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<document id="8C30CD2B13D3399C862B30BE24A415BB" ID-DOI="10.4467/16890027AP.16.004.4045" ID-ISSN="1689-0027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10994310" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713466949253" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thomsen, Helge Abildhauge &amp; Egge, Jorun Karin" docDate="2016" docId="03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaProtozool.55.1.27-32.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Protozoologica 55 (1)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/916a50c3-3b5f-343b-b365-8f3524645ce0/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7.3:ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="64ABA4BEA387EE5C24A0DDEB32CC92E7" docStyleName="ActaProtozool.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Papposphaera heldalii Thomsen &amp; Egge 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF84FFE4A45FA71C8A06FF8EC902FFD2" masterDocTitle="Papposphaera heldalii sp. nov. (Haptophyta, Papposphaeraceae) from Svalbard" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1713467262741" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6D92B97FC1B78A0842EE2CF5F383A465">Papposphaera heldalii sp. nov. (Haptophyta, Papposphaeraceae) from Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="532176B4F6AB67DCC6E42F1502446E5E">Thomsen, Helge Abildhauge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="96E45616FAAAA7E3B51A543D7082E021">Egge, Jorun Karin</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="C30E6501A45DA71E8A82FEB9C8FBFE80" box="[132,505,311,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8A82FEB9C8FBFE80" blockId="2.[132,505,311,338]" box="[132,505,311,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<heading id="D0E381E6A45DA71E8A82FEB9C8FBFE80" box="[132,505,311,338]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8A82FEB9C8FBFE80" bold="true" box="[132,505,311,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8A82FEB9C891FE80" authority="Thomsen &amp; Egge, 2016" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Egge" authorityYear="2016" box="[132,403,311,338]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="heldalii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8A82FEB9C891FE80" bold="true" box="[132,403,311,338]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Papposphaera heldalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25357E3A45DA71E8B9DFEB6C8FBFE80" box="[411,505,312,338]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6501A45DA71E8AACFEE7C8EBFAFE" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACFEE7C8EBFAFE" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AACFEE7CA08FE51" bold="true" box="[170,778,361,387]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Description of the heterococcolithophore phase:</emphasis>
Coccosphere outer diameter ca. 10 µm; inner diameter 4
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8A95FE21C9A0FE1B" bold="true" box="[147,162,431,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
5 µm (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8AF3FE20C866FE1B" box="[245,356,430,457]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
). Dimorphic coccoliths. Body coc- coliths are narrowly elliptical and typically measure 0.9
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AAFFE7AC9BAFDDC" bold="true" box="[169,184,500,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
1.0 × 0.5
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8B2DFE7AC838FDDC" bold="true" box="[299,314,500,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
0.6 µm. The coccolith rim (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8890FE7ACBE0FDDC" box="[662,738,500,526]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is formed by two cycles of elements. A proximal cycle of rod-shaped elements (0.1
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8BB7FDB7C8C2FD81" bold="true" box="[433,448,569,595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
0.2 × 0.04 µm) and a distal cycle of pentagonal elements that give the rim a regu- lar serrated appearance. Elements from the distal cycle are regularly shifted half the length of a rod-shaped ele- ment from the proximal cycle and an extension from the pentagonal elements separates the rod-like elements (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8A8AFC87C9F7FCF6" box="[140,245,777,804]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figs 2, 7</figureCitation>
; arrows). The coccolith rim flares slightly rel- ative to the subtending organic base plate, and is vari- able in height (0.2
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8B63FCC1C876FCBB" bold="true" box="[357,372,847,873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
0.3 µm). There is no central area calcification. Clusters of coccoliths with calicate cen- tral spines occur at the apical and antapical poles of the cell (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8AB8FC39C825FC03" box="[190,295,950,977]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Figs 3
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8B0EFC39C815FC03" bold="true" box="[264,279,951,977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
5
</figureCitation>
). These coccoliths are narrowly elliptical and measure 1.0
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8B42FC57C851FC21" bold="true" box="[324,339,985,1011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
1.2 × 0.8 µm. The coccolith rim (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E88DDFC57C991FBC4" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) is similar to that described above for the body coc- coliths. Central area calcification is in the shape of an axial cross (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8B12FBCFC89CFB8E" box="[276,414,1089,1116]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Figs 3, 5
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8B86FBCFC88DFB89" bold="true" box="[384,399,1089,1115]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
6
</figureCitation>
) that leads into a central shaft (2.1
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AB5FBEAC9C0FBAC" bold="true" box="[179,194,1124,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
3.6 µm) which in turn carries a calyx 0.9
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E88A1FBEACBB4FBAC" bold="true" box="[679,694,1124,1150]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
1.2 µm in height. The calyx (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8B86FB09C8CAFB73" box="[384,456,1159,1185]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is formed by four triangu- lar wings arranged in a cross-shaped perpendicular pat- tern. Each wing is distally and laterally terminated by a prominent tooth and overlaps proximally for a short distance with the central stem.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6501A45DA71E8AACFABACA0AF993" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACFABACB21FA9D" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" box="[170,547,1332,1359]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AACFABAC824FA9C" bold="true" box="[170,294,1332,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus id="54AF8828A45DA71E8AACFABAC823FA9C" box="[170,289,1332,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8B2BFABAC891FA9C" box="[301,403,1332,1358]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Figs 3, 6</figureCitation>
(same cell).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACFAD9C82FFA64" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AACFAD9C855FAA2" bold="true" box="[170,343,1366,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CD7A45DA71E8B64FAD9C82AFA64" collectingDate="2014-03" collectionCode="PSU" collectorName="St. B" elevation="320" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1">
Collected
<date id="FFAA104AA45DA71E8BDBFAD9CB72FAA3" box="[477,624,1367,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2014-03">
<collectingDate id="EFEEE9A2A45DA71E8BDBFAD9CB72FAA3" box="[477,624,1367,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" value="2014-03">March 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
from
<collectorName id="26E1535CA45DA71E88B8FAD9CBF9FAA3" box="[702,763,1367,1393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">St. B</collectorName>
2 (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8A8BFAF7C9D1FA41" box="[141,211,1401,1427]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[809,844,936,958]" captionTargetBox="[820,1444,223,905]" captionTargetId="figure-475@1.[820,1444,223,905]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Svalbard sampling sites during MicroPolar cruises. The type locality of P. heldalii is marked by a square, and arrows point to ad- ditional sampling sites yielding P. heldalii material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994312/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) at
<elevation id="0039D1B9A45DA71E8B01FAF7C89CFA41" box="[263,414,1401,1428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="320.0">
<quantity id="4CEC9B6FA45DA71E8B01FAF7C856FA46" box="[263,340,1401,1428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
(cold Atlantic water / &lt;2°C /&gt; 34.92
<collectionCode id="ED05AE4FA45DA71E8AE3FA12C822FA64" box="[229,288,1436,1462]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5mg9-yyc1" name="Portland State University, Vertebrate Biology Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">PSU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACFA31CA0AF993" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AACFA31C87CFA0A" bold="true" box="[170,382,1470,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Type depository:</emphasis>
The filter and the stub examined are maintained in the archives of the Bergen University Laboratory for Electron Microscopy which is affiliated with the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E6501A45DA71E8AACF9C7CA9EF9AA" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACF9C7C889F919" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8AACF9C7C839F9B1" bold="true" box="[170,315,1609,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8831F9C7CB98F9B1" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Egge" authorityYear="2016" box="[567,666,1609,1635]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="heldalii">
‘
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8846F9C7CB98F9B1" box="[576,666,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">heldalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ honours the contribution of Mikal Heldal, Univ. Bergen, to the recent exploration of lightly calcified coccolithophores from high Arctic sites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8AACF95ACD9BFCAC" blockId="2.[132,779,361,1948]" lastBlockId="2.[816,1463,659,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
There is little additional information required in sup- port of the details embedded in the formal species di- agnosis. We have not observed flagella and haptonema in association with any of the complete coccospheres examined. However, the occurrence of coccoliths with calicate spines in distinct clusters and with a notice- able difference in length of the central structure when comparing clusters within the same cell (see e.g.
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8F6FFD38CCACFD02" box="[1385,1454,694,720]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) clearly indicates that these cells have distinct polarity which is commonly linked to the presence in the living cell of flagella and haptonema. Since all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8949FCCFCAF8FC89" authorityName="K. Tangen" authorityYear="1972" box="[847,1018,833,859]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8949FCCFCAF8FC89" box="[847,1018,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Papposphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are flagellated there is every reason to believe that these cells are too.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8950FC09CD50FB41" blockId="2.[816,1463,659,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8970FC09CAEFFC72" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Egge" authorityYear="2016" box="[886,1005,902,928]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="heldalii">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8970FC09CAEFFC72" box="[886,1005,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. heldalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a large variability in size (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8F84FC08CA5FFC16" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
Figs 3
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8939FC27CA4CFC11" bold="true" box="[831,846,937,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
5
</figureCitation>
) among body coccoliths within the same cocco- sphere exceeding what is typically observed within species of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E89ADFC60CD54FBDA" authorityName="K. Tangen" authorityYear="1972" box="[939,1110,1006,1032]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E89ADFC60CD54FBDA" box="[939,1110,1006,1032]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Papposphaera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<tableCitation id="C6960331A45DA71E8E62FC60CDB9FBDA" box="[1124,1211,1006,1032]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="2.[816,872,223,244]" captionText="Table 2. Size variability (µm) among body coccoliths." pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Table 2</tableCitation>
summarizes the vari- ability encountered, with the cell in
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E8EDFFB9FCC1CFBFE" box="[1241,1310,1041,1068]" captionStart="Figs 2–7" captionStartId="3.[125,168,1693,1715]" captionTargetBox="[155,1383,223,1659]" captionTargetId="figure-201@3.[155,1383,223,1680]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 2–7. Papposphaera heldalii SEM images of cells from the Svalbard region collected during Jan. 2014 (Figs 4–5) and March 2014 (Figs 2–3, 6–7). 2 – cluster of coccoliths shown at high magnification. Notice in particular details of the calyx and coccolith rim calcification. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements. See also ruptures in the organic base plates of body coccoliths; 3 – whole cell (type specimen) showing the general disposition of types of coccoliths within the coccosphere. A single coccolith (enlarged in Fig. 6) shows the central area calcification of a calicate coccolith; 4 – whole cell. Notice the difference in length of the central process among the two clusters of coccoliths carrying these. See also the conspicuous size differences between neighboring body coccoliths; 5 – body coccoliths showing large individual size differences; 6 – detail of central area calcification in a coccolith that carries a central process (broken away here); 7 – detail of coccolith rim from coccoliths that carry a central process. The arrows point to extensions from the pentagonal elements separating the rod-like elements." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994314/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
representing the most extreme case with mean values of 0.9 ± 0.14 × 0.6 ± 0.09 and overall size ranges between 0.5
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8F57FBD8CC62FBA2" bold="true" box="[1361,1376,1110,1136]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
1.2 and 0.4
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8953FBF7CA66FB41" bold="true" box="[853,868,1145,1171]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">–</emphasis>
0.7 µm respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8950FB12CAACFACC" blockId="2.[816,1463,659,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
There is no evidence of unmineralized underlayer scales nor can we at this stage provide information with reference to a possible life history counterpart of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8936FA8ACAA5FACC" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Egge" authorityYear="2016" box="[816,935,1284,1310]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="heldalii">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8936FA8ACAA5FACC" box="[816,935,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. heldalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB368AA45DA71E8950FAA8CA9EF9AA" blockId="2.[816,1463,659,1656]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CD7A45DA71E8950FAA8CA95F9AA" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Young Sound" latitude="74.25" location="The" longLatPrecision="958" longitude="-20.166666" municipality="MicroPolar'" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECB6051A45DA71E8950FAA8CA86FA92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA:8ECB6051A45DA71E8950FAA8CA86FA92" box="[854,900,1318,1344]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Young Sound" latitude="74.25" longLatPrecision="958" longitude="-20.166666" municipality="MicroPolar'" name="The" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">The</location>
geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C144D09A45DA71E8EE3FAA9CC5DFA92" authorityName="Thomsen &amp; Egge" authorityYear="2016" box="[1253,1375,1318,1344]" class="Coccolithophyceae" family="Papposphaeraceae" genus="Papposphaera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Coccosphaerales" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" phylum="Haptophyta" rank="species" species="heldalii">
<emphasis id="B960EA98A45DA71E8EE3FAA9CC5DFA92" box="[1253,1375,1318,1344]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">P. heldalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is cur- rently almost exclusively limited to the
<collectingCountry id="F303761AA45DA71E8EFBFAC7CC67FAB1" box="[1277,1381,1353,1379]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Svalbard</collectingCountry>
region (
<figureCitation id="132F2A0FA45DA71E893FFAE2CA83FA54" box="[825,897,1388,1414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[809,844,936,958]" captionTargetBox="[820,1444,223,905]" captionTargetId="figure-475@1.[820,1444,223,905]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Svalbard sampling sites during MicroPolar cruises. The type locality of P. heldalii is marked by a square, and arrows point to ad- ditional sampling sites yielding P. heldalii material." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10994312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10994312/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
<location id="8ECB6051A45DA71E899BFAE2CD08FA54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD879CA45DA71E8A82FEB9CA9EF9AA:8ECB6051A45DA71E899BFAE2CD08FA54" box="[925,1034,1388,1414]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="Young Sound" latitude="74.25" longLatPrecision="958" longitude="-20.166666" municipality="MicroPolar'" name="However" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">However</location>
, the species has also been found in ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFACF0A45DA71E8933FA00CACBFA7A" box="[821,969,1422,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">MicroPolar’</collectingMunicipality>
samples from
<collectingCounty id="62CA4E06A45DA71E8E7EFA01CC1AFA7A" box="[1144,1304,1422,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="29">Young Sound</collectingCounty>
(East Green- land / approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE20504DA45DA71E89EAFA3FCD4AFA1E" box="[1004,1096,1457,1484]" degrees="74" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="74.25">74°15N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="EE20504DA45DA71E8E8BFA3FCDF3FA19" box="[1165,1265,1457,1483]" degrees="20" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-20.166666">20°10W</geoCoordinate>
) (Heldal, Egge, Larsen and Paulsen, unpublished observations), and it is likely to have a panarctic distribution similar to what appears to be the case for many other lightly cal- cified coccolithophores from northern hemisphere high latitudes
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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