191 lines
20 KiB
XML
191 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9DC2308AA5ABD9634B5B740A7E307CAA">Distribution, habitats, phenology and conservation of New Caledonian Odonata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF5B2DF7D61959542D56D9083DC7CED4">Grand, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59C33603DDC5F9D3D59D0724E6ABA01F">Jourdan, Herve</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ADC2959BF55BB91AD81A3067F7C6747E">Cook, Carl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5418B9C5DA9023CE7E4D08639110B7B">Rouys, Sophie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D88E57618132672F856AC1083710DAC">Mille, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="59A1B22E9761E87CD418E9D2989D630F">Theuerkauf, Jörn</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03913978FF9BFFBAFF1ABE0662DBFE5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5518747" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158725363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5518747" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03913978FF9BFFBAFF1ABE0662DBFE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03913978FF9BFFBAFF1ABE0662DBFE5C" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9BFFBFFF1ABE066336F99B" blockId="59.[151,572,1585,1648]" box="[151,572,1585,1612]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9BFFBFFF1ABE066336F99B" ID-CoL="7B9HY" authority="Lieftinck, 1975" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,572,1585,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFF1ABE066336F99B" bold="true" box="[151,572,1585,1612]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFF1ABE066073F99B" bold="true" box="[151,377,1585,1612]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9BFFBFFE0DBE056336F99B" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[384,572,1586,1612]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 166" refId="ref33785" refString="Lieftinck, M. (1975) The dragonflies (Odonata) of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands - Part 1. Imagines. Cahiers Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer (ORSTOM), Serie Hydrobiologie, 9, 127 - 166." type="journal article" year="1975">Lieftinck, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9BFFBFFF1ABE6161F3F9A7" blockId="59.[151,572,1585,1648]" box="[151,249,1621,1648]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130394EBFF9BFFBFFF2DBE6161FBF9A7" box="[160,241,1621,1648]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1043,1068]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,179,1015]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[164,1423,179,1015]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 60. Synthemis ariadne, male." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342360/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9BFFBFFF1ABEAD633AF965" blockId="59.[151,560,1689,1714]" box="[151,560,1689,1714]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9BFFBFFF1ABEAD6326F965" ID-CoL="7B9HY" authority="Lieftinck, 1975: 160" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1975" box="[151,556,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFF1ABEAD6059F965" box="[151,339,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A99AE7FFF9BFFBFFED4BEAE6326F965" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[345,556,1689,1714]" page="160" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9BFFBFFED4BEAE6326F965" author="Lieftinck, M." box="[345,556,1689,1714]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="127 - 166" refId="ref33785" refString="Lieftinck, M. (1975) The dragonflies (Odonata) of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands - Part 1. Imagines. Cahiers Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer (ORSTOM), Serie Hydrobiologie, 9, 127 - 166." type="journal article" year="1975">Lieftinck, 1975: 160</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C322DBE5FF9BFFBAFF1ABEE862DBFE5C" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9BFFBFFF1ABEE861F4F8B1" blockId="59.[151,1437,1759,1966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFF1ABEE86023F92D" bold="true" box="[151,297,1759,1786]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Distribution</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130394EBFF9BFFBFFEB5BED76081F92C" box="[312,395,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="60.[151,250,2011,2036]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,1082,1991]" captionTargetId="figure@60.[151,1410,1082,1991]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 61. Records of Synthemis ariadne." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342362/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
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). Endemic to Grande Terre. This species is known from six localities spread along the central range.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9BFFBFFF69BF3360CBF8C9" author="Winstanley, W." box="[228,449,1796,1822]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="8" refId="ref36880" refString="Winstanley, W. (1984 c) Odonata from New Caledonia. Weta, 7, 8." type="journal article" year="1984">Winstanley (1984c)</bibRefCitation>
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collected the first female in November–December 1981. Its apparent rarity is probably due to its early flight period, from mid-October to late December, a time of the year collectors seldom search for
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9BFFBFFF1ABF7B61F0F8B1" authorityName=", Kitagawa" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,250,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Odonata</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9BFFBFFF4ABF5861CDF879" blockId="59.[151,1437,1759,1966]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFF4ABF586020F85D" bold="true" box="[199,298,1903,1930]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Habitat.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9BFFBFFEB8BF476302F85D" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityYear="1975" box="[309,520,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9BFFBFFEB8BF476302F85D" box="[309,520,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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frequents mountain creeks and streams, covered by forests, on non-ultramafic soil.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF47D8E6FF9CFFB8FF1ABC24632DFBFB" box="[151,551,1043,1068]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342360/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,250,1043,1068]" targetBox="[164,1423,179,1015]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9CFFB8FF1ABC24632DFBFB" blockId="60.[151,551,1043,1068]" box="[151,551,1043,1068]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9CFFB8FF1ABC24602AFBFB" bold="true" box="[151,288,1043,1068]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9CFFB8FEABBC2460E8FBFC" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityYear="1975" box="[294,482,1043,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9CFFB8FEABBC2460E8FBFC" box="[294,482,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF47D8E6FF9CFFB8FF1ABFEC6357F824" box="[151,605,2011,2036]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3342362/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" startId="60.[151,250,2011,2036]" targetBox="[151,1410,1082,1991]" targetPageId="60">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9CFFB8FF1ABFEC6357F824" blockId="60.[151,605,2011,2036]" box="[151,605,2011,2036]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9CFFB8FF1ABFEC602AF823" bold="true" box="[151,288,2011,2036]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 61.</emphasis>
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Records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9CFFB8FE16BFEC635DF824" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityYear="1975" box="[411,599,2011,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9CFFB8FE16BFEC635DF824" box="[411,599,2011,2035]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9DFFB9FF1ABF5263B4F8A9" box="[151,702,1893,1918]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9DFFB9FF1ABF52602AF8A9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1893,1918]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 62.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9DFFB9FEABBF5160FBF8AA" authorityName="Lieftinck" authorityYear="1971" box="[294,497,1894,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campioni">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9DFFB9FEABBF5160FBF8AA" box="[294,497,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Synthemis campioni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: a) male, b) female.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF47D8E6FF9DFFB9FF1ABF9A6366F812" box="[151,620,1965,1990]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3352065/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1946]" targetPageId="61">
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9DFFB9FF1ABF9A6366F812" blockId="61.[151,620,1965,1990]" box="[151,620,1965,1990]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9DFFB9FF1ABF9A602AF811" bold="true" box="[151,288,1965,1990]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
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Records of
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<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9DFFB9FE16BF99636CF812" authorityName="Lieftinck" authorityYear="1971" box="[411,614,1966,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="campioni">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9DFFB9FE16BF99636CF812" box="[411,614,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Synthemis campioni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF4AB8AF6400FE94" blockId="62.[151,1436,152,395]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF4AB8AF60D1FF64" bold="true" box="[199,475,152,179]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Biology and behaviour.</emphasis>
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The biology of this species is little known. Its final stadium larvae, described by supposition (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFE89B88A60DFFF00" author="Winstanley, W." box="[260,469,189,215]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref36835" refString="Winstanley, W. (1984 b) Synthemis serendipita sp. nov. (Odonata: Synthemistidae) from New Caledonia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 9 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428221" type="journal article" year="1984">Winstanley 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFE6FB88A636FFF00" author="Fleck, G." box="[482,613,188,215]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="165 - 166" refId="ref32253" refString="Fleck, G. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Odonates de Nouvelle-Caledonie: note sur la larve supposee de Synthemis ariadne Lieftinck, 1975 (Odonata, Anisoptera, Synthemistidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 110, 165 - 166." type="journal article" year="2005">Fleck 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), lives in small creeks and their tributaries. Hiding among rocks, it may occasionally be found with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFE5CB8D663FEFF2C" authority="Campion, 1921" authorityName="Campion" authorityYear="1921" box="[465,756,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFE5CB8D66331FF2C" box="[465,571,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">S. fenella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFDCEB8D663FEFF2C" author="Campion, H." box="[579,756,225,251]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="33 - 67" refId="ref31424" refString="Campion, H. (1921) Odonata collected in New Caledonia by the late Mr. Paul D. Montague. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 8 (43), 33 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932108632558" type="journal article" year="1921">Campion, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Emergence occurs not far above water surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFA93B8D661E8FEF7" author="Winstanley, W." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref36835" refString="Winstanley, W. (1984 b) Synthemis serendipita sp. nov. (Odonata: Synthemistidae) from New Caledonia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 9 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428221" type="journal article" year="1984">Winstanley 1984b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA9F59FFF9EFFBAFF78B932608CFEC8" author="Fleck, G." box="[245,390,260,287]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="165 - 166" refId="ref32253" refString="Fleck, G. (2005) Contribution a la connaissance des Odonates de Nouvelle-Caledonie: note sur la larve supposee de Synthemis ariadne Lieftinck, 1975 (Odonata, Anisoptera, Synthemistidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 110, 165 - 166." type="journal article" year="2005">Fleck (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reared several larval stages in laboratory conditions without obtaining any adults because its development was so slow. This author concluded that the larval development takes at least four years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B87886EFF9EFFBAFF4AB97B62DBFE5C" blockId="62.[151,1436,152,395]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFF4AB97B6013FEB0" bold="true" box="[199,281,332,359]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C38F3EDFF9EFFBAFEAEB97A60FFFEB0" authorityName="* Yiambe Lieftinck" authorityYear="1975" box="[291,501,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Synthemistidae" genus="Synthemis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94C547CFF9EFFBAFEAEB97A60FFFEB0" box="[291,501,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Synthemis ariadne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a very few localities scattered over the main island. Although its habitat is not immediately threatened, we rank it EN, because of its rarity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |