached to base of distiphallus and very short, completely covered by postgonites; basiphallus without basal process, stout and about half length of distiphallus, with apex wider than base; dorsal sclerite of distiphallus fused with basiphallus, with long median process extending to apex of distiphallus; distiphallus slightly curved towards anterior region, forming an obtuse angle with basiphallus, with pair of lateroventral sclerites strongly sclerotized, without apparent granules and lobed apically; median groove short and sclerotized, located between lateroventral sclerites and distad on ventral surface of distiphallus. Pregonite with anterior base fused with central plate of hypandrium, narrow and long, with apex rounded and slightly curved towards anterior region; lower posterior margin bearing minute fine setae. Postgonite bare and bacilliform, same width as pregonite, with rounded apex. Cerci entirely setose, not fused with each other and with narrow median cleft on basal third; apex extending to level of apical part of surstyli, slightly arched in posterior view and with apical part bent towards posterior region in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFF4761C0594F872FACCF815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075272" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075272" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075272/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[136,167,1925,1944]" targetBox="[136,1413,592,1898]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF4761C0594F872FACCF815" blockId="15.[136,1414,1925,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF4761C0594F872FF12F838" bold="true" box="[136,192,1925,1944]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFF4761C0442F872FD4EF839" authority="Curran. A, C" authorityName="Curran. A, C" authorityYear="1937" box="[350,668,1925,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Polybiophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFF4761C0442F872FDFAF838" box="[350,552,1925,1944]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polybiophila fitzgeraldi</emphasis>
|
||
Curran. A, C
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of holotype male (AMNH), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view paratype female (AMNH), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFF4761C0594F812FE4AF857" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFF4761C0594F812FE4AF857" blockId="15.[136,1414,1925,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFEB760305B2F872FE15F814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075276/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[174,205,1925,1944]" targetBox="[174,1451,746,1896]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEB760305B2F872FE15F814" blockId="16.[174,1453,1925,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEB760305B2F872FF34F839" bold="true" box="[174,230,1925,1945]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFEB76030490F871FD0FF839" authority="Thompson (CNC)" authorityName="Thompson (CNC" authorityYear="1968" box="[396,733,1925,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Santacruzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEB76030490F871FDE9F838" box="[396,571,1925,1945]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Santacruzia dubiosa</emphasis>
|
||
Thompson (CNC)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Habitus, dorsal view; C, Head, frontal view; D, Labels. Images originally lacking scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFEB76030180F812FA79F857" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEB76030180F812FA79F857" blockId="16.[174,1453,1925,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA760205D9FE6AFEDFFDB6" blockId="17.[136,737,253,822]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA760205D9FE6AFE0BFE15" box="[197,473,413,438]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Redescription of females</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFEA760204F7FE6AFD5AFE16" box="[491,648,413,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,167,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[136,1413,474,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-141@13.[136,1413,473,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Record of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend) in Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (White). A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of male (MZSP), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of female (MZSP), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075266/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 4B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
): Differ from male as follows: Body length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFEA76020725FE4AFD0DFE75" box="[569,735,445,469]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.285" metricValueMax="5.36" metricValueMin="5.21" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.285" valueMax="5.36" valueMin="5.21">5.21–5.36 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFEA760205F7FE2AFE82FE56" box="[235,336,477,502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.29" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.29">5.29 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Wing length:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFEA760204E5FE2AFD47FE55" box="[505,661,477,501]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.105" metricValueMax="5.14" metricValueMin="5.07" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.105" valueMax="5.14" valueMin="5.07">5.07–5.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB197F2FFEA76020582FE0AFED3FDB6" box="[158,257,509,534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA760205D9FDEAFD71FD95" blockId="17.[136,737,253,822]" box="[197,675,541,565]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA760205D9FDEAFEE8FD95" box="[197,314,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
: Parafacial with silver pruinosity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA760205D9FDCAFBC8FE35" blockId="17.[136,737,253,822]" lastBlockId="17.[813,1414,253,821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA760205D9FDCAFED7FDF5" box="[197,261,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Ratio of head height/ head width in frontal view 0.86–0.88 (mean = 0.87). Ratio of frontal vitta width/ fronto-orbital plate width in dorsal view 0.57–0.94 (mean = 0.75). Ratio of vertex width/ head width in dorsal view 0.25–0.25 (mean = 0.25). Ratio of first flagellomere length/ pedicel length 3.39–4.13 (mean = 3.76). Ratio genal height/ head height in lateral view 0.24–0.25 (mean = 0.24). Five or six inclinate frontal setae. Two proclinate orbital setae, with anterior seta arising at level of last posterior frontal seta and posterior seta arising between reclinate orbital setae. Basal tarsomeres almost as long as combined length of remaining tarsomeres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA76020675FE6AFC88FE75" blockId="17.[813,1414,253,821]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA76020675FE6AFC1DFE15" box="[873,975,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Ellipsoidal, tapering towards posterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA76010675FE2AFD8CFDB5" blockId="17.[813,1414,253,821]" lastBlockId="18.[174,776,253,533]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA76020675FE2AFC3DFE55" box="[873,1007,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFEA7602011AFE2AFB85FE56" box="[1030,1111,477,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[175,206,1895,1914]" captionTargetBox="[189,1437,586,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-5@18.[182,1443,570,1869]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 9. Female terminalia of Lixophaga punctata (Townsend). A, Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively; B, Line drawings of dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, hemitg = hemitergite, hyp = hypoproct, l arm = lateral arm; spr = spiracle, st = sternite, tg = tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075283/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
): Ovipositor long, with membranous area between segment 6 and 7 as long as tergite 6. Spermathecae lost during dissection. Tergites 6 and 7 divided into two hemitergites, with posterior margin with few fine setae; hemitergites of tergite 6 with posterior margin wider than anterior margin; hemitergites of tergite 7 subrectangular. Sixth pair of spiracles located in membrane, before hemitergites of tergite 6; seventh pair of spiracles on anterolateral margin of hemitergites of tergite 6. Sternite 6 subtriangular, with posterior margin setose and wider than anterior margin. Sternite 7 longer than wide, with narrow and setose posterior margin. Tergite 8 very small, reduced to pair of lateral narrow sclerites, close to hypoproct. Sternite 8 setose, short and convex in ventral view. Epiproct absent. Hypoproct evenly setose, wide and subrectangular in ventral view and compressed in lateral view, with pair of well-developed lateral arms arising on anterolateral margin and directed downwards. Cerci not fused, setose on posterior half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFEA76020596F8E3FF31F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075278/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[138,169,1812,1831]" targetBox="[148,1404,871,1772]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA76020596F8E3FF31F813" blockId="17.[136,1414,1812,1971]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA76020596F8E3FF11F887" bold="true" box="[138,195,1812,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Male terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFEA76020465F8E3FD47F887" authority="(Townsend)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[377,661,1812,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFEA76020465F8E3FDF4F887" box="[377,550,1812,1831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Lixophaga punctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Townsend)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Sternite five; B, Lateral view of postabdomen, showing sclerites of segments 5–8; C, Lateral view of genitalia and line drawing highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas); D, Posterior view of genitalia. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: bac scl = bacilliform sclerite, basph = basiphallus, epand = epandrium, cerc = cercus, d m proc = dorsal median process, distph = distiphallus, ej apod = ejaculatory apodeme, epiph = epiphallus, hemitg = hemitergite, hypd = hypandrium, lv scl = lateroventral sclerite, pgt = postgonite, phapod = phallapodeme, pregt = pregonite, st = sternite, sur = surstylus, syntg = syntergite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFEA76020594F812FE4AF857" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFEA76020594F812FE4AF857" blockId="17.[136,408,2020,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFE976010693FF0AFC4DFEF5" blockId="18.[850,1452,253,534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010693FF0AFBCFFEB5" box="[911,1053,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE976010133FF0AFAF6FEB5" box="[1071,1316,253,277]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
(San Juan-
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF4F5FFE97601064EFEEAFC19FE95" box="[850,971,285,309]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="San Juan/Laventille" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Laventille</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Tunapuna-Piarco) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE97601003EFEEAFAB8FE95" box="[1314,1386,285,309]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498DF4F5FFE976010062FEE9FC41FEF5" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFE976000693FEAAFF0CFB55" blockId="18.[850,1452,253,534]" lastBlockId="19.[136,741,253,1973]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010693FEAAFC3EFED5" box="[911,1004,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The presence of median discal setae on abdominal tergites is also found in seven
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE976010029FE8AFC78FE15" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010029FE8AFA79FE35" box="[1333,1451,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lixophaga</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE976010107FE69FA57FE16" authority="(Townsend, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[1051,1413,413,438]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010107FE69FB4DFE15" box="[1051,1183,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. aristalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE9760101AEFE6AFAAEFE16" author="Townsend CHT" box="[1202,1404,413,438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="203 - 385" refId="ref15804" refString="Townsend CHT. 1927. Synopse dos generos muscideos da regiao humida tropical da America, com generos e especies novas. Rev Mus Paul 15: 203 - 385 + 4 pls. + [4 (errata)]." type="book chapter" year="1927">Townsend, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE976010089FE69FB31FE76" authority="(van der Wulp, 1890 a)" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucophaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010089FE69FC00FE75" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. leucophaea</emphasis>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE976010159FE4AFB09FE76" author="Wulp FM van" box="[1093,1243,445,470]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1888 - 1903" refId="ref16482" refString="Wulp FM van D. 1890 a. Fam. Muscidae. [Cont.]. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Diptera. Vol. II. [1888 - 1903.]. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 113 - 144 + pl. 3." type="journal article" year="1890">Wulp, 1890a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE9760101EDFE49FBF9FE55" authority="(van der Wulp, 1890 b)" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE9760101EDFE49FAA2FE75" box="[1265,1392,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. neglecta</emphasis>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE97601069EFE2AFBF3FE55" author="Wulp FM van" box="[898,1057,477,501]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1888 - 1903" refId="ref16564" refString="Wulp FM van D. 1890 b. Fam. Muscidae. [Cont.]. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Diptera. Vol. II. [1888 - 1903.]. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 177 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1890">Wulp, 1890b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE976010127FE29FA57FE55" authority="(Curran, 1926)" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[1083,1413,477,502]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010127FE29FB10FE55" box="[1083,1218,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. solitaria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE9760101CAFE29FAAEFE55" author="Curran CH" box="[1238,1404,477,502]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="102 - 114" refId="ref13559" refString="Curran CH. 1926. Appendix. New Diptera from Jamaica. In: Gowdey CC (ed) Catalogus insectorum jamaicensis. Department of Agriculture, Jamaica, pp. 102 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1926">Curran, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE976010088FE29FB39FDB6" authority="(van der Wulp, 1890 c)" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE976010088FE29FC01FDB5" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. trichosoma</emphasis>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE976010156FE0AFB31FDB6" author="Wulp FM van" box="[1098,1251,509,534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1888 - 1903" refId="ref16642" refString="Wulp FM van D. 1890 c. Fam. Muscidae. [Cont.]. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Diptera. Vol. II. [1888 - 1903.]. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 201 - 208." type="book chapter" year="1890">Wulp, 1890c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE9760001E7FE09FE51FEB6" authority="(van der Wulp, 1890 a)" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE9760101E7FE09FA78FDB5" box="[1275,1450,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L. umbripennis</emphasis>
|
||
(van der
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE8760005F1FF0AFEA9FEB6" author="Wulp FM van" box="[237,379,253,278]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1888 - 1903" refId="ref16482" refString="Wulp FM van D. 1890 a. Fam. Muscidae. [Cont.]. In: Godman FD, Salvin O (eds) Biologia Centrali-Americana, or, contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. Zoologia. Class Insecta. Order Diptera. Vol. II. [1888 - 1903.]. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 113 - 144 + pl. 3." type="journal article" year="1890">Wulp, 1890a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004A1FF09FD0FFEB6" authority="(Smith, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[445,733,253,278]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004A1FF09FDEAFEB5" box="[445,568,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE876000755FF0AFD07FEB6" author="Smith HE" box="[585,725,253,278]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="137 - 141" refId="ref15436" refString="Smith HE. 1917. Five new species of North American Tachinidae. Psyche 24: 137 - 141. doi: 10.1155 / 1917 / 89159." type="journal article" year="1917">Smith, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000594FEEAFE5DFE95" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[136,399,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucophaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000594FEEAFE5DFE95" box="[136,399,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lixophaga leucophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004BCFEE9FDF0FE95" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[416,546,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004BCFEE9FDF0FE95" box="[416,546,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. solitaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600077CFEE9FD33FE95" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[608,737,285,309]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600077CFEE9FD33FE95" box="[608,737,285,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. unicolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000476FECAFE6CFEF5" box="[362,446,317,341]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE8760004D5FECAFDCDFEF5" box="[457,543,317,341]" name="Jamaica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE87600074EFECAFED9FED5" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively, showing silvery pruinosity covering the entire body; furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600075FFE89FD33FE35" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[579,737,381,405]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucophaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600075FFE89FD33FE35" box="[579,737,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. leucophaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has palpi black and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000473FE69FE3CFE15" baseAuthorityName="Curran" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[367,494,413,437]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="solitaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000473FE69FE3CFE15" box="[367,494,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. solitaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have apical scutellar setae.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000423FE4AFDF0FE75" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[319,546,445,469]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aristalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000423FE4AFDF0FE75" box="[319,546,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lixophaga aristalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000743FE49FD33FE75" baseAuthorityName="van der Wulp" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[607,737,445,469]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neglecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000743FE49FD33FE75" box="[607,737,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. neglecta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described based on a single specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000594FE0AFF19FDB5" box="[136,203,509,533]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000419FE0AFE89FDB5" box="[261,347,509,533]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively, showing pale golden pruinosity covering the entire body; they differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760007D0FDE9FF34FDF5" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760007D0FDE9FF34FDF5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having three katepisternal setae and wings infuscated along costal margin. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFE876000708FDAAFDA3FDD5" box="[532,625,605,629]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000594FD89FECCFD35" box="[136,286,637,661]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000594FD89FECCFD35" box="[136,286,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. trichosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFE876000462FD8AFE09FD35" box="[382,475,637,661]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000722FD89FD33FD35" box="[574,737,637,661]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000722FD89FD33FD35" box="[574,737,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. umbripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE8760005F1FD6AFEECFD15" box="[237,318,669,693]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and both show pale golden pruinosity covering the entire body;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004BEFD49FDEBFD75" box="[418,569,701,725]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichosoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004BEFD49FDEBFD75" box="[418,569,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. trichosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has wings hyaline, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000481FD29FDF2FD55" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[413,544,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000481FD29FDF2FD55" box="[413,544,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having three katepisternal setae and apical scutellar setae crossed;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760007D0FD09FEDFFC95" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbripennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760007D0FD09FEDFFC95" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. umbripennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has two katepisternal setae and apical scutellar setae divergent, but differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000756FCC9FD16FCF5" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[586,708,830,853]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000756FCC9FD16FCF5" box="[586,708,830,853]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having wings infuscated along costal margin, especially around the veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17CD3852FFE87600047BFC7DFEBDFC38" attach="left" box="[359,367,906,920]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17CD3852FFE8760004A2FC7DFE05FC38" attach="left" box="[446,471,906,920]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2+3</subScript>
|
||
. Other two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000774FC8AFF32FC15" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000774FC8AFD33FC35" box="[616,737,893,917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lixophaga</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present only two katepisternal setae:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760007D6FC69FE06FC76" authority="(Townsend, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760007D6FC69FEDBFC75" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. charapensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE876000404FC4AFE1FFC76" author="Townsend CHT" box="[280,461,957,982]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="203 - 385" refId="ref15804" refString="Townsend CHT. 1927. Synopse dos generos muscideos da regiao humida tropical da America, com generos e especies novas. Rev Mus Paul 15: 203 - 385 + 4 pls. + [4 (errata)]." type="book chapter" year="1927">Townsend, 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000716FC49FF6DFC56" authority="Townsend, 1908" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000716FC49FDB7FC75" box="[522,613,958,981]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. parva</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE876000771FC4AFF6DFC56" author="Townsend CHT" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 138" refId="ref15672" refString="Townsend CHT. 1908. The taxonomy of the Muscoidean flies, including descriptions of new genera and species. Smithson Misc Collect 51: 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1908">Townsend, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE8760005CCFC2AFE51FC56" author="Townsend CHT" box="[208,387,989,1014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15884" refString="Townsend CHT. 1940. Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part X. Oestroid generic diagnoses and data. Anacamptomyiini to Frontinini. Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, Sao Paulo, p. 334." type="journal volume" year="1940">Townsend 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE876000490FC29FE15FC56" author="Townsend CHT" box="[396,455,990,1014]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15923" refString="Townsend CHT. 1941. Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part XI. Oestroid generic diagnoses and data. Goniini to Trypherini. Charles Townsend & Filhos, Itaquaquecetuba, Sao Paulo, p. 330." type="journal volume" year="1941">1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004C1FC2AFD33FC55" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[477,737,989,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charapensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004C1FC2AFD33FC55" box="[477,737,989,1013]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lixophaga charapensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4FF19EFFE8760004BAFC09FDF4FBB5" box="[422,550,1021,1045]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE87600076DFC09FD76FBB5" box="[625,676,1022,1045]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
with pale golden pruinosity covering the entire body, but has apical scutellar setae crossed and no discal setae on intermediate abdominal tergites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600073DFBAAFD33FBD5" authorityName="Townsend" authorityYear="1908" box="[545,737,1117,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600073DFBAAFD33FBD5" box="[545,737,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lixophaga parva</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4FF19EFFE876000480FB89FDD0FB35" box="[412,514,1149,1173]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000757FB8AFED1FB15" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">United States of America</collectingCountry>
|
||
with silvery pruinosity covering the entire body and no discal setae on intermediate abdominal tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF366A9FFFE9760105B3F890FA9AF812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8075283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8075283/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[175,206,1895,1914]" targetBox="[189,1437,586,1863]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFE9760105B3F890FA9AF812" blockId="18.[174,1452,1895,1971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE9760105B3F890FF35F8DA" bold="true" box="[175,231,1895,1914]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Female terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE9760104B7F890FD17F8DA" authority="(Townsend)" baseAuthorityName="Townsend" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[427,709,1895,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Lixophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE9760104B7F890FD85F8DA" box="[427,599,1895,1914]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Lixophaga punctata</emphasis>
|
||
(Townsend)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively; B, Line drawings of dorsal, lateral, and ventral views, respectively, highlighting outer and inner structures (gray dashed lines) and membranous surfaces (dotted areas). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: cerc = cercus, hemitg = hemitergite, hyp = hypoproct, l arm = lateral arm; spr = spiracle, st = sternite, tg = tergite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<footnote id="E8522619FFE976010180F812FA79F857" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFE976010180F812FA79F857" blockId="18.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">© 2023 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF63A17FFE8760005D9FB09FDBBF815" blockId="19.[136,741,253,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
On examining the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFE8760004B8FB09FE07FAB6" box="[420,469,1278,1302]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000771FB09FF3FFA95" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000771FB09FF3FFA95" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paranetia punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600041CFAEAFDCAFA95" authorityName="Curran. A, C" authorityYear="1937" box="[256,536,1309,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Polybiophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600041CFAEAFDCAFA95" box="[256,536,1309,1333]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polybiophila fitzgeraldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600074BFAE9FF0DFAF5" authorityName="Thompson (CNC" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Santacruzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600074BFAE9FF0DFAF5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Santacruzia dubiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722692FFE8760005ECFACAFE8FFAF5" box="[240,349,1341,1365]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="14.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionStartId-1="15.[136,167,1925,1944]" captionStartId-2="16.[174,205,1925,1944]" captionTargetBox-0="[181,1451,966,1898]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1413,592,1898]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1451,746,1896]" captionTargetId-0="figure-403@14.[174,1451,966,1898]" captionTargetId-1="figure-189@15.[136,1413,592,1899]" captionTargetId-2="figure-246@16.[174,1451,746,1896]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="Fig. 5. Holotype male of Paranetia punctata Townsend (USNM). A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Head, frontal view; C, Habitus, dorsal view; D, Labels. Scale bars = 2 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 6. Type material of Polybiophila fitzgeraldi Curran. A, C, E: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view of holotype male (AMNH), respectively; B, D, F: Lateral habitus, dorsal habitus and head in frontal view paratype female (AMNH), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 7. Holotype male of Santacruzia dubiosa Thompson (CNC). A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Habitus, dorsal view; C, Head, frontal view; D, Labels. Images originally lacking scales." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075270" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075272" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8075276" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8075270/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8075272/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8075276/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
|
||
), I conclude that these species are synonyms, showing the same diagnostic characters provided above.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600044DFA89FDE7FA35" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" box="[337,565,1406,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600044DFA89FDE7FA35" box="[337,565,1406,1429]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Paranetia punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected in the Atlantic Forest in Itaquaquecetuba, just a few kilometers away from the municipality of Nova Europa. Besides having a similar morphology with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000757FA29FD13FA55" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" box="[587,705,1502,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000757FA29FD13FA55" box="[587,705,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760007D2FA29FF27F9B5" authorityName="Curran. A, C" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Polybiophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760007D2FA29FF27F9B5" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. fitzgeraldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004F3FA0AFD91F9B5" box="[495,579,1533,1557]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004F3FA0AFD91F9B5" box="[495,579,1533,1557]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polybia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an additional evidence that both species are synonyms. Although the host of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600040CF9C9FE5AF9F5" authorityName="Thompson (CNC" authorityYear="1968" box="[272,392,1597,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Santacruzia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE87600040CF9C9FE5AF9F5" box="[272,392,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">S. dubiosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown, it was collected near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F284B5FFE8760005F7F9A9FEC8F9D6" box="[235,282,1630,1654]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE876000482F9A9FDFFF9D5" authorityName="Curran. A, C" authorityYear="1937" box="[414,557,1629,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Polybiophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fitzgeraldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE876000482F9A9FDFFF9D5" box="[414,557,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">P. fitzgeraldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000748F9AAFF0EF935" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and shares the same characters; the abdomen color is lighter than usual due to the dissection made by Thompson. These synonyms expand the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760005B6F929FEFFF955" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" box="[170,301,1758,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760005B6F929FEFFF955" box="[170,301,1758,1781]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South America, which has a large gap between records. This fragmented distribution actually reflects the lack of specimen collection and taxonomic studies in Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE87600071DF8CAFDAEF8F5" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[513,636,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As New World
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760005C8F8AAFE52F8D5" box="[212,384,1885,1909]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760005C8F8AAFEFAF8D5" box="[212,296,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polybia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE87600076CF8AAFD11F8D5" box="[624,707,1885,1909]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E7A87FFE876000594F88AFF26F835" box="[136,244,1917,1941]" name="Argentina" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD847E6FFE876000419F88AFE65F836" author="Richards OW" box="[261,439,1917,1942]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref15067" refString="Richards OW. 1978 a. The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, UK." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494194FFE8760004D0F889FD98F835" authorityName="Townsend (USNM" authorityYear="1927" box="[460,586,1918,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Paranetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DE605FFE8760004D0F889FD98F835" box="[460,586,1918,1941]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">L. punctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could have a wider distribution in the Neotropical Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |