187 lines
16 KiB
XML
187 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C668A21AF89AF71DF3CE5141" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros pygmaeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="257" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1658321659381" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C668A21AF89AF71DF3CE5141" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C668A21AF89AF71DF3CE5141" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<heading pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection box="[1890,1967,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1888,3522,2182,2342]" box="[1890,1967,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<figureCitation box="[1890,1967,2183,2244]" captionStart="Plate 19: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="26.[167,210,4414,4443]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="67. Timor Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros crumeniferus), 68. Bornean Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros doriae), 69. Durga Das’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros durgadasi), 70. Dayak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dyacorum), 71. House-dwelling Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros einnaythu), 72. Andersen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros gentilis), 73. Fulvus Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfulvus), 74. Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros halophyllus), 75. Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus), 76. Phou Khao Khouay Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros khaokhouayensis), 77. Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros kunzi), 78. Big-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros macrobullotus), 79. Maggie Taylor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros maggietaylorae), 80. Malayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nequam), 81. Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nicobarulae), 82. Philippine Forest Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros obscurus), 83. Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros orbiculus), 84. Biak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros papua), 85. Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pomona), 86. Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pygmaeus), 87. Ridley’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ridleyi), 88. Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros rotalis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739818/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">86.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1992,2895,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1888,3522,2182,2342]" box="[1992,2895,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<vernacularName box="[1992,2895,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2957,3522,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1888,3522,2182,2342]" box="[2957,3522,2183,2244]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[2957,3522,2183,2244]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
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<emphasis box="[2957,3522,2183,2244]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Hipposideros pygmaeus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1888,3522,2182,2342]" box="[1889,3429,2258,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1889,1994,2260,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2004,2270,2258,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Phyllorhine pygmée</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2297,2419,2260,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2432,2875,2258,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Kleine Philippinen-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2899,3025,2260,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[3036,3429,2258,2285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Hiposidérido filipino pequeno</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1888,3522,2182,2342]" box="[1889,2667,2312,2339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1889,2223,2314,2339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2235,2667,2312,2339]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Philippine Pygmy Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2713,3515,2410,2980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2713,2924,2410,2449]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Waterhouse, 1843" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1843" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Rhinolophus pygmaeus Waterhouse, 1843</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2965,3350,2462,2501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2713,3515,2410,2980]" box="[2965,3350,2462,2501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598309" box="[2965,3350,2462,2501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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“
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<collectingCountry box="[2981,3329,2462,2501]" name="Philippines" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2713,3515,2410,2980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[2714,3135,2516,2555]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Hipposideros pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
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was formerly included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[3015,3128,2569,2608]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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species group, but its position in the phylogeny is unclear and its taxonomy requires further study. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749209/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" startId="30.[2713,2947,2781,2820]" targetBox="[1887,2683,2417,2974]" targetPageId="30">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[2713,3515,2410,2980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2713,2955,2781,2820]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to
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<collectingCountry box="[3232,3448,2781,2820]" name="Philippines" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(S Luzon, Polillo,
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<collectingRegion box="[3029,3271,2834,2873]" country="Philippines" name="Marinduque" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Marinduque</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[3303,3424,2834,2873]" country="Philippines" name="Samar" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Samar</collectingRegion>
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, Panay, Negros,
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<collectingRegion box="[2975,3079,2887,2926]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Cebu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[3107,3225,2887,2926]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Bohol</collectingRegion>
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, and N Mindanao).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1890,2238,2991,3030]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body
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<quantity box="[2492,2702,2991,3030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="57.0">57—73 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity box="[2803,3010,2991,3030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="18.0">18—27 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity box="[3112,3319,2991,3030]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11—15 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity box="[1891,2053,3045,3084]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6—8 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity box="[2249,2458,3045,3084]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="41.0" valueMin="37.0">37—41 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[2623,2688,3045,3084]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="g" value="4.0">4 g</quantity>
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. Ears of the Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat are triangular, with a broad base, and concave below tip; they are haired for half of their length. Noseleaf is large and complex. Anterior noseleaf is broad and has two pairs of supplementary lateral leaflets. Unlike posterior pair of leaflets, anterior pair meets beneath anterior noseleaf. Inflated intermediate leaf has no median emarginations. Posterior leaf is broad, with semicircular upper margin and with three vertical septa, which from four cells. Frontal sac only present in males. Fur is dark brown with whitish bases on dorsum; on ventral part pelage is brown, darker at base of hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1890,2043,3522,3561]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary and secondary lowland forest. The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat has been reported from sea level up to
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<quantity box="[2633,2753,3575,3614]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1890,2242,3628,3667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat probably forages in cluttered areas of forest Common prey of this species includes
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<taxonomicName box="[2912,3076,3681,3720]" class="Pilidiophora" family="Lineidae" genus="Araneae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Heteronemertea" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Nemertea" rank="genus">Araneae</taxonomicName>
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, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Blattodea, and Psocoptera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1891,2802,3787,3826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" box="[1891,2802,3787,3826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1891,2074,3787,3826]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Maternity colonies are found in caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1889,2209,3839,3878]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed bat has been reported roosting in limestone caves and other underground habitats. Call frequency of the F segment is c.95-5 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1892,2848,3997,4036]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat is a gregarious species and has been observed in caves, usually roosting in small groups, although large numbers have been reported in some caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1892,2367,4156,4195]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on IUCNRed List. The Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat has a relatively wide distribution and its population is thought to be large. In addition, it is considered to be tolerant of a degree of habitat degradation. Potential threats to this species could be disturbance at roosts, cave destruction, deforestation and mining, as well as local hunting in some areas. This species is hunted for food in parts of its range, although this does not seem to heavily harm the species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[1889,3515,2991,4615]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1894,2100,4532,4561]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Heaney, Balete, Dolar eta/. (1998), Heaney, Balete, Ong, Rosell-Ambal,Tabaranza & Esselstyn (2008), Hill (1963a), Ingle & Heaney (1992), Phelps, Jose eta/. (2016),Tate (1941a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |