240 lines
28 KiB
XML
240 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="D621EB3950F1E84F01D6B67C9D2421D5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909109" ID-ZooBank="325DB7EF-94F7-4726-BC18-7B074D3CB886" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593158469765" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Jones, Christian M., Driggers Iii, William B., Hannan, Kristin M., Hoffmayer, Eric R., Jones, Lisa M. & Raredon, Sandra J." docDate="2020" docId="0391567A6662FFD2FF0B031E6B649FE9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Narcine bancroftii" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="285" masterDocId="FFA82E026666FFD6FF9C0710685E9811" masterDocTitle="An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea" masterLastPageNumber="315" masterPageNumber="281" pageNumber="285" updateTime="1700277151863" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="755C0AF668A637748B254C1C90297C6B">
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<mods:title id="4053EC49DCDBCCB669AB78DDFCFCC234">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico Part 1: Batoidea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="2A32737A61FF4CB10A7DC14824831D93" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="460BB72CACBD5F1B83E86779BC6FBA18">Jones, Christian M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="985D40B9775CE6FF9135D0E2E5D7CF04">National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="8E06B0450D87BAF272ED6DB6588DB2AE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="746D3E9D946783025C4F9ACFBC4E771D">Driggers Iii, William B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="16800CCC8C68C538B10897F3ED8F9988">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FEA9B87225BC13824230258D7843B974">Hannan, Kristin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB0645B469B7B3336B2146A56B4665C9">Riverside Technologies Inc., Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, 3209 Frederic Street, Pascagoula, Mississippi, U. S. A. kristin. hannan @ noaa. gov; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2687 - 3331</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="762A529C5A841BFEBC254F36016E3A5D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C3452EF554A181D706FFE2F7D58A7A77">Hoffmayer, Eric R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C10B84E6EB3B1731E2458E243798F9C">Jones, Lisa M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A4F102FD5650D90A9B08CFE768385210">Raredon, Sandra J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54A234D2C54A6B1DA5E127D882DC1288">Smithsonian Institution, Division of Fishes, Museum Support Center, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland, U. S. A. raredons @ si. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8295 - 6000</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4874D68283DA6A4A9FD992CB9310A53A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="599B0E704BA9CE3F6D7B10A2CB443E1C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="87382CA2E22765428B8561D617AFA872">
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<mods:date id="BB5F196924D2D171557B33A1D9E43B69">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="83380742935B75D3B9DAA073357778E8">2020-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="2EB5FC135E722FDE9D1A3F85C4103005" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E6B8C0775017FE6C0F8388F54691C2CA">4803</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51A422DCE7DE81654911ACAC22A7D353">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E66212CA9B49AE5A0868AE6AAFA1BF26">281</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="30637001EA19017D9E8F54DF094F479E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5960C1E4166CFAABA0094CA6E24DF3A0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="919C433AFB374085F2C85B2569B8C043" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C21D0670535BB0DFE87FFC32E0BA837B" type="Zenodo-Dep">3909109</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0391567A6662FFD2FF0B031E6B649FE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0391567A6662FFD2FF0B031E6B649FE9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391567A6662FFD2FF0B031E6B649FE9" lastPageNumber="285" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76662FFD2FF0B031E69549C7B" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B031E6C909C39" blockId="4.[151,1230,1038,1065]" box="[151,1230,1038,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<heading id="D0CF50006662FFD2FF0B031E6C909C39" bold="true" box="[151,1230,1038,1065]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B031E6C909C39" bold="true" box="[151,1230,1038,1065]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B031E6A9D9C39" authority="(Griffith and Smith, 1834)" baseAuthorityName="Griffith and Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[151,707,1038,1065]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancroftii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B031E69299C38" bold="true" box="[151,375,1038,1065]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine bancroftii</emphasis>
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(Griffith and Smith, 1834)
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</taxonomicName>
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—lesser electric ray, Caribbean numbfish
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B034269549C7B" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,266,1106,1130]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Synonyms:</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76662FFD2FF0B036269919CD7" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B03626A009C98" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,606,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B03626A009C98" authority="Garman, 1881" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,606,1137,1161]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="corallina">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B036269989C98" box="[151,454,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine brasiliensis corallina</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FE5103616A009C98" author="Garman, S." box="[461,606,1137,1161]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="231 - 237" refId="ref17254" refString="Garman, S. (1881) Reports on the results of dredging, under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, along the Atlantic coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake, " Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Reports on the Selachians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (11), 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1881">Garman, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B03806A049CB9" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,602,1167,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B03806A049CB9" authority="Garman, 1881" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,602,1167,1192]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B0380699C9CB6" box="[151,450,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine brasiliensis punctata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FE5403806A049CB9" author="Garman, S." box="[456,602,1168,1192]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="231 - 237" refId="ref17254" refString="Garman, S. (1881) Reports on the results of dredging, under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, along the Atlantic coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake, " Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Reports on the Selachians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (11), 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1881">Garman, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B03BF69919CD7" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,463,1197,1222]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B03BF69919CD7" authority="Jordan, 1884" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1884" box="[151,463,1197,1222]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B03BF69189CD7" box="[151,326,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine umbrosa</emphasis>
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Jordan, 1884
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76662FFD2FF0B03DD6A469D15" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B03DD6A0B9CF4" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,597,1228,1253]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B03DD6A0B9CF4" authority="Griffith and Smith, 1834" authorityName="Griffith and Smith" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,597,1228,1253]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Torpedinidae" genus="Torpedo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancroftii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B03DD690A9CF4" box="[151,340,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Torpedo bancroftii</emphasis>
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Griffith and Smith, 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B03FB6A469D15" blockId="4.[151,606,1106,1284]" box="[151,536,1259,1284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B03FB6A469D15" authority="Gronow in Gray, 1854" authorityName="Gronow in Gray" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,536,1259,1284]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Torpedinidae" genus="Torpedo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B03FB69709D12" box="[151,302,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Torpedo pictus</emphasis>
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Gronow in Gray, 1854
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76662FFD2FF0B02216C7F9E59" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF0B02216B099DA9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B0221696F9D5D" bold="true" box="[151,305,1329,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species exhibits a strong habitat preference (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FCF302226C169D5D" author="Carlson, J. K. & Pollack, A. G. & Driggers, W. B. & Castro, J. I. & Brame, A. B. & Lee, J. L." box="[879,1096,1330,1356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref16251" refString="Carlson, J. K., Pollack, A. G., Driggers, W. B., Castro, J. I., Brame, A. B. & Lee, J. L. (2017) Revised analyses suggest that the lesser electric ray Narcine bancroftii is not at risk of extinction. Endangered Species Research, 32, 177 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / esr 00799" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Carlson
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FC4C02236C5A9D5D" box="[976,1028,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">et al</emphasis>
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2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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), being relatively abundant in shallow coastal waters over sand bottoms throughout the northern GOM. Although this species is commonly report- ed to inhabit waters from the shoreline to approximately
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<quantity id="4CC04A896662FFD2FC86026A6B0A9D85" box="[794,852,1402,1428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
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in depth, individuals have been documented during NMFS SEFSC trawl surveys out to approximately
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<quantity id="4CC04A896662FFD2FD4D028D6B549DA9" box="[721,778,1437,1464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</quantity>
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depth.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF5B02D16C7F9E59" blockId="4.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF5B02D1698F9DCD" bold="true" box="[199,465,1473,1500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">First Record in GOM.</emphasis>
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An individual captured off Pensacola, Florida by Silas Stearns and David Starr
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6662FFD2FACE02D26DC39DCD" box="[1362,1437,1474,1500]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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in 1882 appears to be the first record of this species from the northern GOM. Although
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FBE402F66DC29E11" author="Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H." box="[1144,1436,1510,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="241 - 307" refId="ref18344" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. (1882) Notes on fishes observed about Pensacola, Florida, and Galveston, Texas, with description of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 5, 241 - 307. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.5 - 282.241" type="journal article" year="1882">
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6662FFD2FBE402F66C9D9E11" box="[1144,1219,1510,1536]" name="Jordan" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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and Gilbert (1882)
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</bibRefCitation>
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make no mention of this species in their report of the specimens obtained during the trip,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FB11011A6DC29E35" author="Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H." box="[1165,1436,1546,1572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="234 - 240" refId="ref17549" refString="Goode, G. B. & Bean, T. H. (1882) A list of the species of fishes recorded as occurring in the Gulf of Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 5 (281), 234 - 240. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.5 - 281.234" type="journal article" year="1882">Goode and Bean (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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include it in their list of species from the GOM, likely based upon this specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C322B4E76662FFD2FF5B01426B649FE9" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF5B01426A8A9FA1" blockId="4.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF5B014269659E7D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1618,1644]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Müller and Henle (1841) considered this species as being a variety of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FBE60143696F9E81" authority="(von Olfers, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="von Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1831" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FBE601436D019E7D" box="[1146,1375,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine brasiliensis</emphasis>
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(von Olfers, 1831)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FEA0016669B69E81" author="Garman, S." box="[316,488,1654,1680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="231 - 237" refId="ref17254" refString="Garman, S. (1881) Reports on the results of dredging, under the Supervision of Alexander Agassiz, along the Atlantic coast of the United States during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer " Blake, " Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. XII. Reports on the Selachians. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 8 (11), 231 - 237." type="journal article" year="1881">Garman (1881)</bibRefCitation>
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described two additional varieties of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FC0D01676C6D9E81" baseAuthorityName="von Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[913,1075,1654,1680]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FC0D01676C6D9E81" box="[913,1075,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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captured from the Florida Keys and
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6662FFD2FF54018A69CC9EA5" box="[200,402,1690,1716]" name="St. Vincent Island" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">St. Vincent Island</collectingCountry>
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in the Caribbean.
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FDFB018B6B689EA5" baseAuthorityName="Griffith and Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[615,822,1690,1716]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancroftii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FDFB018B6B689EA5" box="[615,822,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine bancroftii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was resurrected by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FB81018A6CA79EA5" author="de Carvalho, M. R." box="[1053,1273,1690,1716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" refId="ref16636" refString="de Carvalho, M. R. (1999) A systematic revision of the electric ray genus Narcine Henle, 1834 (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Narcinidae), and the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the orders of elasmobranch fishes (Chondrichthyes). Unpublished PhD dissertation, The City University of New York / American Museum of Natural History, New York, 735 pp." type="book" year="1999">de Carvalho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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and the range of this species is proposed to include the waters of the western North Atlantic Ocean, including the GOM and Caribbean Sea, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FEFB01F36A549EED" baseAuthorityName="von Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[359,522,1762,1788]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FEFB01F36A549EED" box="[359,522,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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limited to the coast of
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<collectingCountry id="F32FA7FC6662FFD2FC8401F26B3E9EED" box="[792,864,1762,1788]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. This being the case,
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FBC401F36D359EED" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1881" box="[1112,1387,1762,1788]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="corallina">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FBC401F36D359EED" box="[1112,1387,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis corallina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF0B001769FD9F31" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,419,1798,1824]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="brasiliensis" subSpecies="punctata">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF0B001769FD9F31" box="[151,419,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis punctata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be considered as synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FCCB00176BBB9F31" baseAuthorityName="Griffith and Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[855,997,1798,1824]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancroftii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FCCB00176BBB9F31" box="[855,997,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. bancroftii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as suggested by Carvahlo (1999), and not
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FF5F003B693B9F55" baseAuthorityName="von Olfers" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[195,357,1834,1860]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF5F003B693B9F55" box="[195,357,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as currently suggested (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FDE9003A6B149F55" author="Fricke, R. & Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R." box="[629,842,1834,1860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" refId="ref17155" refString="Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2019) Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 20 March 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
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Fricke
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FD5A003B6AA19F55" box="[710,767,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Likewise,
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FC4E003B6CCA9F55" authorityName="Jordan" authorityYear="1884" box="[978,1172,1834,1860]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbrosa">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FC4E003B6CCA9F55" box="[978,1172,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Narcine umbrosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FB50003A6D2D9F55" authorityName="Gronow in Gray" authorityYear="1854" box="[1228,1395,1834,1860]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Torpedinidae" genus="Torpedo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FB50003A6D2D9F55" box="[1228,1395,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Torpedo pictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are currently considered synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FD83005F6BF19F79" authority="(Fricke et al., 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Fricke" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[543,943,1870,1896]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FD83005F6A9C9F79" box="[543,706,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. brasiliensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FD4D005E6BF99F79" author="Fricke, R. & Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R." box="[721,935,1870,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" refId="ref17155" refString="Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N. & Van der Laan, R. (Eds.) (2019) Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Genera, Species, References. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / ichthyology / catalog / fishcatmain. asp (accessed 20 March 2019)" type="url" year="2019">
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Fricke
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FCBF005F6B029F79" box="[803,860,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, described from Key West and the Antilles, respectively. Given the localities from which these two species were described, they too should be considered synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C389CEF6662FFD2FE9B008769CB9FA1" baseAuthorityName="Griffith and Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[263,405,1942,1968]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Narcinidae" genus="Narcine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Torpediniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancroftii">
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FE9B008769CB9FA1" box="[263,405,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">N. bancroftii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
instead (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FE6700866A999FA1" author="de Carvalho, M. R." box="[507,711,1942,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" refId="ref16636" refString="de Carvalho, M. R. (1999) A systematic revision of the electric ray genus Narcine Henle, 1834 (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Narcinidae), and the higher-level phylogenetic relationships of the orders of elasmobranch fishes (Chondrichthyes). Unpublished PhD dissertation, The City University of New York / American Museum of Natural History, New York, 735 pp." type="book" year="1999">de Carvalho 1999</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87E76C6662FFD2FF5B00A96B649FE9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1329,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">
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|
<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FF5B00A969E19FC5" bold="true" box="[199,447,1977,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">Conservation Status.</emphasis>
|
|
Critically endangered, although this status has come into question and will likely change based on the information presented by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFA99A9D6662FFD2FDD700CE6B689FE9" author="Carlson, J. K. & Pollack, A. G. & Driggers, W. B. & Castro, J. I. & Brame, A. B. & Lee, J. L." box="[587,822,2014,2040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="285" pagination="177 - 186" refId="ref16251" refString="Carlson, J. K., Pollack, A. G., Driggers, W. B., Castro, J. I., Brame, A. B. & Lee, J. L. (2017) Revised analyses suggest that the lesser electric ray Narcine bancroftii is not at risk of extinction. Endangered Species Research, 32, 177 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.3354 / esr 00799" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Carlson
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<emphasis id="B94C3B7E6662FFD2FD3500CF6ABF9FE9" box="[681,737,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="285">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |