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<document id="BAFFE942A9289071BBD4A45B2912D725" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171251" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38c4ff5e-f2a4-452a-94e3-c52ea2604636" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171251" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459719654639" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Campos, Maurício, Mothes, Beatriz, Eckert, Rafael, Van, Rob W. M. &amp; Soest" docDate="2005" docId="03BD87BABA02B0099B0477E0032A67C1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00963.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 963" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Xestospongia muta Schmitdt 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FF84FFC2BA13B01A9A0C7336075C652F" masterDocTitle="Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698208885698" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="D01785F1EBA28E3F7606F3D00AAD723E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D618FC45007E8E8DC93F7E0D5471232F">
<mods:title id="FF759FD7A5CC12FA330BD228AD8622E3">Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="EA9229C63A9B9A275C5CA507A931F7B6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FCBF34608EF1DC70D8D73A076D4ECAE7">
<mods:roleTerm id="6BB9BE5D009D65B140D52A91FFFDBBCF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AD77D96ED15A712BC1A0DB8B45840630">Campos, Maurício</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ABBCC6041CF17458872791DC79C43480">Mothes, Beatriz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6101151E3417B41B5F8BA2B14F60E2DD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4F8EA8F2577854408B1825899B772D54">
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<mods:namePart id="544DCFD02150CBAD5AD802328B52B99F">Eckert, Rafael</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A9575573DE2C6A1EFCB7A22D6E235129" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E78E68034599038DCCA87D517CACC315">
<mods:roleTerm id="E0A4F6FA4DF4F567FEDDA1C9D6A227CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7DC8CC77E325270C1C3F2C2BDC49D3E3">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="9CE75CB4DE099C88849B2EC13087A86D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="9D74709AF034B79E9708B6244B00C844">
<mods:roleTerm id="2F4972F5A932B5F1629959E2A7F80D44">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EF7AC82475B435700EF12C1DD31936A7">Soest</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="403200555C57CA77E16D8756614EF026">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="91FEE49A46E7FD31E0CD2DD56D5A7F83" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="06145773DA4956319EB16A6451DC1C89">
<mods:title id="EA78C1973A837C509B4E66492AD2B5CF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="12134C0B9B76C8460D1EB4B51FF12AA8">
<mods:date id="742178E22A481C8F938D281C9848D11A">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CF7DC43BAE9B428F80C562203F0874D0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="47BAD7383E048801F4313308306FDA4B">963</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="59A00AE6470F266E141CEB45F1C40401">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="AB376526313BF51521B48C046D21DF9A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="81D11AC5529FC7E65E7445F1A49740EC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171251</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ECAA6739CE3A19D76FC31DE2E2051FDC" type="GBIF-Dataset">38c4ff5e-f2a4-452a-94e3-c52ea2604636</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="51194F9E70172E1FDE362F0DFC43011B" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4BFC944E8070D2C1F0E23A653D949A47" type="Zenodo-Dep">171251</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BD87BABA02B0099B0477E0032A67C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266918" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87BABA02B0099B0477E0032A67C1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87BABA02B0099B0477E0032A67C1" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA02B00B9B0477E006A0603C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B0477E0059F61DF" blockId="17.[264,774,1204,1299]" box="[264,707,1238,1264]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D0E381C0BA02B00B9B0477E0059F61DF" bold="true" box="[264,707,1238,1264]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA02B00B9B0477E0059F61DF" ID-CoL="7G9M2" authority="Schmitdt, 1870" authorityName="Schmitdt" authorityYear="1870" box="[264,707,1238,1264]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B0477E0059F61DF" bold="true" box="[264,707,1238,1264]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B0477E006B361DF" bold="true" box="[264,495,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
(Schmitdt, 1870)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B0477CF06A0603C" blockId="17.[264,774,1204,1299]" box="[264,508,1273,1299]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA02B00B9B0477CF063F603C" box="[264,355,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1323,609,1568]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xestospongia muta (Schmitdt, 1870). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
A–D, Tab. V
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA02B00B9B04767C04C9632F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B04767C05EC604F" blockId="17.[264,1324,1353,1536]" box="[264,688,1353,1377]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA02B00B9B04767C05EC604F" box="[264,688,1353,1377]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA02B00B9B04767C05DE604F" authority="Schmidt, 1870: 44" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1870" box="[264,642,1353,1377]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schmidtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B04767C06F2604E" box="[264,430,1354,1377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Schmidtia muta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B9BB0767F05DE604F" author="Schmidt" box="[444,642,1353,1376]" page="44" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1870">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B9BB0767F0507604F" author="Schmidt" box="[444,603,1353,1376]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
: 44
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–45.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B04765C05D960AF" blockId="17.[264,1324,1353,1536]" box="[264,645,1385,1409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA02B00B9B04765C05D960AF" box="[264,645,1385,1409]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA02B00B9B04765C050460AF" ID-CoL="6V7V2" authority="Topsent, 1920: 8" authorityName="Topsent" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1920" box="[264,600,1385,1409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B04765C06C160AE" box="[264,413,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Petrosia muta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B9BA8765F050460AF" author="Topsent" box="[420,600,1385,1408]" page="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1920">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B9BA8765F056260AF" author="Topsent" box="[420,574,1385,1408]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Topsent, E. (1920) Spongiaires du Musee Zoologique de Strassbourg. Monaxonides. Bulletin de l'Institute oceanographique, 381, 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="1920">Topsent, 1920</bibRefCitation>
: 8
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 33.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B0476BC043260CF" blockId="17.[264,1324,1353,1536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB041182BA02B00B9B0476BC043260CF" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA02B00B9B0476BC0688608E" ID-CoL="7G9M2" box="[264,468,1418,1441]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B0476BC0688608E" box="[264,468,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B9BE876BF05AD608F" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[484,753,1417,1440]" page="115" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B9BE876BF05E3608F" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[484,703,1417,1440]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 115
</treatmentCitation>
–117, pl. XIV,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA02B00B999D76BF04A4608F" box="[913,1016,1417,1440]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[264,367,1336,1360]" captionStartId-1="11.[264,367,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox-0="[275,1309,524,1315]" captionTargetBox-1="[274,1306,433,1674]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[264,1323,513,1327]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[264,1323,428,1691]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Niphates lutea Lehnert &amp; Van Soest, 1999. A, sample (scale: 3 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 50 µm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Oceanapia bartschi (De Laubenfels, 1934). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, tangential view of smaller fistule (scale: 200 µm). E, tangential view of bigger fistule (scale: 200 µm). F, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/171256/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171257/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
, pl. XV,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA02B00B9E5576BF03E2608F" box="[1113,1214,1417,1440]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="1.[264,367,1850,1874]" captionStartId-1="3.[264,367,1559,1583]" captionTargetBox-1="[279,1308,651,1527]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[275,1313,646,1535]" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map showing the collecting area." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Callyspongia (Cladochalina) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 200 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of oxeas (scale: 50 µm)." httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/171252/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
, text–Fig. 129;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B9B62769F055160EF" author="Zea" box="[366,525,1449,1472]" page="111" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B9B62769F068160EF" author="Zea" box="[366,477,1449,1472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 111
</treatmentCitation>
–114, Fig. 32, pl. IX,
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA02B00B98F8769F046F60EF" box="[756,819,1449,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[264,367,1850,1874]" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing the collecting area." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B994C769F035D60EF" author="Lehnert" box="[832,1025,1449,1472]" page="47" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B994C769F048660EF" author="Lehnert" box="[832,986,1449,1472]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. (1993) The Sponges from Cozumel (Mexico). Inventory, critical comparison of taxonomic characters and description of a new species. Acta Biologica Benrodis, 5, 35 - 127." type="journal article" year="1993">Lehnert, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 47
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs. 12–14, 69–70, tab. 1; Lehnert &amp; Van
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510BDBA02B00B9BD176FF05D960CF" author="Soest" box="[477,645,1481,1504]" page="92" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B9BD176FF050160CF" author="Soest" box="[477,605,1481,1504]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 92
</treatmentCitation>
; 1998: 75; 1999: 163.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B0476DF04C9632F" blockId="17.[264,1324,1353,1536]" box="[264,917,1513,1536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Further synonymy: see
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B980F76DF05B9632F" author="Wiedenmayer" box="[515,741,1513,1536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, 287 pp." type="book" year="1977">Wiedenmayer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B991476DF04CD632F" author="Zea" box="[792,913,1513,1536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA02B00B9B04750703FD623C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B047507052163EC" blockId="17.[264,1323,1585,1891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B047507055E6364" bold="true" box="[264,514,1585,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Examined material</emphasis>
. MCNPOR 4773, 93 m
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B995F750704806364" box="[851,988,1585,1611]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="0.18694445">00°11’13”N</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B99E1750703DA6364" box="[1005,1158,1585,1611]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="-44.77">44°46’12”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA02B00B9E977507027A6364" box="[1179,1318,1585,1611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1999-06-10">10/VI/1999</date>
; MCNPOR 4968, 4972, 4974, 4997, 4998, 94 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B9969756F04B6635C" box="[869,1002,1625,1651]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="-0.58666664">00°35’12”S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B99F7756F03C8635C" box="[1019,1172,1625,1651]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="15" value="-43.34861">43°20’55”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA02B00B9EA8756F0277635C" box="[1188,1323,1625,1651]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1999-06-14">14/VI/1999</date>
(MCNPOR 4974: fragment deposited in ZMAPOR 17914); MCNPOR 3799, 64 m,
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B9B04759F063963EC" box="[264,357,1705,1731]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-1.05">01°03’S</geoCoordinate>
–
<geoCoordinate id="EE20506BBA02B00B9B7A759F06BE63EC" box="[374,482,1705,1731]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="925" value="-43.516666">43°31’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFAA106CBA02B00B9BE2759F052563EC" box="[494,633,1705,1731]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1997-11-30">30/XI/1997</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B00B9B3475E703FD623C" blockId="17.[264,1323,1585,1891]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B3475E7059063C4" bold="true" box="[312,716,1745,1771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material studied for comparison</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA02B00B98D675E703DF63C4" authority="Schmidt, 1870" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1870" box="[730,1155,1745,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B98D675E704E663C5" box="[730,954,1745,1770]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA02B00B99C475E7032663C4" author="Schmidt" box="[968,1146,1745,1771]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt, 1870</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: off the mouth of Amazon river. Fragment deposited on MCNPOR 2456 (det. Klaus Rützler).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA02B0099B347417045E64A9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA02B0089B34741704286471" blockId="17.[264,1323,1585,1891]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1325,284,550]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA02B00B9B34741706956214" bold="true" box="[312,457,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
. Cup­shaped specimen (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA02B00B98F9741704106214" box="[757,844,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1323,609,1568]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xestospongia muta (Schmitdt, 1870). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A):
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA02B00B9972741704966214" box="[894,970,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="16.0">16 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA02B00B9E10741703356214" box="[1052,1129,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
width,
<quantity id="4CEC9B49BA02B00B9EC5741702776214" box="[1225,1323,1825,1851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="cm" value="11.5">11.5 cm</quantity>
height (MCNPOR 4773). Surface with sinuous elevations, smooth in between this. Thick walls, main vent with 4.5 x 5.0 cm in diameter. Preserved material with firm but brittle consistency, easy to cut or break, colour light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA01B0089B34725D06A96709" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089B34725D06FF64AA" bold="true" box="[312,419,363,389]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Skeleton</emphasis>
. Ectosome uni­ to multispicular tracts, forming triangular to rounded meshes, 130–260 µm in diameter, cemented with little spongin (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA01B0089E0572A203026481" box="[1033,1118,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1323,609,1568]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xestospongia muta (Schmitdt, 1870). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B). Choanosome: cavernous, with multispicular tracts (40–200 µm in diameter); rounded meshes 120–700 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA01B0089BD572D2056D64D1" box="[473,561,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1323,609,1568]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xestospongia muta (Schmitdt, 1870). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C). Many loose spicules, and in some areas the reticulation is dense and confused.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B6624BA01B0089B04750C052763B8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA01B0089B04750C052763B8" blockId="18.[264,1322,1594,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089B04750C06CC637D" bold="true" box="[264,400,1594,1618]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA01B0089B93750D0470637D" authority="(Schmitdt, 1870)" authorityName="Schmitdt" authorityYear="1870" baseAuthorityName="Schmitdt" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[415,812,1595,1618]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="muta">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089B93750D0530637D" box="[415,620,1595,1618]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Xestospongia muta</emphasis>
(Schmitdt, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
. A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA01B0099B3475C4045E64A9" blockId="18.[264,1323,1778,1885]" lastBlockId="19.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089B3475C406C26223" bold="true" box="[312,414,1778,1804]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Spicules</emphasis>
. Strongyles (
<figureCitation id="132F2A29BA01B008983075C505C16222" box="[572,669,1779,1805]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[264,367,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[279,1307,624,1553]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[264,1323,609,1568]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Xestospongia muta (Schmitdt, 1870). A, sample (scale: 5 cm). B, tangential view of ectosome (scale: 300 µm). C, perpendicular section of choanosome (scale: 300 µm). D, line drawings of strongyles (scale: 100 µm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171261/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
D): Slightly curved, equal and rounded ends. Measurements: 350–398–450 / 9.5–11.6–19 µm (MCNPOR 4773); 351.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089E11742D0315621B" box="[1053,1097,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">389</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089E5D742D0303621B" box="[1105,1119,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</emphasis>
–418 / 9.5–
<date id="FFAA106CBA01B0089EE5742D0240621B" box="[1257,1308,1819,1845]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1919-02-15">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089EE5742D025A621B" box="[1257,1286,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089F01742D0240621B" box="[1293,1308,1819,1844]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</emphasis>
</date>
– 19 µm (MCNPOR 4968); 300–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B008988A747505EE6273" box="[646,690,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">373</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B00898B6747505946273" box="[698,712,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</emphasis>
–410 / 9.2–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B00899587475042D6273" box="[852,881,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">13</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA01B0089975747504D46273" box="[889,904,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5</emphasis>
–16.1 µm (MCNPOR 4972); 285–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099B04722A0668641A" box="[264,308,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">378</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099B30722A0616641A" box="[316,330,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</emphasis>
–427.5 / 9.5–
<date id="FFAA106CBA00B0099BE5722A0541641A" box="[489,541,284,310]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1919-04-14">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099BE5722A055A641A" box="[489,518,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">14</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099802722A0541641A" box="[526,541,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">4</emphasis>
</date>
–19 µm (MCNPOR 4974); 247–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B00999AF722A0493641A" box="[931,975,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">322</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B00999DA722A04B9641A" box="[982,997,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
–389.5 / 8.1–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099E88722A03FD641A" box="[1156,1185,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">10</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099EA5722A03E4641A" box="[1193,1208,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
–13.8 µm (MCNPOR 4997); 228–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099824727205086472" box="[552,596,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">315</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099850727205366472" box="[604,618,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">4</emphasis>
–408.5 / 6.9–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B00999067272047B6472" box="[778,807,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">10</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099922727204616472" box="[814,829,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">5</emphasis>
–13.3 µm (MCNPOR 4998); 280–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099ED67272025A6472" box="[1242,1286,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">349</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099F01727202406472" box="[1293,1308,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
– 430 / 7.5–
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099B72725A06C764AA" box="[382,411,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">10</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099BAF725A06ED64AA" box="[419,433,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
–12.5 µm (MCNPOR 3799).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA00B0099B3472A506086759" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA00B0099B3472A506086759" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099B3472A506F66482" bold="true" box="[312,426,403,429]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
. Widely distributed species in the West Atlantic. With its cup­shaped form and fragile consistency it is a very conspicuous
<taxonomicName id="4C144D2FBA00B0099944728A04BA64FA" box="[840,998,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Xestospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099944728A04BA64FA" box="[840,998,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Xestospongia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this region. The present record from the coast of Maranhão State confirms its continuous distribution along with a record from the North Brazilian coast made by
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099935713A03036709" author="Collette" box="[825,1119,524,550]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Collette, B. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1977) Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, pp. 305 - 310." type="proceedings paper" year="1977">Collette &amp; Rützler, 1977</bibRefCitation>
. The species was also previously recorded from deep water (Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B009995F710204BC6761" author="Soest" box="[851,992,564,590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest, 1980</bibRefCitation>
and Lehnert &amp; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099EE87102061B6759" author="Soest" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6527BA00B0099B3471B2032A67C1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB36ACBA00B0099B3471B2032A67C1" blockId="19.[264,1323,284,750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B960EABEBA00B0099B3471B2068D67B1" bold="true" box="[312,465,644,670]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
. West Atlantic:
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA00B009989F71B205A367B1" box="[659,767,644,670]" name="Bermuda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F303763CBA00B009992B71B204D567B1" box="[807,905,644,670]" name="Curaçao" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B00999DD71B2030367B1" author="Soest" box="[977,1119,644,670]" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Soest, R. W. M. Van (1980) Marine sponges of Curacao and other caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="1980">Soest, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099E6071B203BA67B1" author="Zea" box="[1132,1254,644,670]" pageId="19" pageNumber="22" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientifico, Bogota, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea, 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099EF871B206DA67E9" author="Lehnert" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. (1993) The Sponges from Cozumel (Mexico). Inventory, critical comparison of taxonomic characters and description of a new species. Acta Biologica Benrodis, 5, 35 - 127." type="journal article" year="1993">Lehnert, 1993</bibRefCitation>
; Lehnert &amp; Van
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B009985A719A05BA67E9" author="Soest" box="[598,742,684,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53 - 81." type="journal article" year="1996">Soest, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B00998FA719A046867E9" author="Soest" box="[758,820,684,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Lehnert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1998) Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia, 48 (5), 71 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099948719A04DF67E9" author="Soest" box="[836,899,684,710]" pageId="19" pageNumber="21" refString="Lenhert, H. &amp; Soest, R. W. M. Van. (1999) More north Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 49 (12), 141 - 169." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
). Brazilian coast: off the mouth of Amazon River (
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B5DBA00B0099BCF71E205B767C1" author="Collette" box="[451,747,724,750]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Collette, B. &amp; Rutzler, K. (1977) Reef fishes over sponge bottoms off the mouth of the Amazon River. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, Miami, pp. 305 - 310." type="proceedings paper" year="1977">Collette &amp; Rützler, 1977</bibRefCitation>
); Maranhão State (present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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