279 lines
34 KiB
XML
279 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="D9D68C303DED9E93A7D71EB63B9218EA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4532559" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4532559" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612993178365" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Peck, Stewart B." docDate="2007" docId="03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2007.0003.1-7.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2007 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leptinillus validus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFE78A09D447A2244352FFD4FF99FFE0" masterDocTitle="Distribution and biology of the ectoparasitic beetles Leptinillus validus (Horn) and L. aplodontiae Ferris of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Platypsyllinae)" masterLastPageNumber="7" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698870097683" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="FEE2AFF2F0D45A3400A86CF9AE457D57" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2087655D6B312C970E375FFB041C0172">
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<mods:title id="9E1E02C507515554061D8FA52DAD0627">Distribution and biology of the ectoparasitic beetles Leptinillus validus (Horn) and L. aplodontiae Ferris of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Platypsyllinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="48CE60649E33D3B2F6DC39DD47113E17" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="087A227B31469CCD7BD05961FF20F144">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F8316383067A01BA8F43181233FB485B">Peck, Stewart B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54ACCEA7540B84CFCCAB746F95C57BA3">Department of Biology Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K 1 S 5 B 6 Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DF7FBB4E283135C6174433FD3F7462C5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="9699E673E7DDCAB830876A89DBFB22B0">
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<mods:title id="4586759AED3654CF9972791AFCFA039F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="34C36BB66E72C854FA29778646C4B393">
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<mods:date id="353895A2EC0BAC8C5F0F07F6158BF0CA">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3766F656DE71E9D3C9841E52B6793498">2007-04-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3BD033F86494D4C236A4B40841EC806A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5BA660391046A6EC4D9631F4A586D0F2">2007</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="61791A248A6C80AC48A09F9437C383C9" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="688FC5E583CAEF896E438DF2CC842F05">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="611C8953BC8290CA0E582889D7F864BA">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="BA1FAB9D3471EAC2D2019D69E3A650EB">7</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="74CEE7CA55FDAA80A40BE5DF0AD20BB6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="92BA2597A8292F0CBDDACF25F254FBB4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4532559</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6F767D7103625AB5B37748A9B43F12DC" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="848BD23BBF9062D02AEE61906DE4084E" type="Zenodo-Dep">4532559</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C36D10ECD444A2274392F9E0FDBBF9A8" box="[192,546,1588,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A2274392F9E0FDBBF9A8" blockId="3.[192,546,1588,1608]" box="[192,546,1588,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D080F40BD444A2274392F9E0FDBBF9A8" bold="true" box="[192,546,1588,1608]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D444A2274392F9E0FDBBF9A8" ID-CoL="3TJRK" authority="(Horn)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[192,546,1588,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leptinillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A2274392F9E0FDBBF9A8" bold="true" box="[192,546,1588,1608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A2274392F9E0FE59F9A8" bold="true" box="[192,448,1588,1608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Leptinillus validus</emphasis>
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(Horn)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D10ECD444A2274392F980FB79F888" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A2274392F980FE87F988" blockId="3.[192,286,1620,1640]" box="[192,286,1620,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D080F40BD444A2274392F980FE87F988" bold="true" box="[192,286,1620,1640]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="4">
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<figureCitation id="134C5FE2D444A2274392F980FE87F988" box="[192,286,1620,1640]" captionStart-0="Figure 1-7" captionStart-1="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="3.[189,272,674,692]" captionStartId-1="4.[192,276,1548,1566]" captionTargetBox-0="[190,1437,197,642]" captionTargetBox-1="[193,1442,191,1521]" captionTargetId-0="figure-265@3.[186,1440,195,648]" captionTargetId-1="figure-151@4.[193,1442,191,1521]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figure 1-7. Habitus of life stages of Leptinillis validus (from Wood 1965). 1) Dorsal view of left half adult male. 2) Dorsal view (left) and ventral view (right) of adult female. 3-5) Dorsal, ventral and lateral view of pupa. 6-7) Dorsal and ventral view of third instar larva. Scale bars = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figure 8. Dot map showing known sites of records for Leptinillus validus in North America. Dark line indicates appproximate limits of the historical range of the host, Castor canadensis (after Hall 1981). The beetle appears to only occur on beavers throughout the northern half of the distributional range of the host." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532561" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532563" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4532561/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4532563/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A2274392F980FE87F988" bold="true" box="[192,286,1620,1640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1-8</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A2274392F940FD89F928" blockId="3.[192,1441,1684,1736]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D444A2274392F940FD0DF948" authority="(Horn), 1872: 145" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityPageNumber="145" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[192,660,1684,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leptinillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A2274392F940FE33F948" box="[192,426,1684,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Leptinillus validus</emphasis>
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(Horn),
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<materialsCitation id="3B1F493AD444A227414BF940FD0DF948" box="[537,660,1684,1704]" collectionCode="MCZC" location="Hudsons Bay Region" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="2">1872: 145</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Original genus:
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D444A227403EF940FC4EF948" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1817" box="[876,983,1684,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leptinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A227403EF940FC4EF948" box="[876,983,1684,1704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Leptinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54CCFDC5D444A22740BAF940FBBCF948" box="[1000,1061,1684,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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in MCZC, seen.
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<typeStatus id="54CCFDC5D444A22747AAF940FAACF948" box="[1272,1333,1684,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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locality: “
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<location id="8EA815BCD444A22743A9F960FD98F928" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C:8EA815BCD444A22743A9F960FD98F928" box="[251,513,1716,1736]" name="Hudsons Bay Region" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Hudsons Bay Region</location>
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.”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A22743A2F920FDD5F8E8" blockId="3.[192,1440,1780,1896]" box="[240,588,1780,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A22743A2F920FEE6F8E8" bold="true" box="[240,383,1780,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Taxonomy</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A22742DFF920FDDEF8E8" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[397,583,1780,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2976" refString="Hatch, M. H. 1957. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part II, Staphyliniformia. University of Washington Publications in Biology, vol. 16. University of Washington Press; Seattle. 384 p." type="book" year="1957">Hatch 1957: 17</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A22743A2F8C0FE89F8A8" blockId="3.[192,1440,1780,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A22743A2F8C0FCBDF8C8" bold="true" box="[240,804,1812,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Redescription and morphology of adults</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A2274067F8C0FB90F8C8" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[821,1033,1812,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref2976" refString="Hatch, M. H. 1957. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part II, Staphyliniformia. University of Washington Publications in Biology, vol. 16. University of Washington Press; Seattle. 384 p." type="book" year="1957">Hatch (1957: 17)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A2274745F8C0FAD7F8C8" author="Parks, J. & J. W. Barnes" box="[1047,1358,1812,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="417 - 421" refId="ref3514" refString="Parks, J., and J. W. Barnes 1955. Notes on the family Leptinidae, and a new record of Leptinillus validus Horn in North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 48: 417 - 421." type="journal article" year="1955">Parks and Barnes (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A227460EF8C0FE95F8A8" author="Wood, D. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="33 - 63" refId="ref3821" refString="Wood, D. M. 1965. Studies on the beetles Leptinillus validus (Horn) and Platypsyllus castoris Ritsema (Coleoptera: Leptinidae) from beaver. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 95: 33 - 63." type="journal article" year="1965">Wood (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D444A22743A2F880FB79F888" blockId="3.[192,1440,1780,1896]" box="[240,1248,1876,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D444A22743A2F880FE1EF888" bold="true" box="[240,391,1876,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Immatures</emphasis>
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||
:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A22742C4F880FD65F888" author="Boving, A. G. & F. C. Craighead" box="[406,764,1876,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 351" refId="ref2724" refString="Boving, A. G., and F. C. Craighead. 1930. An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana (N. S.) 11: 1 - 351. (Reprinted in 1951)" type="journal article" year="1930">Bøving and Craighead (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A2274055F880FBAEF888" author="Parks, J. & J. W. Barnes" box="[775,1079,1876,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="417 - 421" refId="ref3514" refString="Parks, J., and J. W. Barnes 1955. Notes on the family Leptinidae, and a new record of Leptinillus validus Horn in North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 48: 417 - 421." type="journal article" year="1955">Parks and Barnes (1955)</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D444A2274710F880FB45F888" author="Wood, D. M." box="[1090,1244,1876,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="33 - 63" refId="ref3821" refString="Wood, D. M. 1965. Studies on the beetles Leptinillus validus (Horn) and Platypsyllus castoris Ritsema (Coleoptera: Leptinidae) from beaver. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 95: 33 - 63." type="journal article" year="1965">Wood (1965)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF0813EFD443A2204392F9D8FB3EF9B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4532563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4532563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4532563/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" startId="4.[192,276,1548,1566]" targetBox="[193,1442,191,1521]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BC84367D443A2204392F9D8FB3EF9B8" blockId="4.[192,1440,1548,1624]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A2204392F9D8FEA9F9FE" bold="true" box="[192,304,1548,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Figure 8.</emphasis>
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Dot map showing known sites of records for
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A2204076F9D8FC6FF9FE" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[804,1014,1548,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leptinillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="validus">
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||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A2204076F9D8FC6FF9FE" box="[804,1014,1548,1566]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Leptinillus validus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
in North America. Dark line indicates appproximate limits of the historical range of the host,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A2204072F9FDFC71F9DB" box="[800,1000,1577,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A2204072F9FDFC71F9DB" box="[800,1000,1577,1595]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Castor canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A2204761F9FDFB3BF9DB" author="Hall, E. R." box="[1075,1186,1577,1595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2944" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. (2 nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons; New York. 1181 p." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The beetle appears to only occur on beavers throughout the northern half of the distributional range of the host.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D10ECD443A22243A2F958FBD6FC8F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D443A22043A2F958FA39F860" blockId="4.[192,1441,1676,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A22043A2F958FEA9F940" bold="true" box="[240,304,1676,1696]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Host</emphasis>
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||
. The primary host of the beetle is the American beaver,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A22040A0F958FA8EF940" authority="Kuhl" authorityName="Kuhl" authorityYear="1820" box="[1010,1303,1676,1696]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A22040A0F958FB4BF940" box="[1010,1234,1676,1696]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Castor canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
Kuhl
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A220467AF958FEE9F920" authority=", Sciuromorpha" authorityName="Sciuromorpha" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia, Sciuromorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A2204228F978FE67F920" box="[378,510,1708,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Castoridae</taxonomicName>
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||
). The beetles are ectoparasitic as both adults and larvae but apparently spend more time in the host’s lodge and off the host than on it. Records appear in surveys or summaries of beaver parasites: e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A2204298F938FD14F8E0" author="Erickson, A. B." box="[458,653,1772,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="625 - 630" refId="ref2844" refString="Erickson, A. B. 1944. Parasites of beavers, with a note on Paramphistomum castori Kofoid and Park, 1937, a synonym of Stichorchis subtriquetrus. American Midland Naturalist 31: 625 - 630." type="journal article" year="1944">Erickson (1944)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A22041C5F938FB9BF8E0" author="Lawrence, W. H. & S. A. Graham" box="[663,1026,1772,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref3299" refString="Lawrence, W. H. and S. A. Graham. 1955. Parasites and diseases of the beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl); an annotated bibliography. Michigan Wildlife 2: 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="1955">Lawrence and Graham (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A220476DF938FAD2F8E0" author="Lawrence, W. & K. L. Hays & S. A. Graham" box="[1087,1355,1772,1792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref3338" refString="Lawrence, W. H, K. L. Hays, and S. A. Graham. 1961. Ectoparasites of the beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl.). Wildlife Diseases, no. 12." type="book" year="1961">
|
||
Lawrence
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A22047E9F938FB74F8E0" box="[1211,1261,1772,1792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1961)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It is of interest that no records were found in the extensive study of
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A22040F5F8D8FBCDF8C0" author="Janzen, D. H." box="[935,1108,1804,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref3079" refString="Janzen, D. H. 1963. Observations on populations of adult beaver beetles, Platypsyllus castoris (Platypsyllidae: Coleoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 34: 215 - 228." type="journal article" year="1963">Janzen (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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on the other beaver beetle,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A2204392F8F8FDBEF8A0" authority="Ritsema" authorityName="Ritsema" authorityYear="1869" box="[192,551,1836,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Platypsyllus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A2204392F8F8FE20F8A0" box="[192,441,1836,1856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Platypsyllus castoris</emphasis>
|
||
Ritsema
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, near Hastings,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B38D85D443A22041B8F8F8FCF6F8A0" box="[746,879,1836,1856]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Most specimen labels do not actually cite beavers as the host.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A22042D2F898FD8DF880" author="Wood, D. M." box="[384,532,1868,1888]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" pagination="33 - 63" refId="ref3821" refString="Wood, D. M. 1965. Studies on the beetles Leptinillus validus (Horn) and Platypsyllus castoris Ritsema (Coleoptera: Leptinidae) from beaver. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 95: 33 - 63." type="journal article" year="1965">Wood (1965)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports a few adults recovered from muskrats,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A220476AF898FA39F880" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1080,1440,1868,1888]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethecus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D443A220476AF898FA80F880" box="[1080,1305,1868,1888]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="3">Ondatra zibethecus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A220439AF8B8FE26F860" authority=", Muroidea" authorityName="Muroidea" box="[200,447,1900,1920]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia, Muroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D443A2204299F8B8FDD4F860" box="[459,589,1900,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cricetidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Since muskrats are known to share beaver lodges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D443A220479DF8B8FAE7F860" author="Banfield, A. W. F." box="[1231,1406,1900,1920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="3" refId="ref2699" refString="Banfield, A. W. F. 1974. The mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press; Toronto. 438 p." type="book" year="1974">Banfield 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A2224627FE8DFA38FE97" box="[1397,1441,345,375]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">10</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A222462EFE2BFA38FD0F" lastBlockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">11 12</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A2224392FCDCFBD6FC8F" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Pacific Northwest. The aedeagus is fully illustrated
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A222407FFCD2FC45FCF8" bold="true" box="[813,988,774,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Figure 10-12.</emphasis>
|
||
Aedeagus of
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22247D0FCD2FA04FCF8" box="[1154,1437,774,792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A22247D0FCD2FA0EFCF8" authorityName="Ferris" authorityYear="1918" box="[1154,1431,774,792]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leptinillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aplodontiae">Leptinillus aplodontiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
here for the first time (Figs. 10-12). specimen from Wawona, Yosemite National Park,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22243A2FC9CFD98FCBC" bold="true" box="[240,513,840,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Biology and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B38D85D441A222407FFC94FC06FCB2" box="[813,927,832,850]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22240F5FC94FC54FCB2" bold="true" box="[935,973,832,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">10)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A222470CFC94FB1CFCB2" bold="true" box="[1118,1157,832,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">11)</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A222464CFC94FADAFCB2" bold="true" box="[1310,1347,832,850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">12)</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. Scale line =
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FEE82D441A22240A4FC89FBD5FC8F" box="[1014,1100,861,879]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D10ECD441A22243A2FCBCFDD6FBDC" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A22243A2FCBCFC8FFC9C" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" box="[240,790,872,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22243A2FCBCFE05FC9C" bold="true" box="[240,412,872,892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. There are few literature and
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A2224392FC5CFC8EFC7C" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" box="[192,791,904,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">specimen records. Other than the species descrip-</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A2224392FC7CFDD6FBDC" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F493AD441A2224392FC7CFDD2FBDC" collectionCode="CASC, CUIC, CNCI, OSUO, SMDV, USNM" country="United States of America" county="The" location="Sierra" municipality="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="28" stateProvince="Nevada">
|
||
tion, I know only of the additional published record of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A2224009FC7CFB8EFC5C" author="Spencer, G. J." box="[859,1047,936,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="21 - 22" refId="ref3762" refString="Spencer, G. J. 1957. North American beetles infesting mammals. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 53: 21 - 22." type="journal article" year="1957">Spencer (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. I have seen only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7188EED441A22247BDFC7CFA08FC5C" box="[1263,1425,936,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, and they are in the following collections:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A2224199FC1CFC8CFC3C" box="[715,789,968,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CASC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A2224071FC1CFCF2FC3C" box="[803,875,968,988]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sxrc-6x8s" name="Cornell University Insect Collection" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="University or college">CUIC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A2224028FC1CFC5AFC3C" box="[890,963,968,988]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rzcb-tdp2" name="Canadian National Collection Insects" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">CNCI</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A2224083FC1CFBBBFC3C" box="[977,1058,968,988]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x4t6-zfss" name="Oregon State University, School of Oceanography" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">OSUO</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A2224763FC1CFBE7FC3C" box="[1073,1150,968,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">SMDV</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66DBA2D441A22247DEFC1CFB7CFC3C" box="[1164,1253,968,988]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62A93BEBD441A22247A0FC1CFABBFC3C" box="[1266,1314,968,988]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">The</collectingCounty>
|
||
species is known only from five general localities in the following states (Fig. 9).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A222475BFC3CFB5CFC1C" bold="true" box="[1033,1221,1000,1020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36003F7D441A222475BFC3CFB5CFC1C" box="[1033,1221,1000,1020]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. CA, OR, WA.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACD91DD441A2224622FC3CFA39FC1C" box="[1392,1440,1000,1020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
distribution may be as broad as that of their hosts in the
|
||
<location id="8EA815BCD441A222402AFBDCFC5DFBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C:8EA815BCD441A222402AFBDCFC5DFBFC" box="[888,964,1032,1052]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="The" name="Sierra" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Nevada">Sierra</location>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B38D85D441A2224098FBDCFBBFFBFC" box="[970,1062,1032,1052]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="8EA815BCD441A2224730FBDCFB3EFBFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C:8EA815BCD441A2224730FBDCFB3EFBFC" box="[1122,1191,1032,1052]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="The" name="Coast" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Nevada">Coast</location>
|
||
ranges of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B38D85D441A2224677FBDCFA39FBFC" box="[1317,1440,1032,1052]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
northwards to
|
||
<location id="8EA815BCD441A2224226FBFCFDD2FBDC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DEF271D444A2224392F9E0FC57F97C:8EA815BCD441A2224226FBFCFDD2FBDC" box="[372,587,1064,1084]" country="United States of America" county="The" municipality="The" name="British Columbia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Nevada">British Columbia</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D10ECD441A22243A2FB9CFC57F97C" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A22243A2FB9CFC29FADC" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22243A2FB9CFEB6FBBC" bold="true" box="[240,303,1096,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Host</emphasis>
|
||
. The only host is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A22242A8FB9CFC01FBBC" authority="(Rafinesque), 1817" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[506,920,1096,1116]" class="Mammalia" family="Aplodontiidae" genus="Aplodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22242A8FB9CFD2CFBBC" box="[506,693,1096,1116]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Aplodontia rufa</emphasis>
|
||
(Rafinesque), 1817
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A22240F7FB9CFB71FBBC" authority=", Protrogomorpha" authorityName="Protrogomorpha" box="[933,1256,1096,1116]" class="Mammalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rodentia, Protrogomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A22247A3FB9CFA0CFBBC" box="[1265,1429,1096,1116]" family="Aplodontidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Aplodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Common names are mountain beaver, boomer, or sewellel. Mountain beaver is a misnomer for they do not live high in the mountains, are not semiaquatic (as is the common beaver), and evolutionarily have no close relationship with the beaver. There are seven subspecies, and some of these have discontinuous distributions (see Fig. 9 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A222414DFB1CFD03FB3C" author="Hall, E. R." box="[543,666,1224,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref2944" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. (2 nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons; New York. 1181 p." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The animals are secretive, nocturnal, and do not hibernate or store food. They live at lower elevations in burrows in dense streamside vegetation in dense wet forests. Their burrows are under logs, stumps, and upturned roots (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A22240D5FADCFB94FAFC" author="Gyug, L. W." box="[903,1037,1288,1308]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="476 - 490" refId="ref2911" refString="Gyug, L. W. 2000. Status, distribution, and biology of the mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa, in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 114: 476 - 490." type="journal article" year="2000">Gyug 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The burrow is from
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FEE82D441A222465FFADCFAE3FAFC" box="[1293,1402,1288,1308]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="10.0">10-25 cm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4C8FEE82D441A22246DAFADCFEAAFADC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="7.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="4.0">4- 10 inches</quantity>
|
||
) in diameter, and may be as long as 200-300 meters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC84367D441A22243A2FA9CFC57F97C" blockId="6.[192,1441,648,1692]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A222422BFA9CFD82FABC" box="[377,539,1352,1372]" family="Aplodontidae" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Aplodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the least derived or most primitive known group of living rodents, with a fossil record from the late Paleocene to the present, and may include the ancestors of all living rodents (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A222439AFA5CFEC0FA7C" author="Korth, W. W." box="[200,345,1416,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref3140" refString="Korth, W. W. 1994. The Tertiary record of rodents in North America. Plenum Press; New York. 324 p." type="book" year="1994">Korth 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The family was represented by several genera which were widely distributed throughout western North America in moist habitats during the early and mid Tertiary (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A222470FFA7CFA97FA5C" author="Shotwell, J. A." box="[1117,1294,1448,1468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="451 - 484" refId="ref3737" refString="Shotwell, J. A. 1958. Evolution and biogeography of the aplodontid and mylagaulid rodents. Evolution 12: 451 - 484." type="journal article" year="1958">Shotwell 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the only surviving rodent with the primitive character of the masseter muscle attaching to the zygma bone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A222439AFA3CFEDCFA1C" author="Hall, E. R." box="[200,325,1512,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref2944" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. The mammals of North America. (2 nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons; New York. 1181 p." type="book" year="1981">Hall 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a feature of many Eocene rodents. The derived state of this character is a more forward muscle attachment. The kidney is also primitive, with 70% of the nephrons located entirely in the cortex. In addition, few of the other nephrons have long loops of Henle or with a thin segment (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE63E96D441A2224644F9FCFEEBF9BC" author="Dicker, S. E. & M. G. Eggleton" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="186 - 194" refId="ref2804" refString="Dicker, S. E., and M. G. Eggleton. 1964. Renal function in the primitive mammal Aplodontia rufa, with some observations on squirrels. Journal of Physiology 170: 186 - 194." type="journal article" year="1964">Dicker and Eggleton 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These primitive kidney features prevent the animals from excreting concentrated urine (a water-conservation adaptation of most modern rodents) and explains the need of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7738E4D441A22247C3F9BCFB7BF99C" baseAuthorityName="Rafinesque" baseAuthorityYear="1817" box="[1169,1250,1640,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Aplodontiidae" genus="Aplodontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9039F75D441A22247C3F9BCFB7BF99C" box="[1169,1250,1640,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">A. rufa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for ready access to water, and its present limitation to the wet Pacific Northwest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |