224 lines
22 KiB
XML
224 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C664A217F898F784FEDD41AC" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros speoris" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1658320025573" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C664A217F898F784FEDD41AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C664A217F898F784FEDD41AC" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<heading pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<subSubSection box="[1888,1968,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[1886,3346,2078,2235]" box="[1888,1968,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<figureCitation box="[1888,1968,2078,2139]" captionStart="Plate 18: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="18.[172,215,4473,4502]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="47. Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros curtus), 49. Aellen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros marisae), 50. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros speoris), 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus), 52. Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ceruinus), 53. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi), 54. Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus), 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae), 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus), 57. Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffer), 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfuliginosus), 59. Lamotte’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei), 60. Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber), 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros tephrus), 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ater), 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros bicolor), 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps), 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cineraceus), 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739814/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">50.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1993,2757,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1886,3346,2078,2235]" box="[1993,2757,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<vernacularName box="[1993,2757,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2821,3326,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1886,3346,2078,2235]" box="[2821,3326,2078,2139]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[2821,3326,2078,2139]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speoris">
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<emphasis box="[2821,3326,2078,2139]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Hipposideros speoris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1886,3346,2078,2235]" box="[1887,3346,2155,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1887,1991,2157,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2002,2343,2155,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Phyllorhine de Schneider</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2362,2486,2157,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2495,2827,2155,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Schneider-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2854,2979,2157,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2991,3346,2155,2182]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Hiposidérido de Schneider</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1886,3346,2078,2235]" box="[1887,2587,2208,2235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1887,2221,2210,2235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2231,2587,2208,2235]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Schneider's Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[2707,3512,2309,2876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2709,2920,2309,2348]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Schneider" authorityName="Schneider" box="[2944,3453,2309,2348]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Vespertilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speoris">Vespertilio speoris Schneider</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation box="[2709,3003,2361,2400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Schreber, 1800</treatmentCitation>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[2707,3512,2309,2876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598330" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<collectingCountry box="[3030,3254,2361,2400]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Tranquebar</collectingCountry>
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, Madras,
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<collectingCountry name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[2707,3512,2309,2876]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[2709,3061,2467,2506]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speoris">Hipposideros speoris</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1800" box="[3398,3511,2467,2506]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="speoris">speoris</taxonomicName>
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species group. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2708,3347,2573,2612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749135" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749135" box="[2708,3347,2573,2612]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749135/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" startId="18.[2708,2939,2573,2612]" targetBox="[1883,2678,2311,2869]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[2707,3512,2309,2876]" box="[2708,3347,2573,2612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2708,2946,2573,2612]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry box="[2960,3061,2573,2612]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">India</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[3155,3341,2573,2612]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[2707,3512,2309,2876]" lastBlockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2708,3046,2626,2665]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 46-62 mm, ear 12-19 mm, forearm 45-54 mm. Ears of Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat are relatively short. Noseleaf has three supplementary leaflets. Posterior leaf has three vertical septa, which divide posterior leaf into four cells. Males have frontal sac behind posterior leaf, whereas it is a tuft of hairs in females. Pelage varies from gray to bright orangebrown or yellowish-brown. Skull length is 18-20-5 mm, with weak rostral inflation and weak sagittal crest. C1 and j are large. P2 is small and slightly extruded from tooth row. Baculum is very small and simple, with narrow shaft and blunt tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1884,2035,3205,3244]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Dry plains to forested hillsides. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat forages either in dry, flat areas or forested hills up to
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<quantity box="[2567,2706,3258,3297]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" unit="m" value="1385.0">1385 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1883,2253,3311,3350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat feeds in groups of 10-15 individuals on insects near the ground. Diet includes mosquitoes, flies, beetles, and other low-flying insects. After leaving the roost, it has been found to revisit it several times during the night.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1883,2066,3522,3561]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingRegion box="[2140,2382,3522,3561]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
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, mating was observed from late December to mid-March. Females were found pregnant in May-July, giving birth to a single young from mid-May to midJune. Lactating females were captured until mid-September. However, reproductive cycle can be variable between sites—e.g. breeding season starts in mid-November in Bangalore; females give birth in September and October in
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<collectingRegion box="[3222,3452,3732,3771]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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. A single young was carried by its mother until its weight rose to
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<quantity box="[3025,3083,3785,3824]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" unit="g" value="6.0">6 g</quantity>
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. Females reach sexual maturity in 7-5-8 months, but this takes 16-17 months for males. Penis and scrotum of males are enlarged and thickened during the breeding season.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1880,2201,3943,3982]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat can be found roosting in small crevices caves, tunnels, temples, and abandoned buildings. Echolocation of individuals from southern
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<collectingCountry box="[2069,2170,4048,4087]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">India</collectingCountry>
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is a typical CF/FM type, with a call frequency of the F segment of 131-135 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[1880,3504,2888,4350]" lastBlockId="19.[207,1831,390,747]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1881,2856,4154,4193]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bats are gregarious. Colony size can be as small as a few individuals to hundreds or even thousands. Males and females cohabit at the roost, and the size of the colonies is constant throughout the year. Roosts of this species were shared with
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<taxonomicName box="[3057,3179,4311,4350]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">Fulvus</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bats {
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<taxonomicName box="[229,408,390,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvus">H. fulvus</taxonomicName>
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), Indian Rufous Horseshoe Bats {
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1835" box="[1085,1431,390,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Rhinolophidae" genus="Rhinolophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouxii">Rhinolophus rouxii</taxonomicName>
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), and Greater Asian False-Vampires (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[519,709,444,483]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Lyroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="246" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Lyroderma</taxonomicName>
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lyrd).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739814" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739814/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" startId="18.[172,215,4473,4502]" targetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" targetPageId="17">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[169,3497,4443,4668]" pageId="18" pageNumber="245">
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On following pages: 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[898,1245,4473,4502]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">Hipposideros calcaratus</taxonomicName>
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); 52. awn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cantor" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeritus">Hipposideros galeritus</taxonomicName>
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); 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="J. A. Allen" authorityYear="1917" box="[692,961,4525,4554]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abae">Hipposideros abae</taxonomicName>
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); 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1906" box="[1394,1689,4525,4554]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beatus">Hipposideros beatus</taxonomicName>
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||
}; 57. Sundevall's Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brosset" authorityYear="1985" box="[418,735,4578,4607]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamottei">Hipposideros lamottei</taxonomicName>
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); 60. Noack's Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Noack" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[1186,1461,4578,4607]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruber">Hipposideros ruber</taxonomicName>
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}; 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZyfetThomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[183,379,4630,4659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipposideros</taxonomicName>
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bicoloi}; 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tate" authorityYear="1941" box="[1019,1355,4630,4659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="breviceps">Hipposideros breviceps</taxonomicName>
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}; 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gould" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1779,2102,4473,4659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cervinus">Hipposideros cervinus</taxonomicName>
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}; 53. Cox's Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Shelford" authorityYear="1901" box="[2523,2780,4473,4502]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coxi">Hipposideros coxi</taxonomicName>
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}; 54. Cantor's Leaf-nosed Bat (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="ZyfetThomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[3242,3436,4473,4502]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipposideros</taxonomicName>
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Leaf-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZyfetThomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[2188,2382,4525,4554]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipposideros</taxonomicName>
|
||
caffed: 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Temminck" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[2895,3254,4525,4554]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">Hipposideros fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 59. Lamotte ’s Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1906" box="[1929,2238,4578,4607]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tephrus">Hipposideros tephrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
}; 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="ZyfetThomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[2672,2867,4578,4607]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hipposideros</taxonomicName>
|
||
atei]; 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1853" box="[1982,2137,4630,4659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cineraceus">cineraceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[2714,3060,4630,4659]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="245" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coronatus">Hipposideros coronatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
}.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[207,1831,390,747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[207,682,497,536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List, because it has a wide distribution and large colony sizes. Potential threats are hunting, limestone mining, and quarrying.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="246" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[207,1831,390,747]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[208,414,662,691]" pageId="19" pageNumber="246">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Corbet & Hill (1992), Molur, Yapa & Srinivasulu (2008b), Simmons (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |