232 lines
23 KiB
XML
232 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-ISBN="978-2-8277-0083-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10.5281/zenodo.5729519" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_originalDoi="1" checkinTime="1637929020354" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Maier, Eva & Price, Michelle J." docDate="2014" docId="03BD8791485BFF86FC9BD6C4FE7F19F1" docLanguage="en" docName="Boissiera.67.1-78.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Boissiera 67" docStyle="DocumentStyle:AA16B234F31F96F62F1F73D1ADA05F60.4:Boissiera.2013-2014.journal_volume" docStyleId="AA16B234F31F96F62F1F73D1ADA05F60" docStyleName="Boissiera.2013-2014.journal_volume" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polytrichum" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="FF84FFE94872FFACFF94D771FFB01F4B" masterDocTitle="Georg Bojung “ Scato ” Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts" masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1674847127164" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Georg Bojung “ Scato ” Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maier, Eva</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>chemin des Cottenets 8, 1233 Bernex-Sézenove, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Price, Michelle J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">michelle.price@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Boissiera</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>67</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>79</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-2-8277-0083-7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">10.5281/zenodo.5729519</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD8791485BFF86FC9BD6C4FE7F19F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD8791485BFF86FC9BD6C4FE7F19F1" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection box="[783,1001,437,463]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="41.[783,1001,437,463]" box="[783,1001,437,463]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<heading bold="true" box="[783,1001,437,463]" centered="true" fontSize="13" level="1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[783,1001,437,463]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="63P9G" authority="Hedw." box="[783,997,437,463]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">POLYTRICHUM</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="41.[363,1421,482,695]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName box="[514,648,482,508]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[514,648,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Polytrichum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with its relatives in the family of mosses seems to be isolated what concerns the construction of the upper part of the capsule. The presentation, the structure of the peristome teeth, the appearance of a strange membrane, the epiphragm, connecting the teeth and closing the apex of the capsule are phenomena, which, by a superficially observation cannot be related with those known up to now. Before I describe these particularities I will portray the construction of the lower and median parts of the capsule.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="41.[363,1422,714,852]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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As it is known, in the lower part of nearly all species of
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<taxonomicName box="[1021,1152,714,740]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1021,1152,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Polytrichum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a more or less strong thickening which may be taken as an expansion of the seta, the so-called apophysis, see Tab. LXIV.
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<figureCitation box="[441,525,788,815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[538,564,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ap</emphasis>
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. It is built by simple parenchyma cells, of interest only in relation to their arrangement or their position;
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</paragraph>
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<subSection pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="41.[386,1422,911,1021]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<footnote pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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*) The author Schleiden also, by the way in his excellent presentation of a transverse section of a young capule of
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<taxonomicName box="[456,628,940,962]" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="alretinum">
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<emphasis box="[456,628,940,962]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Hypnum alretinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not correctly understood the structure of the outer peristome teeth by presenting them (see Grundzüge and so on Aufl. 2. Thl. 2. S. 74. Fig. 118.
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<emphasis box="[1027,1038,970,991]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
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) as were they built of complete cells with a strongly thickened membrane
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</footnote>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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<paragraph blockId="41.[363,1421,1085,1523]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[363,597,1085,1111]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">[original page 586]</emphasis>
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from the centre,
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<figureCitation box="[799,883,1085,1111]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[895,921,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">ap</emphasis>
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, they seem to spread to all sides by moving onto both sides of the epidermis, below towards the seta, and above towards the real base of the capsule. In the centre of this base (Tab. LXIV.
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<figureCitation box="[938,1048,1160,1186]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Fig. 31.
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<emphasis box="[1034,1048,1160,1186]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">b</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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) a column-like structure rises, c, the columella, which upwards widens to a plate-like disc (
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<figureCitation box="[1016,1126,1197,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Fig. 31.
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<emphasis box="[1112,1126,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">d</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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); around the columella is the spore sac formed as a hollow, quadrilaterally plicate cylinder, consistent of four cell layers each and the enclosed mother cells or spores (see the schematic presentation of the transverse section
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<figureCitation box="[449,529,1309,1335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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*.
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<emphasis box="[554,572,1310,1335]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">sc</emphasis>
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). In our presentation (of
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<taxonomicName box="[858,1097,1309,1335]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="piliferum">
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<emphasis box="[858,1097,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Polytrichum piliferum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) the spore sac is separated of the columella by a clearly portrayed hollow space (
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<figureCitation box="[954,1041,1347,1373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1054,1080,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">va</emphasis>
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) and connected to it only by confervoid-like filaments, but below it rises at the capsule base and is connected above with the disc-like widening of the columella. Again by a considerable gap (
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<figureCitation box="[1187,1364,1421,1447]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 31 and 31</figureCitation>
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*.
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<emphasis box="[1391,1403,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">v</emphasis>
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), filled with confervoid-like filaments, separated from the spore sac, the outermost point of the outer capsule wall
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<emphasis box="[572,622,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">(me)</emphasis>
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can be found, passing above into the annulus and the operculum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="41.[363,1421,1556,1731]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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Not in all species of
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<taxonomicName box="[648,785,1556,1582]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[648,785,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Polytrichum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the structure as described herein for
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<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="piliferum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis box="[1284,1420,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Polytrichum</emphasis>
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<emphasis box="[363,473,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">piliferum.</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Some of them:
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<emphasis box="[662,1132,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName box="[662,885,1593,1619]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="nanum">Polytrichum nanum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[898,1132,1593,1619]" class="Bryopsida" genus="Catharinea" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="undulata">Catharinea undulata</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and so on e.g. deviate in the respect that the spore sac is placed towards the inner side directly at the columella, which means that there is no special gap between the two parts; in all other parts there is no essential difference.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="42.[166,1225,235,636]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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At first, in the upper part of the capsule on the sides of the disc-like widening of the columella a connection to it and the outer capsule membrane or the lower part of the operculum appears, and then the row of the peristome teeth (Tab. LXIV.
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<figureCitation box="[955,1045,310,336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,427,340,366]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 31. Longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum piliferum, magnification x 15, Fig. 31* Schematic presentation of the central part in transverse section." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1064,1098,310,336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,426,423,449]" captionText="Fig. 32. Part of a longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum commune presenting the peristome and its nearest surrounding area, magnification x 250" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">32</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">[original page 587]</emphasis>
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Tab. LXVI.
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<figureCitation box="[427,510,347,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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. Tab. LXV.
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<figureCitation box="[643,813,347,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34, 35, 36</figureCitation>
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. Tab LXVI.
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<figureCitation box="[952,1031,347,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[386,425,535,561]" captionText="Fig. 39. Part of a transverse section of peristome teeth of a capsule of Polytrichum urnigerum, magnification x 500." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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<emphasis box="[1038,1064,348,373]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">pp</emphasis>
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and so on) by two or more cell layers separated from the epidermis. The peristome teeth consist of more or less strong bundles of horseshoe-like thick-walled fibre cells, and their upward pointing ends, growing together with the bundles, form a peristome tooth (compare Bruch and Schimper l. l.
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<taxonomicName box="[190,324,497,523]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[190,324,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Polytrichum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, describing the construction absolutely correctly) see the longitudinal section Tab. LXIV.
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<figureCitation box="[303,388,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,425,505,531]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="Fig. 38. Peristome teeth of Polytrichum commune with its cell base, magnification x 250." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[400,427,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">da</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[443,467,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">eb</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis box="[483,501,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">fc</emphasis>
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, the transverse section Tab. LXVI.
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<figureCitation box="[912,997,534,560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
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. Tab. LXV.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34, 35, 36</figureCitation>
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. Tab. LXVI.
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<figureCitation box="[397,481,571,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[386,425,535,561]" captionText="Fig. 39. Part of a transverse section of peristome teeth of a capsule of Polytrichum urnigerum, magnification x 500." pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[493,519,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">pp</emphasis>
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. Between the teeth, when the capsule is not yet deteriorated, appear considerably delicate, also somewhat bent, cells, see
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<figureCitation box="[835,1005,609,636]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 34, 35, 36</figureCitation>
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, ip.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="42.[166,1225,654,905]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Above the disc-like widening of the columella or between this structure and the loose parenchyma of the operculum extend, connecting the points of the peristome teeth, a layer of cells, that are relatively small, horizontally flattened, and their lower membrane is granular and roughly thickened. At the moment of the spore maturation, these cells form, when the operculum detaches, the epiphragm, by destruction of the thickened cell parts arranged immediately above and below it. The disc-like widening of the columella below shrinks and dries out, and the loose parenchyma above detaches with the operculum.*)</paragraph>
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<footnote pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<paragraph blockId="42.[189,1226,962,1190]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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*) In the paper of
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<taxonomicName box="[381,445,963,985]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Robert" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Robert</taxonomicName>
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Brown’s Abhandlung 1[sic, should be Volume 2, eds.]. 1. p. 715 is said the follow- ing: “most of the author’s would have found very small connecting pores in the tympanum of
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<emphasis box="[1111,1226,992,1013]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<taxonomicName box="[1111,1222,992,1013]" class="Bryopsida" family="Polytrichaceae" genus="Polytrichum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polytrichales" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Polytrichum</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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I never could discover the pores, but in some cases I noted a formation which perhaps induced the belief in their existence, namely a delicate network at the outer side of the membrane which visibly originally belonged to the cells of the inner surface of the operculum.” It is clear that here is meant the separating lines of the cells and the wart-like knobs on the lower wall of the cells forming the epiphragm (
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<figureCitation box="[1117,1184,1110,1132]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,426,423,449]" captionText="Fig. 32. Part of a longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum commune presenting the peristome and its nearest surrounding area, magnification x 250" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[234,261,1139,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="67.[386,425,280,306]" captionTargetId="figure-4@68.[113,1426,122,1986]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="Fig. 33.-37. Transverse sections of capsules of the same moss and the same magnifications" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">36</figureCitation>
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.
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<emphasis box="[270,289,1140,1161]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ep</emphasis>
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), which have been overlooked by the otherwise so perspicacious researcher. – In Bruch and Schimper in
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<emphasis box="[259,431,1168,1190]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Bryologia Europaea</emphasis>
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I could find nothing about this.
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</paragraph>
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</footnote>
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<paragraph blockId="42.[166,397,1254,1281]" box="[166,397,1254,1281]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,397,1254,1281]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">[original page 588]</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[166,1225,1315,1491]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
A partly granular thickening, shown by the cells constituting the epiphragm, is found also in the cells that delimit the peristome teeth on the outer and inner sides as well at those cells connecting the base of the peristome teeth with the annulus, see Tab. LXIV.
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1045,1129,1389,1415]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,426,423,449]" captionText="Fig. 32. Part of a longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum commune presenting the peristome and its nearest surrounding area, magnification x 250" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1167,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">xp</emphasis>
|
||
, and finally on some cells appearing between the upper part of the disc-like widening of the columella and the outer capsule membrane immediately below the peristome teeth,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1080,1163,1464,1490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,426,423,449]" captionText="Fig. 32. Part of a longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum commune presenting the peristome and its nearest surrounding area, magnification x 250" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1174,1198,1465,1490]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">yp</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[166,1225,1509,1722]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
When the spores are mature the membranes of the above described thickened cells decay into pieces, beginning at the annulus
|
||
<figureCitation box="[605,719,1546,1572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="65.[386,426,423,449]" captionText="Fig. 32. Part of a longitudinal section of a capsule of Polytrichum commune presenting the peristome and its nearest surrounding area, magnification x 250" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Fig. 32.
|
||
<emphasis box="[703,724,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis box="[703,719,1547,1572]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
at both sides of the peristome teeth p, and then below and above of the epiphragm
|
||
<emphasis box="[660,692,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">ep.</emphasis>
|
||
The complete upper part of the operculum detaches whilst the columella shrinks and the delicate tissue between the peristome teeth disappears, giving the spores that pour out of the destroyed spore sac a way out of the closed inner space of the capsule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |