279 lines
33 KiB
XML
279 lines
33 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B5848017B9487496677E43A434D0EA26">Fossils reveal a high diversity of the staghorn coral genera Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Neogene of Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="44B059C81F35A7FAD8E6208871064E72">Wallace, Carden C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="67C9E4659BEDFC4D08BEE4ECA83760C3">Johnson, Kenneth G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="AE466FD57ADD9E93C6B7363E0CA46E92">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3A1EFE5478AB0502542655629C6B3C14">2015</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFD1F627FC6BF9BA797EF9C5" box="[907,1320,1642,1663]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD1F627FC6BF9BA797EF9C5" blockId="62.[907,1320,1642,1663]" box="[907,1320,1642,1663]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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<heading id="D0F52715FFD1F627FC6BF9BA797EF9C5" box="[907,1320,1642,1663]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" reason="8">
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<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFD1F627FC6BF9BA797EF9C5" ID-CoL="9NZL" authority="VERON, 2000" authorityName="VERON" authorityYear="2000" box="[907,1320,1642,1663]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD1F627FC6BF9BA78DCF9C7" box="[907,1162,1642,1663]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">ACROPORA FILIFORMIS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFD1F627FB72F9BA797EF9C5" author="Veron JEN" box="[1170,1320,1642,1663]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" refId="ref53488" refString="Veron JEN. 2000. Corals of the world. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2000">VERON, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFD1F627FBFDF94078C0F91F" box="[1053,1174,1680,1701]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD1F627FBFDF94078C0F91F" blockId="62.[1053,1174,1680,1701]" box="[1053,1174,1680,1701]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFD1F627FBFDF94078C0F91F" box="[1053,1174,1680,1701]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="63.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[181,1424,197,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-3@63.[663,1013,678,1052]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 32. Acropora filiformis NHMUK PI AZ 7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339630/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">FIGURE 32</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFD1F627FCC6F9677950F951" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD1F627FCC6F9677950F951" blockId="62.[806,1420,1719,1771]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB12B757FFD1F627FCC6F9677950F951" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFD1F627FCC6F96778CBF976" ID-CoL="9NZL" authority="Veron, 2000" authorityName="VERON" authorityYear="2000" box="[806,1181,1719,1740]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD1F627FCC6F9677855F976" box="[806,1027,1719,1740]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">Acropora filiformis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFD1F627FBEEF96778CBF976" author="Veron JEN" box="[1038,1181,1719,1740]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" refId="ref53488" refString="Veron JEN. 2000. Corals of the world. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, (1): 418; 2002: 66– 68, figs 132–135.
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA3B668FFD1F627FC11F9057957F951" author="Wallace CC & Done BJ & Muir PR" box="[1009,1281,1749,1771]" page="68" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFD1F627FC11F9057957F951" author="Wallace CC & Done BJ & Muir PR" box="[1009,1281,1749,1771]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref54139" refString="Wallace CC, Done BJ, Muir PR. 2012. Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 57: 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="2012">
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Wallace
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD1F627FBB3F90678D2F950" box="[1107,1156,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">et al</emphasis>
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., 2012: 68
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C318C3F2FFD1F659FCC6F8CC7917FD14" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="741" pageId="62" pageNumber="739" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD1F627FCC6F8CC7FC0F88B" blockId="62.[806,1421,1820,1903]" box="[806,918,1820,1841]" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD1F627FCC6F8CC7FC0F88B" box="[806,918,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD1F659FCC6F8EA7EA1FF41" blockId="62.[806,1421,1820,1903]" lastBlockId="64.[144,759,198,251]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="741" pageId="62" pageNumber="739">
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Colonies upright or prostrate; long, slender, straight branches. Radial corallites, tubular to appressed tubular, sparsely distributed. Coenosteum composed of dense reticulate elaborated spinules throughout (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FD86FF357EBDFF41" author="Veron JEN" box="[614,747,229,251]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" refId="ref53506" refString="Veron JEN. 2002. New species described in Corals of the World. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2002">Veron, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF7DC0F1FFD0F626FF44F91878D7F8EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5339630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339630/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="740" startId="63.[164,243,1736,1755]" targetBox="[181,1424,197,1706]" targetPageId="63">
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFD0F626FF44F91878D7F8EA" blockId="63.[164,1442,1736,1873]" pageId="63" pageNumber="740">
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||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD0F626FF44F9187D4FF961" bold="true" box="[164,281,1736,1755]" pageId="63" pageNumber="740">Figure 32.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFD0F626FEC4F9197ECEF961" authority="NHMUK PI AZ" authorityName="NHMUK PI AZ" box="[292,664,1736,1756]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="63" pageNumber="740" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFD0F626FEC4F9197DBCF961" box="[292,490,1736,1756]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="740">Acropora filiformis</emphasis>
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NHMUK PI AZ
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</taxonomicName>
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7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FEF27D18FE8D" blockId="64.[144,759,290,434]" box="[144,334,290,311]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
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||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70FEF27D18FE8D" box="[144,334,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Material studied</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FE917DCFFECF" blockId="64.[144,759,290,434]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
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<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFAFF659FF70FE917D0CFEEC" box="[144,346,320,342]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Timur" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">East Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
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: NHMUK PI AZ 7441, 4 fragments from the same branch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF48FEAD7EA1FE08" blockId="64.[144,759,290,434]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF48FEAD7DB2FE28" box="[168,484,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Modern comparative material</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFAFF659FE12FEAE7EA5FE08" accessionNumber="G60255" country="Philippines" elevation="12" location="Calamian Islands" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Palawan">
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Topotype, MTQ G60255,
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<location id="8EDDC6A2FFAFF659FF70FE4C7D0BFE08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFD1F659FC6BF9BA7917FD14:8EDDC6A2FFAFF659FF70FE4C7D0BFE08" box="[144,349,412,434]" country="Philippines" name="Calamian Islands" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" stateProvince="Palawan">Calamian Islands</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C65E9BFFAFF659FE8AFE4C7D86FE08" box="[362,464,412,434]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Palawan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFAFF659FE3DFE4C7E37FE08" box="[477,609,412,434]" name="Philippines" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<elevation id="002F774AFFAFF659FD8EFE4C7EA5FE08" box="[622,755,412,434]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="m" value="12.0">
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<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FD8EFE4C7EF0FE0B" box="[622,678,412,433]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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depth
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||
</elevation>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FE097DC1FE54" blockId="64.[144,759,473,1383]" box="[144,407,473,494]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
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||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70FE097DC1FE54" box="[144,407,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Skeletal characteristics</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FE287D22FC9B" blockId="64.[144,759,473,1383]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FF70FE287CABFDB7" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" box="[144,253,504,525]" genus="Corallum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70FE287CABFDB7" box="[144,253,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Corallum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Long, sparse, straight branches were observed
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<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF3CFDC77D77FD96" box="[220,289,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">in situ</emphasis>
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embedded into a clay-rich sediment matrix (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFAFF659FF78FDE57CAAFDF1" box="[152,252,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="63.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[181,1424,197,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-3@63.[663,1013,678,1052]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 32. Acropora filiformis NHMUK PI AZ 7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339630/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Fig. 32A</figureCitation>
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), branch length measured from field images 49.53–89.51–
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<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FEC5FD837DF2FDD3" box="[293,420,595,617]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2026" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="120.26">120.26 mm</quantity>
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, basal branch diameter 5.90– 6.84–
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<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FF33FDA27D17FD32" box="[211,321,626,648]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.44" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="7.44">7.44 mm</quantity>
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, mid branch diameter 3.84–4.97–
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<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FF70FD417CA2FD1C" box="[144,244,657,679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.02" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="6.02">6.02 mm</quantity>
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, no branch tips recovered; primary branches mostly broken, angle 65.63–67.02–68.09°;
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<specimenCount id="9D045BF0FFAFF659FD9DFD7F7C9AFD59" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
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in the collection are fragments the same branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFAFF659FF77FD3D7CB4FCB9" box="[151,226,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="63.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[181,1424,197,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-3@63.[663,1013,678,1052]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 32. Acropora filiformis NHMUK PI AZ 7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339630/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
|
||
B-C): length 9.94–13.60–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FE12FD3C7E08FCB8" box="[498,606,748,770]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.955" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="19.55">19.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
; growth probably indeterminate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF48FCFA7E00FB51" blockId="64.[144,759,473,1383]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF48FCFA7D48FC85" box="[168,286,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Corallites.</emphasis>
|
||
Axial corallite only visible in transverse section, outer diameter 1.32–1.37–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FDC0FC997ED2FCE4" box="[544,644,841,862]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="1.42">1.42 mm</quantity>
|
||
, inner diameter 0.79–0.83–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FE82FCB77D90FCC6" box="[354,454,871,892]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="0.88">0.88 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wall thickness 0.22–0.28–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FF70FC567CADFC21" box="[144,251,902,923]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
, primary septa up to three-quarters R, secondary septa up to one-quarter R or visible as points; radial corallites evenly sized, sparsely distributed, not touching, mostly appressed tubular, some subimmersed, small round calices, profile length 2.19–2.40–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FD6FFBD07EA4FBAF" box="[655,754,1024,1046]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.69" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="2.69">2.69 mm</quantity>
|
||
, exert in acute angle 17.23–22.11–33.50°, outer diameter 1.12–1.26–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FEA7FBED7DFBFBE9" box="[327,429,1085,1107]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="1.54">1.54 mm</quantity>
|
||
, inner diameter 0.82–0.97–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FF70FB8C7CA2FBCB" box="[144,244,1116,1138]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="1.15">1.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, wall thickness 0.21–0.29–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FDC7FB8C7EDAFBCB" box="[551,652,1116,1137]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="0.34">0.34 mm</quantity>
|
||
, distance between centres 3.39–5.20–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FE39FBAA7E69FB2A" box="[473,575,1146,1168]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.95" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="5.95">5.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
, primary septa present up to three-quarters R, secondary septa up to one-quarter R or visible as points, S1>S2. Corallite arrangement sequence 1–?–2–2– up to 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF48FB257CB5FADD" blockId="64.[144,759,473,1383]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF48FB257D6CFAB0" box="[168,314,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Coenosteum.</emphasis>
|
||
Reticulate, elaborate spinules sometimes laterally flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13398CFCFFAFF659FE4DFAC37E46FA93" box="[429,528,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="63.[164,243,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[181,1424,197,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-3@63.[663,1013,678,1052]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Figure 32. Acropora filiformis NHMUK PI AZ 7441, TF500, Bontang, East Kalimantan, Late Miocene (9.4–9.8 Ma). A, long branches of a colony in the field preserved in a clay-rich sediment matrix. B, detail of upright slender branch. C, AZ 7441a–d, four fragments of the colony, showing sparse distribution of radial corallites. D, AZ 7441a, transverse section of branch showing axial corallite. E–G, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of appressed tubular corallites. H, AZ 7441a, electron micrograph of coenosteum between corallites formed of reticulated elaborated spinules." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5339630" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5339630/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Fig. 32H</figureCitation>
|
||
), coenostum amount 2.76–3.34–4.00 mm longitudinal, 3.72–4.75–
|
||
<quantity id="4CFA3D9CFFAFF659FD74FAE27EA1FAFD" box="[660,759,1330,1352]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.13" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" unit="mm" value="6.13">6.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FA5E7D58FA19" blockId="64.[144,759,1422,1597]" box="[144,270,1422,1443]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70FA5E7D58FA19" box="[144,270,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70FA7D7EA4F987" blockId="64.[144,759,1422,1597]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6A9A24FFAFF659FF70FA7D7EB8F987" collectionCode="TF" country="Philippines" location="Calamian Islands" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" specimenCode="TF500" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Late Miocene to Recent. These fossil specimens are from the outcrop
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBA43802FFAFF659FEC1FA1B7D38FA5B" box="[289,366,1483,1505]" collectionCode="TF" country="Thailand" name="Department of Mineral Resources" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">TF500</specimenCode>
|
||
, Bontang, of Tortonian age (9.4– 9.8 Ma), and are the earliest record of the species. On modern reefs,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FED2F9D87DEEF9A7" box="[306,440,1544,1565]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FED2F9D87DEEF9A7" box="[306,440,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B92EDBFFAFF659FD26F9D97EA1F9A4" box="[710,759,1545,1566]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, the
|
||
<location id="8EDDC6A2FFAFF659FEFFF9F77DB8F987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB216FFFD1F659FC6BF9BA7917FD14:8EDDC6A2FFAFF659FEFFF9F77DB8F987" box="[287,494,1575,1597]" country="Philippines" name="Calamian Islands" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Calamian Islands</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F315D0E9FFAFF659FE1CF9F77E2BF987" box="[508,637,1575,1597]" name="Philippines" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C680A5C2FFAFF659FD6FF9F77EB3F987" box="[655,741,1575,1597]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="17.[116,180,384,405]" captionText="Table 4. Present distribution of Acropora and Isopora species in Indonesia and surrounding seas (Malaysia and Philippines) in comparison with the fossil records of this study" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70F9B47D3CF9C3" blockId="64.[144,759,1636,1903]" box="[144,362,1636,1657]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70F9B47D3CF9C3" box="[144,362,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Palaeoenvironment</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FF70F9537831FEEC" blockId="64.[144,759,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="64.[806,1421,198,342]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
Stratigraphic correlations have placed the outcrop TF500 at the base of the Bontang Gardens sequence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FD7BF9717D42F96C" author="Renema W & Warter V & Novak V & Young JR & Marshall N & Hasibuan F" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" pagination="26 - 39" refId="ref52535" refString="Renema W, Warter V, Novak V, Young JR, Marshall N, Hasibuan F. 2015. Ages of Miocene fossil localities in the northern Kutai Basin (East Kalimantan, Indonesia). Palaios 30: 26 - 39. doi: 10.2110 / palo. 2013.127." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Renema
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70F9107C96F96F" box="[144,192,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The long branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FDCEF9107EE3F96F" box="[558,693,1728,1749]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FDCEF9107EE3F96F" box="[558,693,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found embedded into yellowish clay-rich sediments, and the branches were easily broken during sampling resulting in small fragmented specimens. This species occurred together with branching corals of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FF70F8897D5FF8D4" box="[144,265,1881,1902]" class="Anthozoa" family="Poritidae" genus="Dictyaraea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FF70F8897D5FF8D4" box="[144,265,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Dictyaraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FEA2F8897D92F8D4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[322,452,1881,1902]" class="Anthozoa" family="Pocilloporidae" genus="Seriatopora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FEA2F8897D92F8D4" box="[322,452,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Seriatopora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it overlays a bed with abundant platy corals and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FBB1FF16795AFF61" authorityName="WALLACE" authorityYear="1994" box="[1105,1292,198,219]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="russelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FBB1FF16795AFF61" box="[1105,1292,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Acropora russelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In modern settings
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FC66FF35785CFF43" box="[902,1034,228,250]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FC66FF35785CFF43" box="[902,1034,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been observed in shallow reef environments protected from wave action, as isolated colonies or forming large stands extending across several metres (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FC66FE907844FEEF" author="Veron JEN" box="[902,1042,320,341]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" refId="ref53488" refString="Veron JEN. 2000. Corals of the world. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2000">Veron, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FBC1FE90780AFEEC" author="Veron JEN" box="[1057,1116,320,342]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" refId="ref53506" refString="Veron JEN. 2002. New species described in Corals of the World. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FCC6FE567FDDFE21" blockId="64.[806,1422,390,687]" box="[806,907,390,411]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FCC6FE567FDDFE21" box="[806,907,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBD9079FFAFF659FCC6FE747917FD14" blockId="64.[806,1422,390,687]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">
|
||
The nomenclatural status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FB96FE7478ABFE03" box="[1142,1277,420,441]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FB96FE7478ABFE03" box="[1142,1277,420,441]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an available species was confirmed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FB9CFE137908FE63" author="Wallace CC & Done BJ & Muir PR" box="[1148,1374,451,473]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" pagination="1 - 255" refId="ref54139" refString="Wallace CC, Done BJ, Muir PR. 2012. Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 57: 1 - 255." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Wallace
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FB39FE13795FFE62" box="[1241,1289,451,472]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, following the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FC44FE317864FE4D" author="ICZN & International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" box="[932,1074,481,503]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" pagination="162 - 166" refId="ref50934" refString="ICZN, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 2011. Coral taxon names published in ' Corals of the world' by J. E. N. Veron (2000): potential availability confirmed under Article 86.1. 2. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 68: 162 - 166." type="journal article" year="2011">ICZN (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Comparisons with the figured topotype MTQ G60255 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF93ED88FFAFF659FBA0FDD0789AFDAC" author="Veron JEN" box="[1088,1228,512,534]" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" refId="ref53506" refString="Veron JEN. 2002. New species described in Corals of the World. Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science." type="book" year="2002">Veron, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) allowed the interpretation of the fossil material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FB2DFDCF7905FD8E" box="[1229,1363,543,564]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FB2DFDCF7905FD8E" box="[1229,1363,543,564]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The long, slender, straw-like branches, and sparse, small, appressed tubular corallites are distinctive characteristics of this species. It is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FB2CFDAB79D0FD35" box="[1228,1414,634,656]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="derawanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FB2CFDAB79D0FD35" box="[1228,1414,634,656]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. derawanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but costae are more developed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C02EBFAFFAFF659FB53FD49796CFD14" box="[1203,1338,665,686]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acroporidae" genus="Acropora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="64" pageNumber="741" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="filiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9764C6BFFAFF659FB53FD49796CFD14" box="[1203,1338,665,686]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="741">A. filiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |