196 lines
21 KiB
XML
196 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="0C7C2CD7C4513446B53269A525D0408E">
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<mods:title id="13B84A4F3287191C1F639F82EF9B0EA0">Bathyergidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E77EA63B27ADBB30FB76EB1654C830D0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FDEDF28FF1FE4A04C307119AECCEC1BF">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F7E1321CC2D28A2B8AC0AECA10B1B6E">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6D5DC52A3033092D5B7208BAD717DA17">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="63C8ED1A78E1306163462F2A53293FEB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DC8D6C5BA17092D688F2DC1CFEC93798">2016</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="E11F89BF658DFB5873158B6F72626F4B" type="pubDate">2016-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="6AFE40BEEE9D7E09521C19B2E92EE95A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="D82B81C1F25E7735F55B088502F96D49">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="2865F6D9185B791AD40543848874E378">
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<mods:title id="191F6176EDECDDE4348315D3A361E1E9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<treatment id="038F4B5AFFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BCE4CFD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584524" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6584524" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038F4B5AFFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BCE4CFD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F4B5AFFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BCE4CFD8" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BFD5C6F4" box="[188,221,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BFD5C6F4" blockId="3.[186,1273,1140,1265]" box="[188,221,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D14D20FFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BFD5C6F4" box="[188,221,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<figureCitation id="131DE6C9FFA7FFD0ADFEFBA8BFD5C6F4" box="[188,221,1140,1186]" captionStart="Plate 22: Bathyergidae" captionStartId="2.[110,140,3366,3391]" captionTargetBox="[12,2732,15,3643]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Silvery Mole-rat (Heliophobius argenteocinereus), 2. Namaqua Dune Mole-rat (Bathyergus janetta), 3. Cape Dune Mole-rat (Bathyergus suillus), 4. Cape Mole-rat (Georychus capensis), 5. Common Mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus), 6. Ghana Mole-rat (Fukomys zechi), 7. Nigerian Mole-rat (Fukomys foxi), 8. Ochre Mole-rat (Fukomys ochraceocinereus), 9. Bocage’s Mole-rat (Fukomys bocagei), 10. Zambian Mole-rat (Fukomys amatus), 11. Ansell’s Mole-rat (Fukomys anselli), 12. Katue Mole-rat (Fukomys kafuensis), 13. Mechow’s Mole-rat (Fukomys mechowu), 14. Caroline’s Mole-rat (Fukomys vandewoestijneae), 15. Whyte’s Mole-rat (Fukomys whytei), 16. Damara Mole-rat (Fukomys damarensis), 17. Mashona Mole-rat (Fukomys darlingi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6584732/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">5.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADACFBA8BD7AC6F4" box="[238,626,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADACFBA8BD7AC6F4" blockId="3.[186,1273,1140,1265]" box="[238,626,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D14D20FFA7FFD0ADACFBA8BD7AC6F4" box="[238,626,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0ADACFBA8BD7AC6F4" box="[238,626,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Common Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0AFF9FBA8BB35C6F4" box="[699,1085,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AFF9FBA8BB35C6F4" blockId="3.[186,1273,1140,1265]" box="[699,1085,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D14D20FFA7FFD0AFF9FBA8BB35C6F4" box="[699,1085,1140,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AFF9FBA8BB35C6F4" ID-CoL="ZY8B" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[699,1085,1140,1186]" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Cryptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0AFF9FBA8BB35C6F4" box="[699,1085,1140,1186]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Cryptomys hottentotus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFEFB68BBF0C6A6" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFEFB68BB69C69F" blockId="3.[186,1273,1140,1265]" box="[188,1121,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D14D20FFA7FFD0ADFEFB68BB69C69F" box="[188,1121,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFEFB68BE0FC69F" bold="true" box="[188,263,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AC53FB68BEECC69F" box="[273,484,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Bathyergue hottentot</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ACBBFB68BD5BC69F" bold="true" box="[505,595,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AF1FFB68BC33C69F" box="[605,827,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Hottentotten-Graumull</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0AE13FB68BCA4C69F" bold="true" box="[849,940,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AEF5FB68BCE9C69F" box="[951,993,1204,1225]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Rata</vernacularName>
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topo comun
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADF9FB07BBF0C6A6" blockId="3.[186,1273,1140,1265]" box="[187,1272,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D14D20FFA7FFD0ADF9FB07BBF0C6A6" box="[187,1272,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADF9FB07BEBAC6A6" bold="true" box="[187,434,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0ACF8FB07BD54C6A6" box="[442,604,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">African Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AF28FB07BC28C6A6" box="[618,800,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Common Blesmol</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AE6CFB07BCE0C6A6" box="[814,1000,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Hottentot Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05258A62FFA7FFD0AEB4FB07BBF0C6A6" box="[1014,1272,1243,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Southern African Mole-rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0AE5CFAC1BC60C730" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AE5CFAC1BC60C730" blockId="3.[797,1393,1309,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0AE5CFAC1BCB1C768" bold="true" box="[798,953,1309,1342]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AE8DFAC1BC6BC730" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Bathyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">Bathyergus hottentotus Lesson, 1826</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0AE3CFA91BA24C7DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AE3CFA91BA24C7DB" blockId="3.[797,1393,1309,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4EF011FFA7FFD0AE3CFA91BA24C7DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785200306" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">near Paarl (east of Cape Town), Western Cape Province, South Africa.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0AE5CFA4FBCC9C4F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AE5CFA4FBCC9C4F7" blockId="3.[797,1393,1309,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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Taxonomy of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AEB1FA4FBBA0C7E2" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[1011,1192,1427,1460]" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Bathyergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hottentotus">C. hottentotus</taxonomicName>
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has changed based on recent molecular phylogenetic and chromosomal studies. As a result, the formerly considered subspecies amatus and whyte: are now recognized as distinct species of Fukomys. Four subspecies are recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0AE5DF970BD12CA52" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF59AAC4FFA7FFD0AE5DF970BD12CA52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6584706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6584706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6584706/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" targetBox="[183,775,1318,1732]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AE5DF970BBA7C49F" blockId="3.[797,1393,1309,1737]" box="[799,1199,1708,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0AE5DF970BBA7C49F" bold="true" box="[799,1199,1708,1737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFDF90BBD21C54E" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0ADFDF90BBD21C54E" authority="Lesson, 1826" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1826" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Cryptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="hottentotus">C.h.hottentotusLesson,1826—W&SSouthAfrica(Northern,Western,EasternCape,andFreeStateprovinces).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AD82F8C2BE97C531" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AD82F8C2BE97C531" authority="Roberts, 1913" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1913" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Cryptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="natalensis">C.h.natalensisRoberts,1913—SMozambiqueandESouthAfrica(MpumalangaandKwaZulu-Natal).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AD82F8A9BDB7C5E3" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AD82F8A9BDB7C5E3" authority="de Winton, 1897" authorityName="de Winton" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="de Winton" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Cryptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="nimrodi">C.h.nimrodideWinton,1897—SZimbabwe,extremeEBotswana,andextremeNSouthAfrica(NLimpopoProvince).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0AD82F867BD12CA52" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AD82F867BD3BC58A" authority="Roberts, 1913" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1913" box="[192,563,1979,2012]" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Cryptomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="hottentotus" subSpecies="pretoriae">C. h. pretoriae Roberts, 1913</taxonomicName>
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— N South Africa (S Limpopo, E North West, Gauteng, and Mpumalanga provinces).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFFF7D2BEC8CB4E" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFFF7D2BEC8CB4E" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFFF7D2BECFCA7D" bold="true" box="[189,455,2062,2091]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 105-185 mm (males) and 100-164 (females), tail 8-27 mm (males) and 10-25 mm (females); weight 112-145 g (males, averaging 134 g) and 98-153 g (females, averaging 119 g). The Common Mole-rat is medium-sized. Dorsal pelage is dark gray to brown; head sometimes has white patch. Limbs and tail are short; feet and tail are fringed with vibrissae. Chromosomal complement is 2n = 54, FN = 106 for the nominate subspecies and FN = 104 for natalensus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFEF6C2BB45CBE3" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFEF6C2BB45CBE3" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFEF6C2BE23CB69" bold="true" box="[188,299,2334,2367]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Mesic and semiarid regions with annual rainfall of 200-1000 mm. It occurs in a wide range of substrates from friable sandy loams to exfoliated schists and sandy, stony soils. It is apparently, unable to utilize heavy red clay soils or the hard soils associated with mopane (
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AC8DF648BDA1CBE3" box="[463,681,2452,2485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Colophospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Colophospermum</taxonomicName>
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mopane,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0AE66F648BCAECBE3" authorityName="Lindley & John" authorityYear="1830" box="[804,934,2452,2485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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) woodland.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFFF667BC8FC87D" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFFF667BC8FC87D" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFFF667BEC4CB8A" bold="true" box="[189,460,2491,2524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Common Mole-rat is herbivorous, and 92% of diet of the nominate subspecies hottentotus consists of geophytes. It stores food and apparently forages randomly; it does not drink standing water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFFF5EDBE85C969" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFFF5EDBE85C969" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFFF5EDBE43C804" bold="true" box="[189,331,2609,2642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Breeding of the Common Mole-rat occurs in October—January for the nominate subspecies and April-December for pretoriae. Ovulation is induced by copulation; gestation is 59-66 days; and litter size averages three young (range 1-6). Colonies contain single breeding females, a subset of breeding males, and non-reproductive individuals. Breeding system is not totally monogamous because genetic evidence indicates that offspring are not always from a single breeding pair.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFEF499BB91C930" box="[188,1177,2885,2918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFEF499BB91C930" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" box="[188,1177,2885,2918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFEF499BEAFC930" bold="true" box="[188,423,2885,2918]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Common Mole-rat follows the circadian rhythm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFCF4B0BE51CE2F" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFCF4B0BE51CE2F" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFCF4B0BC9CC9DB" bold="true" box="[190,916,2924,2957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Dispersal of Common Mole-rats occurs in the wet season, with rate of dispersal constrained by aridity and access to food. Burrow networks are 150-510 m long, and home range averages 0-16 ha. Colonies contain members of a family group and immigrants. Colony sizes are 2-14 individuals for the nominate subspecies, up to ten individuals for pretoriae, and 8-15 individuals for nimrodi. Nevertheless, the Common Mole-rat is less social than species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2681CFFFA7FFD0ADA6F380BE5DCE2F" box="[228,341,3164,3193]" class="Mammalia" family="Bathyergidae" genus="Fukomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Fukomys</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFDF3A3BBDFCEF6" box="[191,1239,3199,3232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFDF3A3BBDFCEF6" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" box="[191,1239,3199,3232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFDF3A3BD13CEF6" bold="true" box="[191,539,3199,3232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33CA9C7FFA7FFD0ADFDF36CBCE4CFD8" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B99FA4CFFA7FFD0ADFDF36CBCE4CFD8" blockId="3.[188,1393,1751,3470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B952265EFFA7FFD0ADFDF36CBE50CE9F" bold="true" box="[191,344,3248,3273]" pageId="3" pageNumber="368">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bennett (1989, 2013b), Bennett & Faulkes (2000), Bennett, Cotterill & Spinks (1996), Bishop, Jarvis et al. (2004), Bishop, O'Ryan & Jarvis (2007), Davies & Jarvis (1986), Hart et al. (2004), Jackson & Bennett (2005), Malherbe et al. (2003), Maree & Faulkes (2008a), Meester et al. (1986), Monadjem et al. (2015), Moolman et al. (1998), Nevo et al. (1986), Oosthuizen et al. (2008), van Rensburg et al. (2002), Robb et al. (2012), Spinks (1998), Spinks, Bennett & Jarvis (2000), Spinks, Branch et al. (1999), Spinks, Jarvis & Bennett (2000), Spinks, Van der Horst & Bennett (1997), Woods & Kilpatrick (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |