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<document id="51A1692D472EDDE63A2054FA3553120D" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629614858555" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ten Hove, Harry A. &amp; Kupriyanova, Elena K." docDate="2009" docId="03BD87F8C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1BD31598" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02036p126.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2036" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Crucigera Benedict 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="FF84FF80C97FFFC87E04FFD81E491072" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): The state of affairs" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="36" updateTime="1699083676882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="EDB370B85C10126843DD458B0CA7BADA">Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): The state of affairs</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0909B9642AA81324B07D806A2A26EA87">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6F1CA4B4BB01FE24BF88BD28C20AD8A6">2036</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DFC52AAD22B671B6B7995D11A6DD5850">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03BD87F8C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1BD31598" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87F8C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1BD31598" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87F8C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1BD31598" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<subSubSection id="C30E6565C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1FA211B2" box="[151,491,422,448]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FE7E1FA211B2" blockId="35.[151,491,422,483]" box="[151,491,422,448]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="D0E38182C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1FA211B2" bold="true" box="[151,491,422,448]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7E93FE7E1FA211B2" bold="true" box="[151,491,422,448]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
6.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FE7E1FA211B2" ID-CoL="84MLP" authority="Benedict, 1887" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[180,491,422,448]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FE7E1F6711B2" bold="true" box="[180,302,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7F31FE7E1FA211B2" author="Benedict, J. E." box="[309,491,422,448]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref56093" refString="Benedict, J. E. (1887) Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the Annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 9, 547 - 553." type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6565C95CFFEB7E93FE111C4B14FC" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FE111EB41191" blockId="35.[151,491,422,483]" box="[151,253,457,483]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
(
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7E9BFE111EBD1191" box="[159,244,457,483]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FDCE1CE3125F" blockId="35.[151,682,534,589]" box="[151,682,534,558]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7E93FDCE1F6F125C" bold="true" box="[151,294,534,558]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Type-species</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7F30FDCE1CE3125F" authority="Benedict, 1887" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[308,682,534,557]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7F30FDCE1C4B125F" box="[308,514,534,557]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7C0DFDCE1CE3125F" author="Benedict, J. E." box="[521,682,534,557]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref56093" refString="Benedict, J. E. (1887) Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the Annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 9, 547 - 553." type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FDEE1F33123F" blockId="35.[151,682,534,589]" box="[151,378,566,589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Number of species: 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FDA51C4B14FC" blockId="35.[151,1436,637,1282]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Tube white or yellowish, opaque, circular to semi-circular in cross-section, with or without longitudinal keels and/or peristomes; tabulae may be present. Granular overlay absent, but outer layer may be shiningly hyaline. Operculum soft, funnel shaped, formed of fused radii. Base of funnel with 2–4 finger-like bosses. Peduncle smooth, cylindrical, without wings, separated from operculum by constriction; inserted proximal from first and/or second dorsal radiole on one side. Pseudoperculum present. Arrangement of radioles in two half to complete circles, up to 50 radioles per lobe in larger taxa. Inter-radiolar membrane present. Branchial eyes may be present. Stylodes absent. Mouth palps absent. 7 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar trilobed, tonguelets between ventral and lateral collar lobes absent. Thoracic membranes long, forming apron. Collar chaetae bayonet-shaped and limbate (
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7C5BFC6A1C9913BE" box="[607,720,946,972]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
). Thoracic chaetae limbate,
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7A2EFC6A1AD613B9" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1844" box="[1066,1183,946,971]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Apomatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7A2EFC6A1AD613B9" box="[1066,1183,946,971]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Apomatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
chaetae absent (
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7B69FC6A1E831381" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Thoracic uncini saw-shaped with 5–7 teeth, including simple pointed anterior fang (
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7B1FFC011BC71381" box="[1307,1422,985,1011]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
). Triangular depression present. Abdominal chaetae flat trumpet-shaped, with denticulate edge (
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7B18FBD81BC71468" box="[1308,1422,1024,1050]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Abdominal uncini saw-shaped with 4–6 teeth anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="132F2A6BC95CFFEB7D39FBFE1DE11432" box="[829,936,1062,1088]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="36.[151,255,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[177,1417,529,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-189@36.[155,1440,508,1893]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 13. SEM micrographs of chaetae in Crucigera websteri. Australia, Queensland, Lizard Island, legit &amp; det. E. Kupriyanova. A—bayonet collar chaeta, B—thoracic chaetae, C—thoracic uncini; Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901), Canada, British Columbia, Barkley Sound, legit T. Macdonald, det. E. Kupriyanova, D—flat trumpet-shaped abdominal chaetae, E—anterior abdominal uncini." pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
); rasp-shaped with 2–4 rows, 7–8 teeth in profile posteriorly. Long posterior capillary chaetae present. Achaetous anterior abdominal zone absent. Posterior glandular pad absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6565C95CFFEB7EC2FB421BD31598" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7EC2FB421F831570" blockId="35.[151,1436,637,1282]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EC2FB421F7114C6" bold="true" box="[198,312,1178,1204]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
. The genus, with 5 species, was thoroughly revised by ten
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7A21FB421BD114C6" author="Hove, H. A. ten &amp; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J." box="[1061,1432,1178,1204]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="143 - 180" refId="ref61117" refString="Hove, H. A. ten &amp; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J. (1984) A revision of the genus Crucigera (Polychaeta; Serpulidae); a proposed methodical approach to serpulids, with special reference to variation in Serpula and Hydroides. In: Hutchings, P. A. (Ed.) Proceedings of the First International Polychaete Conference, Sydney, Australia, July 1983. Linnean Society of New South Wales, Sydney, pp. 143 - 180." type="book chapter" year="1984">Hove &amp; Jansen-Jacobs (1984)</bibRefCitation>
. However, Kupriyanova
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7FBDFB191FB014A8" box="[441,505,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2008) demonstrate that the traditional genera
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7A45FB191AF014A8" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[1089,1209,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7A45FB191AF014A8" box="[1089,1209,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7AF8FB191B1E14A8" box="[1276,1367,1217,1242]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Serpulaceae" genus="Serpula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Boletales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7AF8FB191B1E14A8" box="[1276,1367,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Serpula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most probably are paraphyletic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FAED1A96153D" blockId="35.[151,1434,1333,1514]" box="[151,1247,1333,1359]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FAED1CC0153D" authority="Straughan, 1967 b" authorityName="Straughan" authorityYear="1967" box="[180,649,1333,1359]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="inconstans">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FAED1FF8153C" box="[180,433,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera inconstans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7FBCFAED1CC0153D" author="Straughan, D." box="[440,649,1333,1359]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="201 - 261" refId="ref68000" refString="Straughan, D. (1967 b) Marine Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) of eastern Queensland and New South Wales. Australian Journal of Zoology, 15, 201 - 261." type="journal article" year="1967">Straughan, 1967b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D0F80CC95CFFEB7C91FAED1A96153D" box="[661,1247,1333,1359]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Queensland, New South Wales, Western Australia</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FA841A881504" blockId="35.[151,1434,1333,1514]" box="[151,1217,1372,1398]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CB3C95CFFEB7E93FA841D871504" box="[151,974,1372,1398]" location="North Pacific" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
2.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FA841C081504" authority="Bush, 1905" authorityName="Bush" authorityYear="1905" box="[180,577,1372,1398]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="irregularis">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FA841FFB1507" box="[180,434,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera irregularis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7FBDFA841C081504" author="Bush, K. J." box="[441,577,1372,1398]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="169 - 355" refId="ref56821" refString="Bush, K. J. (1905) Tubicolous annelids of the tribes Sabellides and Serpulides from the Pacific Ocean. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 12, 169 - 355." type="journal article" year="1905">Bush, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Arctic
<location id="8ECB6035C95CFFEB7C9AFA841D771504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87F8C95CFFEB7E93FE7E1BD31598:8ECB6035C95CFFEB7C9AFA841D771504" box="[670,830,1372,1398]" name="North Pacific" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Kamchatka">North Pacific</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D0F80CC95CFFEB7D4DFA841D871504" box="[841,974,1372,1398]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
to
<collectingRegion id="49D0F80CC95CFFEB7DF0FA841A881504" box="[1012,1217,1372,1398]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Washington State</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FA5A1A0E15EE" blockId="35.[151,1434,1333,1514]" box="[151,1095,1410,1436]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
3.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FA5B1C0D15EE" authority="Gravier, 1906" authorityName="Gravier" authorityYear="1906" box="[180,580,1410,1436]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tricornis">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FA5B1FD015EE" box="[180,409,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera tricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7FA4FA5A1C0D15EE" author="Gravier, C." box="[416,580,1410,1436]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="110 - 115" refId="ref59283" refString="Gravier, C. (1906) Sur les Annelides Polychetes de la Mer Rouge (Serpulides). Bulletin de la Musee nationale d'Histoire naturelle, 12, 110 - 115." type="journal article" year="1906">Gravier, 1906</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36EEC95CFFEB7E93FA711BD31598" blockId="35.[151,1434,1333,1514]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
4.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FA711C1B15B1" authority="Benedict, 1887" authorityName="Benedict" authorityYear="1887" box="[180,594,1449,1475]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="websteri">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FA711FDE15B0" box="[180,407,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera websteri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7F9AFA711C1B15B1" author="Benedict, J. E." box="[414,594,1449,1475]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="547 - 553" refId="ref56093" refString="Benedict, J. E. (1887) Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of the Annelids from the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 9, 547 - 553." type="journal article" year="1887">Benedict, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean,
<collectingCountry id="F303767EC95CFFEB7DAEFA711DBC15B1" box="[938,1013,1449,1475]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Brazil</collectingCountry>
; Pacific
<collectingCountry id="F303767EC95CFFEB7A5EFA711A9815B1" box="[1114,1233,1449,1475]" name="Colombia" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, California 5.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D6DC95CFFEB7EB0FA081C3F1598" authority="(Johnson, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Johnson" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[180,630,1488,1514]" class="Polychaeta" family="Serpulidae" genus="Crucigera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="zygophora">
<emphasis id="B960EAFCC95CFFEB7EB0FA081FF9159B" box="[180,432,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Crucigera zygophora</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B1FC95CFFEB7FBAFA081C241598" author="Johnson, H. P." box="[446,621,1488,1514]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="381 - 437" refId="ref62352" refString="Johnson, H. P. (1901) The polychaeta of the Puget Sound Region. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 24 (18), 381 - 437." type="journal article" year="1901">Johnson, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, North
<collectingCountry id="F303767EC95CFFEB7CCAFA081D5A1598" box="[718,787,1488,1514]" name="Japan" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Arctic North Pacific, Kamchatka to Washington State.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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