186 lines
16 KiB
XML
186 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C673A201FF20EE16F31C481E" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Macronycteris commersonii" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810926" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C673A201FF20EE16F31C481E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C673A201FF20EE16F31C481E" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<heading pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection box="[216,289,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[210,1825,4491,4647]" box="[216,289,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<figureCitation box="[216,289,4492,4553]" captionStart="Plate 16: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="2.[175,218,4379,4408]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia arabica), 2. Somalian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia italosomalica), 3. Patrizi’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia patrizii), 4. Geoffroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia tridens), 5. Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina camerunensis), 6. Telefomin Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina corynophyllus), 7. Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina cyclops), 8. Hill’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina edwardshilli), 9. Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina muscinus), 10. Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina semoni), 11. Northern Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina stenotis), 12. Wollaston’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina wollastoni), 13. Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris commersonii), 14. Madagascar Cryptic Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris cryptovalorona), 15. Giant Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris gigas rench: (Phyllorhine géante), 16. Sao Tome Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris thomensis rench: Phyllorhine de (Sao Tomé), 17. Striped Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris vittatus), 18. Dong Bac Trident Bat (Aselliscus dongbacanus), 19. Stoliczka’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), 20. Temminck’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus tricuspidatus), 21. East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed (Bat Coelopsfrithii), 22. Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat (Coelops robinsoni), 23. Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat (Anthops omatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739810" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739810/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">13.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[311,1114,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[210,1825,4491,4647]" box="[311,1114,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<vernacularName box="[311,1114,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1176,1825,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[210,1825,4491,4647]" box="[1176,1825,4492,4553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1176,1825,4492,4553]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">
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<emphasis box="[1176,1825,4492,4553]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Macronycteris commersonii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[210,1825,4491,4647]" box="[211,1788,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,314,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[325,692,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Phyllorhine de Commerson</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[720,842,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[853,1223,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Commerson-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1249,1374,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1385,1788,4567,4594]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Macronicterio de Commerson</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="5.[210,1825,4491,4647]" box="[211,942,4620,4647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[211,545,4622,4647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[555,942,4620,4647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Commerson's Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2760,3570,363,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2763,2976,363,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1813" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="commersonii">Rhinolophus commersonii É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1813</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2760,3570,363,936]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598305" latitude="-22.316668" longitude="45.293335" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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“fort Dauphin, île de
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<collectingCountry box="[3106,3335,469,508]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.” Based on neotype selection, identified by Goodman and colleagues in 2016 as “
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<collectingCountry box="[3328,3559,576,615]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion box="[2763,3264,630,669]" country="Madagascar" name="Fianarantsoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Province de Fianarantsoa</collectingRegion>
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, Parc National de l’lsalo, along Sahanafa River, near foot of Bevato Mountain,
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<quantity box="[3179,3302,736,775]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="km" value="28.0">28 km</quantity>
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south-east of Berenty-Betsileo,
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<geoCoordinate box="[3131,3311,788,827]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="19.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" precision="92" value="-22.316668">22°19.0’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[3369,3556,788,827]" degrees="45" direction="east" minutes="17.6" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" precision="92" value="45.293335">45°17.6’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity box="[2763,2879,843,882]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[2760,3570,363,936]" lastBlockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Widely used specific epithet commersoni changed as the original name is valid and thus retained. Monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1933,3243,1003,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749063" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749063" box="[1933,3243,1003,1042]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749063/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" startId="5.[1933,2171,1003,1042]" targetBox="[1931,2732,362,925]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" box="[1933,3243,1003,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1933,2179,1003,1042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to
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<collectingCountry box="[2430,2659,1003,1042]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, where it is widely distributed.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1933,2273,1056,1095]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity box="[2524,2773,1056,1095]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.04" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="107.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="104.0">104—110 mm</quantity>
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, tail 31-45 mm, ear 29-31 mm, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[1936,2143,1109,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13—18 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[2342,2574,1109,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="10.3" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="103.0" valueMin="80.0">80—103 mm</quantity>
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; weight 39-5—
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<quantity box="[2849,2937,1109,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="g" value="98.0">98 g</quantity>
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. Males are larger than females. Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat has a distinctive noseleaf that is divided into four cells on its posterior margin with three or four lateral leaflets. Pelage is dense and short, reddish brown to dark brown dorsally, and somewhat paler ventrally. Flanks and armpits are white, and there is dark band across shoulders. Ears are long and narrow. A frontal sac is present in both sexes. It is difficult to distinguish from the
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<collectingCountry box="[3336,3565,1376,1415]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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Cryptic Leaf-nosed Bat (M cryptaualorond), but is slightly larger. Dental formula for all members of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1866" box="[2172,2410,1483,1522]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Macronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Macronycteris</taxonomicName>
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is 11/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3 (x2) = 30. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 52 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1931,2084,1590,1629]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat inhabits a variety of forested and wooded habitats, including degraded forest and the ecotone between forest and agricultural landscapes. It occurs at elevations up to
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<quantity box="[2610,2750,1697,1736]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1931,2297,1750,1789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat is insectivorous, feeding predominantly on large beetles (Coleoptera) and, to a lesser degree, on bugs (
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<taxonomicName box="[3319,3539,1804,1843]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
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). A large variety of other insects are taken in smaller amounts, and even possibly small vertebrates (e.g. frogs). It forages by sallying out from a perch to capture prey, which is returned to the perch to be consumed. It puts on significant amounts of fat at the end of the rainy season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1930,2115,2071,2110]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Females segregate into maternity roosts during the birthing season, with males and non-reproductive females roosting together in separate caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1927,2245,2177,2216]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat roosts predominantly in caves, but may occasionally also use tall forest trees. Echolocation call includes a GF component at C.65 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1929,2866,2337,2376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Some populations are thought to be migratory, as individuals disappear seasonally from certain caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1930,2404,2444,2483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCNRed List (as Tfrpposideros commersoni) because of extensive hunting pressure. This is partially mitigated by its widespread distribution and tolerance of habitat degradation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="232" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[1927,3565,949,2904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1930,2138,2610,2639]" pageId="5" pageNumber="232">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bader eta/. (2015), Bogdanowicz & Owen (1998), Eger & Mitchell (2003), Foley, Goodman eta/. (2017), Foley, Thong Vu Dinh eta/. (2015), Goodman (2006, 2011), Goodman, Andriafidison eta/. (2005), Good man, Ratrimomanarivo et al. (2008), Goodman, Schoeman et al. (2016), Hill (1963a), Jenkins & Racey (2008), Kofoky, Andriafidison et al. (2007), Kofoky, Randrianandrianina et al. (2009), Raharinantenaina et al. (2008), Rakotoarivelo, Ralisata et al. (2009), Rakotoarivelo, Ranaivoson et al. (2007), Rakotoarivelo, Willows-Munro et al. (2015), Ramasindrazana et al. (2015), Ranivo & Goodman (2007), Razakarivony et al. (2005).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |