714 lines
100 KiB
XML
714 lines
100 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E64B983ACEF270736373A2166394AF64">New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EC483577E243BE6E9AC563E54CBE3B1C">Klinth, Mårten J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9DA4C5BBCBBE923C35BCC0AFCD60F037">Rota, Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C55BE6C22DC574BBDF4C7C75504D349B">Martinsson, Svante</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58A8CA4FFDD3A085F6441B6F0A3B02F6">Prantoni, Alessandro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8C7B1D08116B81DD92E3D49ED70998F">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9DB93EF0F9F8D912CB331D5D5E79560B">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B6092AA6853BE736EC4650D1976919E2">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7A06193586B98C31F1FBB7EC29D93E37">2021-09-24</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039DC377FFA0FFC74C30FD28FDF5593D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461127" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194598603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6461127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039DC377FFA0FFC74C30FD28FDF5593D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039DC377FFA0FFC74C30FD28FDF5593D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1122" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA0FFC44C30FD28FD855D83" box="[273,632,645,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC44C30FD28FD855D83" blockId="16.[273,632,645,670]" box="[273,632,645,670]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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<heading id="D0C3C50DFFA0FFC44C30FD28FD855D83" box="[273,632,645,670]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44C30FD28FD855D83" ID-CoL="84PZV" authority="MICHAELSEN, 1890" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[273,632,645,670]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44C30FD28FE6B5D81" box="[273,406,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">MARIONINA</emphasis>
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MICHAELSEN, 1890
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC44DB0FD63FF325C1C" blockId="16.[145,762,717,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44DB0FD63FED35DFE" box="[145,302,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA0FFC44DB0FD63FF345DFE" box="[145,201,718,739]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44C1DFD60FF355C1C" authority="Michaelsen, 1888" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1888" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Pachydrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgianus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44C1DFD60FDA05DFE" box="[316,605,717,739]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Pachydrilus georgianus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44F46FD60FF355C1C" author="Michaelsen W" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="53 - 73" refId="ref24401" refString="Michaelsen W. 1888. Die Oligochaeten von Sud-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station von 1882 - 1883. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1888">Michaelsen, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC44D88FCA6FD735BD0" blockId="16.[145,762,717,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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In addition to the
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44C95FCA6FD9C5C3D" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[436,609,778,800]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44C95FCA6FD9C5C3D" box="[436,609,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens described above, we received six other enchytraeid specimens from the recent southern expeditions. Two of them were small, semi-mature and unpigmented individuals from Snow Island, and four were large, mature worms with dark pigmentation from
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<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA0FFC44F93FC09FF125CC5" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
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. Although the
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<specimenCount id="9D32B9E8FFA0FFC44CBAFC6FFDC15CC5" box="[411,572,962,984]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
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differed greatly in appearance, the molecular data strongly supported them as a monophyletic group of three species. The two unpigmented specimens belonged to the same, but yet unidentified, species, whereas the four pigmented specimens (constituting two additional species) were all highly reminiscent of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44C99FBD6FDBC5B8D" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[440,577,1147,1168]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44C99FBD6FDBC5B8D" box="[440,577,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. aestuum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a taxon placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44D8EFB34FEB95BB3" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[175,324,1177,1198]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44D8EFB34FEB95BB3" box="[175,324,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44C4FFB34FD385BB2" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" box="[366,709,1177,1199]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
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, but here regarded as a member of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44CCAFB15FD995BD0" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[491,612,1208,1229]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44CCAFB15FD995BD0" box="[491,612,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Marionina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA0FFC44F4AFB15FD735BD0" box="[619,654,1208,1229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" sensu="stricto">
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44F4AFB15FD7A5BD0" box="[619,647,1208,1229]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">s.s</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC44D88FB7AFB205E2B" blockId="16.[145,762,717,1904]" lastBlockId="16.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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As mentioned in the Introduction,
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44F6EFB7AFD045BF6" box="[591,761,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44F6EFB7AFD335BF1" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[591,718,1239,1260]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Marionina</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA0FFC44FF6FB7BFD045BF6" box="[727,761,1238,1259]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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has grown to become a large genus, with a wide definition allowing for the inclusion of many unrelated taxa. A formal revision of this genus is beyond the scope of our study, but we aim here to provide enough information to allow for such a revision in the near future. The definition of
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<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44F01FA22FD355AB9" box="[544,712,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44F01FA22FD605AB9" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[544,669,1423,1444]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Marionina</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA0FFC44F87FA22FD355AB9" box="[678,712,1423,1444]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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can only originate from the
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<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA0FFC44C97FA00FE175ADF" box="[438,490,1453,1474]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">type</typeStatus>
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||
species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44F72FA03FD0F5ADE" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[595,754,1454,1475]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44F72FA03FD0F5ADE" box="[595,754,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, which fortunately has been given two extensive redescriptions (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44C66FA46FDFA5AE2" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[327,519,1514,1536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Rota
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44CA7FA46FE3D5AE2" box="[390,448,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44F34FA47FF375903" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44DC2F9A7FE1F5902" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[227,482,1546,1567]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44DC2F9A7FE1F5902" box="[227,482,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Marionina georgiana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
is marine and has the following characters: epidermis densely glandular; sigmoid chaetae, with upper bundles dorsolateral (closer to lateral line than the ventral bundles); ventral nerve cord with continuous, scattered occurrence of perikarya (and not concentrated in separate ganglia like that of Achaetinae;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44C88F96CFD9A59CB" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[425,615,1729,1751]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Rota
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44CC9F96FFDDF59CB" box="[488,546,1729,1751]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); brain with posterior incision; three pairs of pharyngeal glands; gradual transition between oesophagus and intestine; oesophageal appendages absent; dorsal vessel arising in XIII and bifurcating anteriorly at front of peristomium (= lumbricilline pattern); nephridia with anteseptale consisting of funnel only and nucleated coelomocytes. Unfortunately, all these somatic characters also fit most species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44994FEAFFAB65E0A" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1205,1355,258,279]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44994FEAFFAB65E0A" box="[1205,1355,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC4487AFEAEFC585E2B" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44E08FE8FFC9C5E2B" box="[809,865,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44E93FE8CFB335E2B" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" box="[946,1230,289,311]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC44E60FEEDFC925B2B" blockId="16.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
|
||
However, the reproductive organs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC449D7FEEDFA6C5E48" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1270,1425,320,341]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC449D7FEEDFA6C5E48" box="[1270,1425,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not very similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44994FEF3FAAE5E6E" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1205,1363,350,371]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44994FEF3FAAE5E6E" box="[1205,1363,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The sperm funnels and vasa deferentia are smaller than in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44EADFE31FB7A5EAF" box="[908,1159,412,434]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44EADFE31FBDA5EAC" box="[908,1063,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although the general shape is the same. Most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44977FE17FAAD5ECD" box="[1110,1360,442,464]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44977FE17FB0F5ED2" box="[1110,1266,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have testes divided into multiple lobes, each surrounded by a peritoneal sheath, and the maturing male cells are thus enclosed (with the exception of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44823FDBAFA6C5D31" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1282,1425,535,556]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="arenarius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44823FDBAFA6C5D31" box="[1282,1425,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">L. arenarius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) in a fan-like cluster of testis sacs. The male gonads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44EBEFDF9FBC55D74" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[927,1080,596,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44EBEFDF9FBC55D74" box="[927,1080,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not divided into multiple lobes, but our re-examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA0FFC449CAFDDEFAE25D95" box="[1259,1311,627,648]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material has revealed a peritoneal sheath surrounding these organs, except on their distal frayed edge, from which free-floating maturing sperm cysts are released. As the mass of male cells grows and bulges into adjoining segments it becomes enveloped in a seminal vesicle. The spermatheca of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44909FC86FB345C5D" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1064,1225,811,832]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44909FC86FB345C5D" box="[1064,1225,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is simple, more or less a straight tube from the ectal pore to the oesophagus, with which it is connected. The tube is slightly wider at the ampulla, making it somewhat club shaped. The ectal pore is not surrounded by a rosette of glands, commonly found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC449EAFC6EFAA25CC5" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1227,1375,963,984]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC449EAFC6EFAA25CC5" box="[1227,1375,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but instead associated with two pairs of separate glands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44E10FBACFC175B0B" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[817,1002,1025,1046]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44E4FFBACFC5B5B0B" box="[878,934,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6C, D;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC4494FFBACFA765B0B" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" box="[1134,1419,1025,1047]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA0FFC54E60FB93FBF85ECD" blockId="16.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="17.[827,1444,197,1905]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1120" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
|
||
A most striking feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44954FB92FAF15B49" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1141,1292,1087,1108]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44954FB92FAF15B49" box="[1141,1292,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and which might be a potential apomorphy of the genus, is the penial body, a rudimental glandular cushion centrally pierced by the vas deferens and lacking a bursa, that is, an epidermal invagination, such that the pore is on the surface. The male opening is accompanied anteriorly and posteriorly by two large pedunculate glands whose stalks join the body wall close to the male pore. These accessory glands [by us referred to as prostate glands, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44ED3FAFFFB3A5A75" author="Stephenson J" box="[1010,1223,1362,1384]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] were overlooked by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44E6FFADCFBDE5A9A" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[846,1059,1393,1415]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44EB1FADCFC305A9B" box="[912,973,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC4482FFADCFC205ABB" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. An architecture of the copulatory organ such as that just mentioned has never been reported among terrestrial enchytraeids assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44E08FA41FC59591C" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[809,932,1516,1537]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44E08FA41FC59591C" box="[809,932,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Marionina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
before. The ‘extra glandular bulb’ occurring submedially in front of the paired penial bulbs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44E08F984FA8B5922" authority="Nielsen & Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1959" box="[809,1398,1577,1599]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vesiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44E08F984FBDD5923" box="[809,1056,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Marionina vesiculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44909F984FA8B5922" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" box="[1064,1398,1577,1599]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not connected to the male pores. Instead, a number of marine enchytraeids from the Southern Hemisphere, some of which were placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC4495AF928FAEC5987" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1147,1297,1669,1690]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC4495AF928FAEC5987" box="[1147,1297,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44818F928FBCF59A4" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but which we now transfer back into
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC44E89F96EFBA159C5" box="[936,1116,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC44E89F96EFBD159C5" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[936,1068,1731,1752]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Marionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA0FFC44916F96EFBA159C5" box="[1079,1116,1731,1752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, have the simple penial body, devoid of bursa and accompanied by prostate glands described for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC4493DF8ADFB495808" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1052,1204,1792,1813]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC4493DF8ADFB495808" box="[1052,1204,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA0FFC449E3F8ADFBEF5829" authority="Michaelsen, 1905 a" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1905" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA0FFC449E3F8ADFA6C5809" box="[1218,1425,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119">Marionina werthi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA0FFC44E08F8B3FBEF5829" author="Michaelsen W" box="[809,1042,1822,1844]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1119" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref24499" refString="Michaelsen W. 1905 a. Die Oligochaeten der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 nebst Erorterung der Hypothese uber einen fruheren groβ en die Sudspitzen der Kontinente verbindenden antarktischen Kontinent. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition IX, Zoologie 1: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1905">Michaelsen, 1905a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Kerguelen Island (‘vasa deferentia open out through a tiny, onion-shaped bulb that is completely hidden in the body wall. On this bulb, which sometimes protrudes somewhat as a tiny outer papilla, sits a weakly lobed prostate protruding into the body cavity’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54CEEFEAFFD075E05" author="Michaelsen W" box="[463,762,258,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref24499" refString="Michaelsen W. 1905 a. Die Oligochaeten der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 nebst Erorterung der Hypothese uber einen fruheren groβ en die Sudspitzen der Kontinente verbindenden antarktischen Kontinent. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition IX, Zoologie 1: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1905">Michaelsen, 1905a: 15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54D82FE8FFDAF5E2A" authority="Benham, 1905" authorityName="No Benham" authorityYear="1905" box="[163,594,289,311]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antipodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54D82FE8FFE595E2B" box="[163,420,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina antipodum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54C8DFE8CFDAF5E2A" author="Benham WB" box="[428,594,289,311]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref23131" refString="Benham WB. 1905. On the Oligochaeta from the southern islands of the New Zealand region. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 37: 285 - 297." type="journal article" year="1905">Benham, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Antipodes Island [‘the penial apparatus (Plate XIV, fig. 9) is comparatively small and it scarcely exceeds the thickness of the longitudinal muscles of the body wall. However, opening into it is a conspicuous prostate gland’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54C23FE17FE085ECD" author="Benham WB" box="[258,501,442,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref23131" refString="Benham WB. 1905. On the Oligochaeta from the southern islands of the New Zealand region. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 37: 285 - 297." type="journal article" year="1905">Benham 1905: 294</bibRefCitation>
|
||
],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54F2FFE16FE8C5EF3" authority="Stephenson, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54F2FFE16FCF65ED2" box="[526,779,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina benhami</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54D82FE74FE8C5EF3" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,369,473,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54CB8FE77FCFF5EF3" authority="sensu Benham, 1922" authorityName="sensu Benham" authorityYear="1922" box="[409,770,473,495]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54CB8FE77FDAC5EF2" box="[409,593,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. werthi sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54F7BFE74FCFF5EF3" author="Benham WB" box="[602,770,473,495]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref23217" refString="Benham WB. 1922. Oligochaeta of Macquarie Island. Australasian Antarctic expedition 1911 - 14. Scientific Reports C 6: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1922">Benham, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA1FFC54DC1FE55FE565D13" box="[224,427,504,526]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Macquarie Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(‘there is, so far as I can make out from my sections, no “bulb” in the sense in which the term is used in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54CA4FD98FDE65D57" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[389,539,565,586]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54CA4FD98FDE65D57" box="[389,539,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, &c. The sperm duct passes nearly vertically into the body wall, between groups of gland cells constituting the prostate gland; it rims down on the mesial side of one of these groups, to perforate the body wall simply; there is neither glandular investment nor muscular covering. The prostate glands, some in front of, and others behind the sperm pore, rise up inside the body-wall to the level of the intestine and are separated from the body cavity by a sheet of obliquely vertical muscles fibres; a few fibres also pass between the groups of gland cells. The glands open through the body-wall independently of the duct’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54C13FC08FDD05CA6" author="Benham WB" box="[306,557,933,955]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref23217" refString="Benham WB. 1922. Oligochaeta of Macquarie Island. Australasian Antarctic expedition 1911 - 14. Scientific Reports C 6: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1922">Benham, 1922: 13–14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54F63FC0BFE8C5CC4" authority="Stephenson, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54F63FC0BFCF65CA6" box="[578,779,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina grisea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54D82FC69FE8C5CC4" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,369,964,986]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Antarctic Peninsula (‘the vas deferens … forms a loose coil, which pierces through a rudimentary penial body to end on a rather indefinite male papilla. […] The penial body … is pierced by the end of the vas deferens and also by the stalks of two large glands, the “prostates”’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54D82FBD1FE1F5B8C" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,482,1147,1170]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932: 244–245</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54F05FBD1FE7E5BB2" authority="Stephenson, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54F05FBD1FCF65B8C" box="[548,779,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54D82FB37FE7E5BB2" author="Stephenson J" box="[163,387,1178,1200]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA1FFC54CF5FB37FD765BAD" box="[468,651,1178,1200]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(‘The vas deferens reaches the surface through a cleft in the muscular mass which represents the penial body, then runs between the stalks of the two “prostates” …, and finally penetrates the junction of the two stalks and the mass of cells which mingles with them where they abut on the surface. The “prostate” glands, in segment xii, are large, and lie, one anterior and the other posterior in position’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54CBAFA3DFD2A5ABB" author="Stephenson J" box="[411,727,1424,1446]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932: 247–248</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We also consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54C65FA02FCF65AD9" authority="(Stephenson, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[324,779,1454,1476]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54C65FA02FDDC5ADE" box="[324,545,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina colpites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54F13FA03FCFF5ADE" author="Stephenson J" box="[562,770,1454,1476]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32332F1FFA1FFC54DC4FA60FE6B5AFE" box="[229,406,1485,1507]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to be part of this group (‘The penial body is of the enchytraeine rather than of the lumbricilline
|
||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA1FFC54C69F9A6FE83593D" box="[328,382,1547,1568]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. It consists of a number of pearshaped masses of gland cells, about eight such masses being visible in a single longitudinal section, and the total number on each side being perhaps in the neighbourhood of two dozen. These gland masses are closely compacted together, but separated from each other by, and each individually pear-shaped mass more or less enveloped in, muscular strands; there is no common capsule binding the whole together, and the upper (dorsal) ends of the masses are without covering. The glands are composed of cells derived from the surface epithelium, and discharge on the surface around the small aperture of the vas deferens, which comes to the surface after passing between the glandular masses’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54934FEAFFAEA5E05" author="Stephenson J" box="[1045,1303,258,280]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932: 262</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54809FEAEFC425E2B" authorityName="No Benham" authorityYear="1905" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antipodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54809FEAEFC425E2B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina antipodum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54EDEFE8FFB7F5E2B" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1023,1154,289,311]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54EDEFE8FFB7F5E2B" box="[1023,1154,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. colpites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were already placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54E1AFEEDFC445E48" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[827,953,320,341]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54E1AFEEDFC445E48" box="[827,953,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54EC4FE92FABB5E48" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" box="[997,1350,319,341]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but all the species mentioned except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54990FEF2FAA35E6E" authorityName="No Benham" authorityYear="1905" box="[1201,1374,350,372]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antipodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54990FEF2FAA35E6E" box="[1201,1374,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. antipodum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were erroneously treated as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC5496FFED0FB1A5E8F" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1102,1255,381,402]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC5496FFED0FB1A5E8F" box="[1102,1255,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54832FED0FC685EAC" author="Klinth MJ & Rota E & Erseus C" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="15 - 96" refId="ref24089" refString="Klinth MJ, Rota E, Erseus C. 2017 b. Taxonomy of north European Lumbricillus (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae). ZooKeys 2017: 15 - 96." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Klinth
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54849FED0FA5E5E8F" box="[1384,1443,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and all but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54914FE31FB4A5EAD" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[1077,1207,411,433]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54914FE31FB4A5EAD" box="[1077,1207,411,433]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. colpites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were placed in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54E1AFE16FC495ED2" authorityName="' sensu Backlund" authorityYear="1947" box="[827,948,442,464]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Pachydrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54E1AFE16FC495ED2" box="[827,948,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">L. lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA1FFC54E72FE74FB865A11" blockId="17.[827,1444,197,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">
|
||
All these species have high numbers of sigmoid chaetae per bundle, prostate glands (one, two or more) associated with the male pore, and spindle- or tube-shaped spermathecae lacking rosettes of glands around the ectal pore (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFA1FFC54916FDFEFB745D74" box="[1079,1161,595,617]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="18.[144,208,482,504]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters for species that we consider as part of Marionina s.s." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), and many of them have been discussed as similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC549A2FDDEFC265DBB" authority="(Schmelz & Collado, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Schmelz & Collado" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC549A2FDDEFAE55D95" box="[1155,1304,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54809FDDFFC2F5DBB" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. If one were to focus on only the condition of the male apparatus, one might ask whether the intertidal marine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54926FD62FBF75C1E" authority="Nielsen & Christensen, 1959" authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1959" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54926FD62FAD75DFE" box="[1031,1322,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Marionina appendiculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54810FD63FBF75C1E" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the Northern Hemisphere is also part of this group (‘the penial bulb consists of one or two separate compact structures attached to the body wall immediately in front of and behind the male pore; if only one is present it is the posterior one’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54868FCCAFB985C86" author="Nielsen CO & Christensen B" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref24721" refString="Nielsen CO, Christensen B. 1959. The Enchytraeidae: critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Natura Jutlandica 8 - 9: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1959">Nielsen & Christensen, 1959: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 174; see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54819FC2BFC0B5CA6" author="Coates KA & Ellis DV" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="2129 - 2150" refId="ref23420" refString="Coates KA, Ellis DV. 1981. Taxonomy and distribution of marine Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59: 2129 - 2150." type="journal article" year="1981">Coates & Ellis, 1981: 2137</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but in the absence of genetic data we are more inclined to consider it a result of convergent evolution, because this species has a marionine branching of the dorsal vessel and a different morphology of the spermathecae. Prostate-like glands associated with the male pore are also described for the marine genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54928FBF0FA605B6E" authority="Coates & Erseus, 1985" authorityName="Coates & Erseus" authorityYear="1985" box="[1033,1437,1117,1139]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Randidrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54928FBF0FB695B6F" box="[1033,1172,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Randidrilus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC549BDFBF0FA605B6E" author="Coates KA & Erseus C" box="[1180,1437,1117,1139]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="103 - 116" refId="ref23451" refString="Coates KA, Erseus C. 1985. Marine enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) of the coastal northwest Atlantic (northern and mid USA). Zoologica Scripta 14: 103 - 116." type="journal article" year="1985">Coates & Erséus, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, known from the north-western Atlantic, and for the terrestrial/freshwater Holarctic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC549CEFB37FC435BD3" authority="Eisen, 1878" authorityName="Eisen" authorityYear="1878" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Mesenchytraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC549CEFB37FA5E5BB2" box="[1263,1443,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Mesenchytraeus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54E1AFB14FC435BD3" author="Eisen G" box="[827,958,1209,1231]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref23769" refString="Eisen G. 1878. Redogorelse for Oligochaeter samlade under de Svenska expeditionerna till Arktiska trakter. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 3: 63 - 79." type="journal article" year="1878">Eisen, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in both these taxa the male pore opens into an epidermal invagination surrounded by an eversible glandular bulb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32E21EAFFA1FFC74E72FAB8FDF5593D" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1122" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA1FFC74E72FAB8FE0B5E48" blockId="17.[827,1444,197,1905]" lastBlockId="19.[163,781,197,1568]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1122" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">
|
||
Unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54E8AFAB8FBB95A37" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Schmelz & Collado" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[939,1092,1301,1322]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54E8AFAB8FBB95A37" box="[939,1092,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, most of the southern species we consider part of
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54914FA99FB185A54" box="[1077,1253,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54914FA99FB4A5A54" ID-CoL="84PZV" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[1077,1207,1332,1353]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Marionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA1FFC549E3FA99FB185A54" box="[1218,1253,1332,1353]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are pigmented and have testes and masses of developing male cells said to be lobed and somewhat reminiscent of those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54E7DFA22FC005AB9" ID-CoL="84PT8" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[860,1021,1423,1444]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54E7DFA22FC005AB9" box="[860,1021,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC54930FA22FB045AB8" author="Michaelsen W" box="[1041,1273,1423,1445]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref24499" refString="Michaelsen W. 1905 a. Die Oligochaeten der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 nebst Erorterung der Hypothese uber einen fruheren groβ en die Sudspitzen der Kontinente verbindenden antarktischen Kontinent. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition IX, Zoologie 1: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1905">Michaelsen, 1905a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC5482DFA22FC8E5ADE" author="Stephenson J" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the shape of such structures is hard to compare between species, because the descriptions are often poor and do not distinguish between what is the testis and the free-floating maturing sperm cysts, the testis sacs or the seminal vesicles (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B647DAFFA1FFC54840F984FCB45941" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="18.[144,208,482,504]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 2. Morphological characters for species that we consider as part of Marionina s.s." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" tableUuid="DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). In our two pigmented species, we found the mass of developing male cells closest to the testes and the testes themselves appearing slightly lobed, somewhat similar to the arrangement typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA1FFC54823F90EFA6159A5" ID-CoL="84PT8" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[1282,1436,1699,1720]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA1FFC54823F90EFA6159A5" box="[1282,1436,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Distally, however, the testes break off into freefloating maturing sperm cysts. This seems to indicate the presence of testis sacs with thin membranes enveloping the early stages of developing male cells but interrupted at the most apical, frayed edge of the gonad; something speculated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA1FFC5499CF8F6FA5F586C" author="Michaelsen W" box="[1213,1442,1883,1905]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1120" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref24499" refString="Michaelsen W. 1905 a. Die Oligochaeten der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903 nebst Erorterung der Hypothese uber einen fruheren groβ en die Sudspitzen der Kontinente verbindenden antarktischen Kontinent. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition IX, Zoologie 1: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1905">Michaelsen (1905a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74DF7FF68FE525FC6" author="Stephenson J" box="[214,431,197,219]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson (1932)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Although we did not observe any basal separation into lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74F6CFF48FD115FE4" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[589,748,228,250]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74F6CFF48FD115FE4" box="[589,748,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a much smaller species than our pigmented ones, we did observe the same membrane enveloping the developing cells but distally breaking up.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" ID-Table-UUID="DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" box="[144,1064,482,504]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF4B22E9FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" startId="18.[144,208,482,504]" targetBox="[144,1830,540,1561]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFBD55EE5" blockId="18.[144,1064,482,504]" box="[144,1064,482,504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FE4FFF175EE5" bold="true" box="[144,234,482,504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphological characters for species that we consider as part of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64EB5FE4FFBF95EE5" ID-CoL="84PZV" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[916,1028,482,504]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Marionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA2FFC6492BFE4FFBD55EE5" box="[1034,1064,482,504]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA2FFC64DB1FDB1F95F5ADC" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<table id="F93480C1FFA2002B4DB1FDB1F8DB5904" box="[144,1830,540,1561]" gridcols="8" gridrows="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FDB1F8DB5D52" box="[144,1830,540,591]" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FDB1FE365D52" box="[144,459,540,591]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Species/type locality</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FDB1FDB45D52" box="[472,585,540,591]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Pigmented body wall</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFDB1FD0C5D52" box="[607,753,540,591]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Length:width (mm)</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FDB1FC845D52" box="[809,889,540,591]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">No. of chaetae</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FDB1FBA45D52" box="[931,1113,540,591]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Clitellum</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FDB1FA815D52" box="[1129,1404,540,591]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Structure of testes</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFDB1F97C5D52" box="[1420,1665,540,591]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Male apparatus</th>
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FDB1F8DB5D52" box="[1685,1830,540,591]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Spermathecal ectal glands</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FDDCF8DB5DC2" box="[144,1830,625,735]" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FDDCFE365DC2" box="[144,459,625,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FDDCFEA35DB9" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authority="Stephenson, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FDDCFEA25D9A" box="[144,351,625,647]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D87FD23FEA35DB9" author="Stephenson J" box="[166,350,654,676]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S. Georgia Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FDDCFDB45DC2" box="[472,585,625,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFDDCFD0C5DC2" box="[607,753,625,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">11–12:0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FDDCFC845DC2" box="[809,889,625,735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">7–17</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FDDCFBA45DC2" box="[931,1113,625,735]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FDDCFA815DC2" box="[1129,1404,625,735]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Basally lobed in possible testis sacs; ends break up into free-floating cells</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFDDCF97C5DC2" box="[1420,1665,625,735]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Minute penial body; one anterior and one posterior prostate</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FDDCF8DB5DC2" box="[1685,1830,625,735]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FD4AF8DB5C48" box="[144,1830,743,853]" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FD4AFDB45C48" box="[144,585,743,853]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FD4AFE315C07" ID-CoL="735P5" authority="No Benham, 1905 Antipodes Is." authorityName="No Benham" authorityYear="1905" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="antipodum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FD4AFE845DE0" box="[144,377,743,765]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina antipodum</emphasis>
|
||
No
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D87FCA9FEC15C07" author="Benham WB" box="[166,316,772,794]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="285 - 297" refId="ref23131" refString="Benham WB. 1905. On the Oligochaeta from the southern islands of the New Zealand region. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 37: 285 - 297." type="journal article" year="1905">Benham, 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Antipodes Is.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFD4AFD0C5C48" box="[607,753,743,853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">11–15:0.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FD4AFC845C48" box="[809,889,743,853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">4–7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FD4AFBA45C48" box="[931,1113,743,853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–XIII girdle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FD4AFA815C48" box="[1129,1404,743,853]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small, loose structure, no lobes but slightly frayed edge; free-floating male cells in X–XI</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFD4AF97C5C48" box="[1420,1665,743,853]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small penial body; two or three anterior and one or two posterior prostates</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FD4AF8DB5C48" box="[1685,1830,743,853]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FCF0F8DB5CF5" box="[144,1830,861,1000]" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FCF0FE365CF5" box="[144,459,861,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FCF0FEA35C8D" ID-CoL="8TG7S" authority="Stephenson, 1932" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="benhami">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FCF0FE9C5C6E" box="[144,353,861,883]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina benhami</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D87FCD7FEA35C8D" author="Stephenson J" box="[166,350,890,912]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64D9BFC3AFEBB5CD6" ID-CoL="8T65L" authority="sensu Benham (1922)" authorityName="sensu Benham" authorityYear="1922" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64D9BFC3AFE495CB0" box="[186,436,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina werthi sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D87FC18FEBB5CD6" author="Benham WB" box="[166,326,949,971]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref23217" refString="Benham WB. 1922. Oligochaeta of Macquarie Island. Australasian Antarctic expedition 1911 - 14. Scientific Reports C 6: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="1922">Benham (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Macquarie Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FCF0FDB45CF5" box="[472,585,861,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFCF0FD0C5CF5" box="[607,753,861,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">10:1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FCF0FC845CF5" box="[809,889,861,1000]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">7–13</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FCF0FBA45CF5" box="[931,1113,861,1000]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
No information; assumed to be the same as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64E9BFC18FBE35CD6" ID-CoL="8T65L" authorityName="sensu Benham" authorityYear="1922" box="[954,1054,949,971]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64E9BFC18FBE35CD6" box="[954,1054,949,971]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">M. werthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FCF0FA815CF5" box="[1129,1404,861,1000]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
No information; assumed to be the same as for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC649A1FC3AFB195CB0" ID-CoL="8T65L" authorityName="sensu Benham" authorityYear="1922" box="[1152,1252,919,941]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="werthi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC649A1FC3AFB195CB0" box="[1152,1252,919,941]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">M. werthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFCF0F97C5CF5" box="[1420,1665,861,1000]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">No penial body; group of prostate glands discharging independently of vasa</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FCF0F8DB5CF5" box="[1685,1830,861,1000]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FC5DF8DB5B43" box="[144,1830,1008,1118]" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FC5DFE365B43" box="[144,459,1008,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FC5DFE935B3E" ID-CoL="8TG7J" authority="(Stephenson, 1932)" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FC5DFEA95B1B" box="[144,340,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina colpites</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D8FFBA0FE9B5B3E" author="Stephenson J" box="[174,358,1037,1059]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S. Georgia Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FC5DFDB45B43" box="[472,585,1008,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFC5DFD0C5B43" box="[607,753,1008,1118]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">15–16:0.8–1</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FC5DFC845B43" box="[809,889,1008,1118]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2–7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FC5DFBA45B43" box="[931,1113,1008,1118]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FC5DFA815B43" box="[1129,1404,1008,1118]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small basal lobes in testis sacs; free-floating male cells in XI</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFC5DF97C5B43" box="[1420,1665,1008,1118]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">No penial body; group of prostate glands discharging independently of vasa</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FC5DF8DB5B43" box="[1685,1830,1008,1118]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">3–4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FBCBF8DB5BC9" box="[144,1830,1126,1236]" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FBCBFE365BC9" box="[144,459,1126,1236]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FBCBFEA45B84" ID-CoL="8TG6N" authority="Klinth, Rota & Erseus S." authorityName="Klinth, Rota & Erseus S." class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FBCBFEAF5B61" bold="true" box="[144,338,1126,1148]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina fusca</emphasis>
|
||
Klinth, Rota & Erséus S.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Georgia Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FBCBFDB45BC9" box="[472,585,1126,1236]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFBCBFD0C5BC9" box="[607,753,1126,1236]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">> 4.3:0.45–0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FBCBFC845BC9" box="[809,889,1126,1236]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">3–12</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FBCBFBA45BC9" box="[931,1113,1126,1236]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">(1/2XI)XII–XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FBCBFA815BC9" box="[1129,1404,1126,1236]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Basally lobed in possible testis sacs; ends break up into free-floating cells</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFBCBF97C5BC9" box="[1420,1665,1126,1236]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small penial body; one anterior and one posterior prostate</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FBCBF8DB5BC9" box="[1685,1830,1126,1236]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FB71F8DB5A30" box="[144,1830,1244,1325]" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FB71FE365A30" box="[144,459,1244,1325]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FB71FE965A12" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" authority="(Michaelsen, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FB71FE905BEF" box="[144,365,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64D8FFB54FE9E5A12" author="Michaelsen W" box="[174,355,1273,1295]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="53 - 73" refId="ref24401" refString="Michaelsen W. 1888. Die Oligochaeten von Sud-Georgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station von 1882 - 1883. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 53 - 73." type="journal article" year="1888">Michaelsen, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
S. Georgia Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FB71FDB45A30" box="[472,585,1244,1325]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">No</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFB71FD0C5A30" box="[607,753,1244,1325]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">4–5:0.18–0.42</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FB71FC845A30" box="[809,889,1244,1325]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2–7</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FB71FBA45A30" box="[931,1113,1244,1325]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–1/2XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FB71FA815A30" box="[1129,1404,1244,1325]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Basal compact club- shaped mass; free- floating male cells in XI</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFB71F97C5A30" box="[1420,1665,1244,1325]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small penial body; one anterior and one posterior prostate</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FB71F8DB5A30" box="[1685,1830,1244,1325]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">3–4*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FA98F8DB5ABE" box="[144,1830,1333,1443]" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FA98FE365ABE" box="[144,459,1333,1443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA2FFC64DB1FA98FEBD5A75" ID-CoL="8T65K" authority="Stephenson, 1932 Antarctic" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FA98FEB85A56" box="[144,325,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina grisea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64C6AFA98FF255A75" author="Stephenson J" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="233 - 264" refId="ref25867" refString="Stephenson J. 1932. Oligochaeta. Part. I. Microdrili. Discovery Reports 4: 233 - 264." type="journal article" year="1932">Stephenson, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Antarctic
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Peninsula
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FA98FDB45ABE" box="[472,585,1333,1443]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFA98FD0C5ABE" box="[607,753,1333,1443]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">11–17:0.68</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FA98FC845ABE" box="[809,889,1333,1443]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">4–8</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FA98FBA45ABE" box="[931,1113,1333,1443]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FA98FA815ABE" box="[1129,1404,1333,1443]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Triangular basal mass lobed in possible testis sacs; ends break up into free-floating cells</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFA98F97C5ABE" box="[1420,1665,1333,1443]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small penial body; one anterior and one posterior prostate</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FA98F8DB5ABE" box="[1685,1830,1333,1443]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2–3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35047023FFA2002B4DB1FA06F8DB5904" box="[144,1830,1451,1561]" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<th id="76D5195FFFA2002B4DB1FA06FE365904" box="[144,459,1451,1561]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC64DB1FA06FEB55ADC" box="[144,328,1451,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Marionina werthi</emphasis>
|
||
Michaelsen, 1905 Kerguelen Is.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4CF9FA06FDB45904" box="[472,585,1451,1561]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Yes</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4F7EFA06FD0C5904" box="[607,753,1451,1561]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">8:0.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E08FA06FC845904" box="[809,889,1451,1561]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">2–10</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4E82FA06FBA45904" box="[931,1113,1451,1561]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">XII–XIII saddle shaped</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4948FA06FA815904" box="[1129,1404,1451,1561]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Basal bunch of thin, thread-like lobes; ends break up into free- floating cells</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B48ADFA06F97C5904" box="[1420,1665,1451,1561]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">Small penial body; one prostate</td>
|
||
<td id="76D5195FFFA2002B4BB4FA06F8DB5904" box="[1685,1830,1451,1561]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA2FFC64DB1F9EFF95E5949" blockId="18.[144,1699,1602,1620]" box="[144,1699,1602,1620]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">
|
||
*One or two pedunculate glands and two or more sessile spherical glands anterior to the ectal pore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC64ECCF9EFFB845949" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[1005,1145,1602,1620]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA2FFC6493AF9EFFBBB5949" box="[1051,1094,1602,1620]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6C, D;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA2FFC649FBF9EFFA4D5949" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" box="[1242,1456,1602,1620]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1121" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9). New species in bold.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8B7261FFA3FFC74D9AFEF3FDF5593D" blockId="19.[163,781,197,1568]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
|
||
Further morphological characters of potential importance, concerning
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C93FED3FDAE5E8E" box="[434,595,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C93FED3FDD65E8E" ID-CoL="84PZV" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[434,555,382,403]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Marionina</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA3FFC74F13FED3FDAE5E8E" box="[562,595,382,403]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, are to be found in the epidermal gland cells and the nerve system.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74D82FE16FE825ECC" author="Rota E & Matamoros L & Erseus C" box="[163,383,442,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="417 - 436" refId="ref25417" refString="Rota E, Matamoros L, Erseus C. 2008. In search of Marionina (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae): a taxonomic history of the genus and redescription of the type species Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888. Italian Journal of Zoology 75: 417 - 436." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74DC6FE16FEDA5ED2" box="[231,295,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74CE5FE17FCF65ECC" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" box="[452,779,442,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the epidermis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74CC5FE77FD875EF2" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[484,634,474,495]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74CC5FE77FD875EF2" box="[484,634,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as intensely glandular, that is, covered with densely packed rows of pale cells. We found similar densely glandular epidermis in both the newly collected specimens and the borrowed
|
||
<typeStatus id="548FCCC3FFA3FFC74C60FDF9FE8E5D74" box="[321,371,596,617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of the species we consider to be
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74DC6FDDEFE9B5D95" ID-CoL="84PZV" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1890" box="[231,358,627,648]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74DC6FDDEFE9B5D95" box="[231,358,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Marionina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2731308FFA3FFC74C51FDDEFE695D95" box="[368,404,627,648]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C51FDDEFE735D95" box="[368,398,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
However, the epidermis of the southern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C33FD3CFE545DBB" ID-CoL="84PT8" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[274,425,657,678]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C33FD3CFE545DBB" box="[274,425,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species included in this study was also densely glandular; hence, this character might be more related to habitat than to genus (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74FECFD62FF265C1F" author="Rota E" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="225 - 238" refId="ref25143" refString="Rota E. 2001. Oversized enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata): a comparative study, with a revised description of Lumbricillus maximus (Michaelsen). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 1: 225 - 238." type="journal article" year="2001">Rota, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74DD0FD40FDDD5C1E" author="Schmelz RM & Collado R" box="[241,544,749,771]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="7 - 22" refId="ref25564" refString="Schmelz RM, Collado R. 2008. A type-based redescription of Pachydrilus georgianus Michaelsen, 1888, the type species of Marionina Michaelsen, 1890, with comments on Christensenidrilus Dozsa-Farkas & Convey, 1998 (Enchytraeidae, " Oligochaeta ", Annelida). Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 44: 7 - 22." type="journal article" year="2008">Schmelz & Collado (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported clusters of perikarya (‘prostomial ganglia’) on the prostomial nerves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C2FFC86FE5C5C5D" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[270,417,811,832]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C2FFC86FE5C5C5D" box="[270,417,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see their fig. 1) similar to those discovered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA50F90FFA3FFC74C1EFCE7FE095C43" author="Rota E & De Eguileor M & Grimaldi A" box="[319,500,841,863]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" pagination="11 - 21" refId="ref25265" refString="Rota E, De Eguileor M, Grimaldi A. 1999. Ultrastructure of the head organ: a putative compound georeceptor in Grania (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae). Italian Journal of Zoology 66: 11 - 21." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Rota
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C5BFCE7FE4D5C43" box="[378,432,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3b, f) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74FA1FCE4FD275C43" ID-CoL="84L4D" box="[640,730,841,862]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74FA1FCE4FD275C43" box="[640,730,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74D82FCC5FF0F5C60" ID-CoL="84P2F" box="[163,242,872,893]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Henlea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D82FCC5FF0F5C60" box="[163,242,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Henlea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We observed similar clusters on the prostomial nerves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C2FFC2AFE6C5C81" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[270,401,903,924]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C2FFC2AFE6C5C81" box="[270,401,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74CE6FC2AFE1B5C81" box="[455,486,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74FA4FC2BFD295C86" box="[645,724,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). We also found similar aggregations at the ventral ends of the circumoesophageal connectives, close to where they merge with the ventral nerve cord, in all of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74FA3FC4EFCF85CE5" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[642,773,995,1016]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74FA3FC4EFCF85CE5" box="[642,773,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D82FBAFFF3F5B0A" box="[163,194,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Snow Is.’ and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C90FBAFFDAE5B0A" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[433,595,1026,1047]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C90FBAFFDAE5B0A" box="[433,595,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furthermore, we found a globular mass of deeply staining cells apparently connected with the anterior end of the ventral nerve cord, and also anchored to (discharging in?) the ventral groove of the body wall between I and II (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74DE8FB37FEBD5BB2" box="[201,320,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 9A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). This unprecedented ‘subbuccal bulb’ (seemingly glandular, perhaps similar to the subneural glands found in the proximity of the clitellum in many enchytraeids) was observed by us in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74F6BFB5AFD2D5A11" ID-CoL="8T2DK" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[586,720,1271,1292]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74F6BFB5AFD2D5A11" box="[586,720,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. aestuum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74FC1FB5BFF1D5A37" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74DD5FABBFE965A37" ID-CoL="8TG7J" baseAuthorityName="Stephenson" baseAuthorityYear="1932" box="[244,363,1301,1323]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="colpites">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74DD5FABBFE965A37" box="[244,363,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. colpites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C59FABBFE2A5A37" ID-CoL="8TG6N" authority="KLINTH, ROTA & ERSÉUS, 2021" box="[376,471,1301,1323]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C59FABBFE2A5A37" box="[376,471,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74CC5FABBFDB15A36" ID-CoL="8T65K" authorityName="Stephenson" authorityYear="1932" box="[484,588,1302,1323]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="grisea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74CC5FABBFDB15A36" box="[484,588,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. grisea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74F79FABBFD8A5A36" box="[600,631,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74D8AFA99FF045A54" box="[171,249,1332,1354]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74C14FA99FE3B5A54" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[309,454,1332,1353]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74C14FA99FE3B5A54" box="[309,454,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130F6EE4FFA3FFC74CF2FA99FDDE5A54" box="[467,547,1332,1354]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[828,907,850,872]" captionTargetBox="[830,1438,198,807]" captionTargetId="figure-668@19.[827,1441,195,810]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. A, Marionina sp. ‘Snow Is.’ (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under ‘Taxonomy’. Scale bars: 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6461109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6461109/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was not observed in all specimens and was particularly hard to find in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74D82FADFFEC45A9A" ID-CoL="3Y6V5" baseAuthorityName="Michaelsen" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[163,313,1394,1415]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Marionina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="georgiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D82FADFFEC45A9A" box="[163,313,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">M. georgiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only clearly visible in two of 15 studied specimens, both of which were unstained. It is possible that this organ varies in size with development, in a similar manner to the subneural glands. We did not observe a subbuccal bulb in any of the studied species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74D9FF9A7FEAC5902" ID-CoL="84PT8" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1844" box="[190,337,1546,1567]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Lumbricillus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74D9FF9A7FEAC5902" box="[190,337,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Lumbricillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3409E2FFA3FFC74CB3F9A7FDFC5902" ID-CoL="84XLR" authority="DÓZSA-FARKAS & CONVEY, 1998" box="[402,513,1546,1567]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Christensenidrilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="blocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="B940AE73FFA3FFC74CB3F9A7FDFC5902" box="[402,513,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1122">Ch. blocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |