190 lines
16 KiB
XML
190 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C665A217FF28FCCDFE7A4F99" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros calcaratus Dobson 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="246" updateTime="1658320025573" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810861" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810861" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C665A217FF28FCCDFE7A4F99" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C665A217FF28FCCDFE7A4F99" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<heading pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<subSubSection box="[208,287,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[206,1663,854,1014]" box="[208,287,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<figureCitation box="[208,287,855,916]" captionStart="Plate 18: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="18.[172,215,4473,4502]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="47. Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros curtus), 49. Aellen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros marisae), 50. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros speoris), 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus), 52. Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ceruinus), 53. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi), 54. Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus), 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae), 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus), 57. Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffer), 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfuliginosus), 59. Lamotte’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei), 60. Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber), 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros tephrus), 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ater), 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros bicolor), 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps), 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cineraceus), 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739814/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">51.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[312,979,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[206,1663,854,1014]" box="[312,979,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<vernacularName box="[312,979,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1062,1663,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[206,1663,854,1014]" box="[1062,1663,855,916]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1062,1663,855,916]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
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<emphasis box="[1062,1663,855,916]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Hipposideros calcaratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[206,1663,854,1014]" box="[207,1577,930,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,309,932,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[322,613,930,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Phyllorhine à éperons</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[638,762,932,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[772,1054,930,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Sporn-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1080,1205,932,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1217,1577,930,957]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Hiposidérido de espolones</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[206,1663,854,1014]" box="[207,856,984,1011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,540,986,1011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[551,856,984,1011]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Spurred Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1034,1830,1083,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1034,1245,1083,1122]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Dobson, 1877" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Phyllorhina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcarata">Phyllorhina calcarata Dobson, 1877</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1034,1830,1083,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598308" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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“Duke-of-York Island and adjacent coasts of
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<collectingRegion box="[1219,1460,1189,1228]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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and
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<collectingRegion box="[1568,1806,1189,1228]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="West New Britain" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">New Britain</collectingRegion>
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,”
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<collectingCountry box="[1035,1402,1243,1282]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1034,1830,1083,1655]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1034,1439,1296,1335]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">Hipposideros calcaratus</taxonomicName>
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was formerly included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[1225,1338,1349,1388]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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species group, but is now placed in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1315,1491,1402,1441]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">calcaratus</taxonomicName>
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species group (species). Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749137/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" startId="19.[208,295,1669,1708]" targetBox="[208,1003,1088,1649]" targetPageId="19">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1034,1830,1083,1655]" box="[1034,1575,1509,1548]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1034,1575,1509,1548]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[1034,1830,1083,1655]" lastBlockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authority="Dobson, 1877" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[1035,1591,1560,1599]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="calcaratus" subSpecies="calcaratus">H. c. calcaratus Dobson, 1877</taxonomicName>
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— Admiralty Is (
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<collectingRegion box="[1101,1238,1616,1655]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Manus" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Manus</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry box="[1280,1708,1616,1655]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Bismarck Archipelago</collectingCountry>
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, Solomon Is, Trobriand Is (Kiriwina), D’Entrecasteaux Is (Normanby), and Misima I; probably on other inshore Is of New
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<collectingCountry box="[813,955,1722,1761]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" box="[208,1515,1775,1815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1918" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[208,796,1775,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="calcaratus" subSpecies="cupidus">H. c. cupidus K. Andersen, 1918</taxonomicName>
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mainland New
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<collectingCountry box="[1130,1270,1775,1814]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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and Yapen I.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,552,1826,1865]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 49-4—
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<quantity box="[911,1050,1826,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
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, tail 31-44 mm, ear 16-5—
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<quantity box="[1564,1703,1826,1865]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot 7-9—
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<quantity box="[382,516,1879,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 46-2—55-8 mm; weight 11-5 g. The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat has large, funnel-shaped ears, with slighdy rounded tips. Noseleaf is simple, without supplementary leaflets. Intermediate leaf has a medial and well-developed protuberance. Posterior leaf is long, with three vertical septa. There is a small protuberance above each eye and behind both laterals of posterior noseleaf. Frontal sac of males is relatively small. Wing membrane is attached to side of foot. Pelage is long and soft, with dark brown on dorsum, and paler colors over shoulders; fur is whitish-grayish on ventral part, and naked wing membranes are blackish brown. This species can occasionally present a reddish or orange coloration.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[209,1320,2359,2398]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" box="[209,1320,2359,2398]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[209,359,2359,2398]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Forests and wet lowlands from sea level to
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<quantity box="[1175,1314,2359,2398]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,563,2412,2451]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet of the Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is based on insects; it probably hunts mainly Blattodea and Orthoptera. Its foraging habitat is still unknown, but forest areas and river bodies are possible feeding zones.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,391,2571,2610]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding colonies have been reported in caves, with aggregations of hundreds or thousands of individuals. Females give birth to one or two offspring in May-June or October—November.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,527,2730,2769]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in caves, tunnels, and other underground cavities. Echolocation call includes a F component of 125-130 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,1152,2836,2875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is gregarious and can be found in large colonies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,700,2942,2981]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat is common within its range. Although the trends are unknown, it is thought that the overall population is large. No major threats to this species are known at present, although habitat loss and human disturbance could be of some importance.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="19.[201,1831,1669,3295]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[210,416,3213,3242]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Bonaccorso & Reardon (2008f), Hill (1971c), Lavery eta/. (2014), Smith & Hill (1981), Vestjens & Hall (1977).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |